Indications for the appointment of enveloping agents. Enveloping (antacid) drugs in the treatment of certain diseases of the upper digestive tract

Diseases digestive system associated with damage to the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines in the form of erosions and ulcers, develop under the influence of aggression factors with insufficient protective properties. Enveloping agents for the stomach are large group drugs that create a protective film on the mucosa of the organ.

Enveloping drugs are high-molecular compounds that form colloidal solutions or emulsions upon contact with water. A thin film is created that protects the nerve endings of the mucous membranes from the irritating effect of aggressive substances that make up gastric juice. This provides an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect.

Most enveloping substances have adsorbing and antacid properties. Drugs that envelop the gastric mucosa are divided into two groups.

Means based on natural ingredients:

Synthetic chemical compounds:

• preparations based on colloidal bismuth;
• products containing aluminum;
• combined medicines.

Mechanism of action

Normally, to protect the mucosa in the stomach, a special mucus is synthesized - mucin. This is an insoluble organic substance designed to protect the epithelium of the stomach from the aggressive acidic environment of gastric juice. Violation of mucus production leads to exposure of the mucosa and the formation of erosions and ulcers on it.

Enveloping preparations for the stomach and intestines increase the viability of the epithelial cells of the mucosa of the digestive tract, affecting prostaglandins. Due to the active substances that make up the preparations (aluminum oxide, bismuth salts, magnesium oxide), under the action of hydrochloric acid, a strong polymer layer is formed, connected with protein exudates, which acts as a protective barrier.

Therapeutic effect of enveloping substances:

1. They bind pepsin and bile acids that enter the stomach during reflux.
2. They produce a cytoprotective effect by stimulating endogenous prostaglandins.
3. Improve blood supply to the mucosa.

Indications

Enveloping preparations are used for inflammatory and ulcerative lesions of the stomach and intestines:

• heartburn;
• acute gastritis;
• chronic hyperacid gastritis;
• peptic ulcer and duodenum;
• pancreatitis;
• enterocolitis;
• poisoning.

Medicines

Preparations of colloidal bismuth

Colloidal bismuth compounds, when combined with hydrochloric acid of the stomach, form a glycoprotein-bismuth complex, which settles mainly in the area of ​​eroded and ulcerated mucosal areas. The protective barrier does not allow hydrochloric acid, pepsin, food to reach the damaged areas, and the restoration of the mucosa is faster.

A feature of bismuth preparations is their low bioavailability. With a course of treatment after a month, the concentration of bismuth in the blood plasma barely reaches 50 μg / l. For complete removal bismuth compounds from the body require 8 weeks.

• De-nol;
• Vetrisol;
• Bizmat;
• Bisnol.

Side effects: headache, dizziness, alternating constipation and diarrhea. The stool is dark due to the formation of bismuth sulfide in the intestines.

Sucralfate is a complex aluminum-containing disaccharide that is not absorbed when taken orally. Polymerization occurs in the acidic environment of the stomach.

The resulting substance is tightly connected to the proteins of the gastric mucosa, especially in the area of ​​erosions and ulcers. The protective layer in the body lasts up to 8 hours.

Side effects: dry mouth, stomach discomfort, nausea, stool disorders, local allergic reaction - hyperemia and itching of the skin.

Contraindications:

• children under 4 years old;
• period of pregnancy;
• impaired renal function.

Preparations containing aluminum

Phosphalugel- colloidal aluminum phosphate has an antacid, enveloping, sorbing and analgesic effect. The drug, neutralizing excess hydrochloric acid, retains in the stomach the environment necessary for the digestion of food. Envelops the walls of the stomach, reduces pain, accelerates the repair of the epithelium.

Contraindications: Alzheimer's disease, hypophosphatemia, severe kidney pathology.

Side effects: nausea, vomiting, constipation, allergic reactions.

Almagel has similar pharmacological properties with Phosphalugel: antacid, enveloping, sorbing. By binding and eliminating damaging substances, aluminum and magnesium hydroxide cover the surface of the gastric mucosa with a film. The composition of the drug includes the substance benzocaine, which has a pronounced analgesic effect.

Main contraindications: Alzheimer's disease, kidney failure, children under 10 years old, low level phosphorus in the blood.

Side effects: nausea, vomiting, constipation, allergies.

Combined drugs

Vikalin contains bismuth subnitrate, sodium bicarbonate, rutin, magnesium carbonate, active calamus and buckthorn flavonoids. This composition provides anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, reparative, antispasmodic action medicines.

Side effects: nausea, vomiting, headache, allergic reactions: rash, urticaria.

Contraindicated in case of poor blood clotting, children under 18 years of age, with hypoacid gastritis, renal failure, enteritis and colitis, during pregnancy and lactation.

Vikair- a combined drug: bismuth subnitrate forms a protective film, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate reduce the acidity of gastric secretion, the active component of calamus acts as an antispasmodic - relieves pain and muscle spasms.

Contraindications: hypoacid gastritis, kidney pathology, children under 18, pregnant and lactating, enterocolitis.

natural antacids

Licorice root syrup contains glycyrrhizic acid. This glycoside, when combined with water, foams and forms a gel. Stimulates the production of prostaglandins in the stomach

healing of ulcers.

Flax-seed. The mucus released when the seeds are boiled covers the inflamed gastric mucosa, relieves pain, prevents the eroded areas from contacting the acidic contents of the gastric juice, and accelerates the scarring of ulcers.

Starch on chemical composition refers to polysaccharides. In water, starch swells, forming a colloidal solution - a paste. This property is used in the treatment of inflammation of the stomach, caused by insufficient production of protective mucus by glandular cells - mucin. Starch is a pain reliever enveloping action. In addition, it normalizes the process of gas formation, prevents flatulence.

oats. Active ingredients cereals have a healing effect on ulcerative defects, reduce the inflammatory process, and promote accelerated cell regeneration. At severe pain and spasm oatmeal relieves pain.

Comfrey. The mucus formed when decoction of the root contains a healing flavonoid - allantoin, which stimulates the development of new cells. Once in the stomach, it has an enveloping, healing and anti-inflammatory effect.

Traditional medicine recipes

Natural enveloping agents are used along with other drugs used in the treatment of stomach diseases.

Flax seeds

Pour 50 g of flax seeds per liter hot water. Put on fire, bring to a boil, stirring constantly. You will get a decoction that resembles jelly. Strain, drink a cup 3 times a day between meals.

Pour a large spoonful of seeds crushed in a blender with a cup of boiling water. Leave to infuse for 8 hours. Do not strain, drink with seed particles every night before bed.

licorice root

Fry 2 small spoons of crushed root on a dry skorod, pour into half a liter of boiling water, leave for 8 hours. After straining, drink 30 drops three times a day half an hour before meals.

Dilute a large spoonful of vegetable raw materials with a glass of water.

Simmer in a water bath for 20 minutes. After 2 hours, squeeze, strain. Take a decoction in a spoon 4 times a day.

Starch

2 large spoons of starch are added per liter of liquid. Put on fire and, constantly stirring with a spoon, bring the mixture to a boil. After cooling, drink a cup before meals. It is not recommended to add jam or berries to jelly in the treatment of ulcers and gastritis.

To quickly relieve heartburn, a spoonful of dry starch is placed in the mouth and washed down gradually with warm water.

oats

Pour a glass of whole grains with a liter of cold boiled water. For fermentation, put the solution in a warm place for 12 hours. Then boil the mixture for 30 minutes. After straining, the healing decoction is ready. Drink half a cup 30 minutes before meals until all symptoms disappear.

Pour a glass of oats into a container with a liter of water. Cook, stirring occasionally for 4 hours. When boiling, add the liquid to the original volume. The broth will acquire the consistency of jelly. Grind the boiled grains so that the broth becomes homogeneous. Drink 2-3 glasses a day a long period.

At hyperacidity the patient should start the day with oatmeal. The enveloping properties of this dish will protect the walls of the stomach during the day.

comfrey root

Steep a teaspoon of powdered root in a glass of boiling water. Insist 3-4 hours. Take a spoonful 5 times a day half an hour before meals.

Grind the dry root into a fine powder, pour a tablespoon into a cup with 50 g of honey, carefully grind the mixture until smooth. Insist 2 weeks. Take a coffee spoon half an hour before meals for 14 days.

A stomach ulcer is a serious chronic illness, proceeding cyclically with remissions and exacerbations. In each period, the tactics of treatment are different. pick up medications, the most suitable in this phase of the disease is the prerogative of the doctor, and the patient's business is to strictly follow all the doctor's prescriptions.

It is necessary to observe the doses of the prescribed enveloping agents for the stomach. Higher doses of the drug can lead to alkalization of gastric juice, which will cause a decrease in the digestive capacity of the stomach.

Before applying the methods of traditional medicine, it is necessary to consult a gastroenterologist.

Astringents

This is medicinal substances, which, upon contact with the affected areas of the skin and mucous membranes, denature the protein on their surface and form a protective film that protects sensitive receptors nerve fibers from irritation. As a result, inflammation and pain are reduced. In addition, there is a local vasoconstriction, a decrease in their permeability.

Astringents are used externally in the form of lotions, rinses, douches, powders, ointments for inflammatory diseases skin and mucous membranes (ulcers, erosions, burns, tonsillitis, etc.), as well as inside with diseases of the digestive tract.

They are divided into two groups:

1. organic ( plant origin)

2. inorganic (synthetic)

To organic include vegetable raw materials and decoctions from it containing tannins: oak bark, rhizomes of cinquefoil, serpentine, burnet, blueberries, bird cherry, St. John's wort, etc. They form insoluble albuminates with proteins.

Tannin- a tannin found in many plants. It is a yellow-brown powder, easily soluble in water and alcohol. Its 1-2% solutions are used for rinsing in inflammatory diseases of the mucous membranes. oral cavity, nose, nasopharynx, 5-10% solutions for lubrication burn surfaces, ulcers, cracks, bedsores, 0.5% solutions for salt poisoning heavy metals and alkaloids.

Included in combination tablets " Tansal», « Tannalbin».

From inorganic Astringents are most commonly used drugs of bismuth: Bismuth subnitrate, Xeroform, Dermatol. They are used in ointments, powders for inflammatory skin diseases, as well as for gastric and duodenal ulcers (bismuth subnitrate and subcitrate - tablets De-nol, Ventrisol) also have antimicrobial activity.

They are part of the combined tablets "Vikair", "Vikalin".

Alum(potassium-aluminum sulfate) - in the form of powders, solutions are used for rinsing, washing, lotions, douching with inflammation of the mucous membranes, skin, in the form of pencils - to stop bleeding with scratches, small cuts.

These are indifferent substances capable of forming colloidal solutions with water. When applied directly to tissues during inflammation, they form a protective film on the surface that protects tissues and nerve endings from irritation, and this has an anti-inflammatory, analgesic effect.

Enveloping agents are used for inflammatory diseases of the mucous membranes, especially for diseases gastrointestinal tract. They slow down absorption from the intestines, so they are used for poisoning. They are also prescribed simultaneously with drugs that have an irritating effect to protect the mucous membrane.

Resorptive action does not have.

As enveloping means use:

Organically e substances - polysaccharides of plant origin: mucous extracts from marshmallow root, flax seeds, starch.

Althea root infusion used for gastritis, enteritis and other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, it also has a softening expectorant effect. Marshmallow root extract, syrup, tablets are also available. Mukaltin.

Flax seed slime prescribed for gastritis, peptic ulcer, cystitis and other diseases. Also used are infusions of coltsfoot leaves, plantain, linden flowers, which contain mucus.

Inorganic substances - drugs containing aluminum and magnesium hydroxides in their composition.

« Almagel"- a colloidal gel in 170 ml vials ("Almagel A" - with the addition of anesthesin). It has an enveloping, adsorbing, antacid effect. It is used for gastric and duodenal ulcers, hyperacid gastritis, heartburn. Similar action possess drugs "Phosphalugel", "Gastal", "Alumag" and others.

Today, enveloping preparations are becoming more and more popular, as every day there are more patients with diseases of the digestive system, especially gastritis or ulcers. Such drugs are available without a prescription. Their choice in the pharmacy is large, but you can choose herbal remedies which give good results. What drugs that protect the gastric mucosa exist, read the article.

Drugs that protect the gastric mucosa from the action of acid have an enveloping effect.

Characteristics of enveloping agents for the stomach

Enveloping agents today are presented as drugs on plant-based or synthetic drugs. These substances create a protective barrier on the gastric mucosa, which dulls pain and protects the body from the aggressive environment that the enzymatic juice creates, has a beneficial effect on the intestines. Often they have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and other effects.

Therefore, if the acidity is increased, or the body is constantly susceptible to other irritants, it is most effective to use just such drugs.

The composition of such medicines contains substances that, in contact with water, are transformed into suspensions or colloidal compositions. This reduces the sensitivity of the nerve ending.

Despite the fact that H2-blockers of histamine prescriptions and inhibitors proton pump become more and more popular, enveloping substances do not lose their importance. Blockers are less effective than anthracite drugs in the treatment of peptic ulcer and gastritis. Indications for the use of enveloping preparations:

• gastritis;
• pancreatitis;
• heartburn;
• peptic ulcers;
• enteritis;
• burns of the mucous membranes of the body;
• colitis, etc.

Such medicines can be used externally to protect the skin from frostbite or burns. They are used in parallel with drugs, which have a detrimental effect on the mucous membrane. Today, drugs are most often used that are not absorbed in the esophagus and oral cavity, but are completely delivered to the stomach, which ensures their maximum effect. Modern enveloping substances have minimal side effects, which mainly become the cause of long-term use of the drug.

Non-absorbable drugs do not affect the acid-base environment and do not provoke an increase in the acidity of gastric juice, on the contrary, they neutralize the acid, as they are adsorbed on the mucous membrane of the organ.

Classification

Today's drugs are not absorbed into the blood, so it is possible to drink both herbal medicines and synthetic ones. Natural medicines most often have a component such as starch, but there are other enveloping plant components. A variety of pharmaceutical medicines is no less.

Enveloping Products

Natural enveloping components include:

• potato starch;
• liquorice root;
• White clay;
• comfrey;
• marshmallow root;
• two-leafed love;
• flax seeds;
• orchis spotted;
• corn starch;
• oats.

They can be used for gastritis and peptic ulcer. Such substances help to eliminate pain and alleviate the course of the inflammatory process. Most often used corn or potato starch. This is due to the availability and ease of use. Starch is not only a good anthracite, but also acts as an enveloping substance, it is a good protector of the stomach membranes. It just needs to be dissolved in warm or hot water. Such a coating preparation cannot be dissolved in a cold liquid. Starches can be bought at pharmacies. They are produced in powder form. Proportions: 1 tbsp. l. substances per 100 g of water.

They are no less useful in the fight against ulcers or gastritis, these are

Flax seeds help restore the gastric mucosa

protectors of the gastric mucosa. AT warm water these seeds secrete mucus. They need to be consumed in the form of jelly. To make such a slimy solution, you need to pour a teaspoon of seeds with a glass of boiling water and boil for a quarter of an hour. It is recommended to drink the decoction in a warm form for a third of an hour before a meal. The decoction has antimicrobial, laxative effects, is used to protect the body.

Orchis spotted contains mucus and starch. A decoction is made from it. To do this, grind 5 g of dry rhizome to a powder state and pour 200 g of water into a thermos for 180 minutes. After that, the infusion is boiled for 10 minutes and filtered. It is recommended to take the remedy three times a day, 70 g before meals.

White clay is taken internally or externally. Produced in powder form. You need to take 30 g.

Marshmallow root is a good enveloping substance. To prepare it, you need to pour 10 g of powder from the roots with a glass of boiling water in a thermos and drink 10 g 4 times a day before meals.

Medications

Among the most popular drugs that have an enveloping effect are the following:

• "Magnesium oxide";
• "Sukralfat";
• "Almagel";
• "Phosphalugel";
• aluminum hydroxide, etc.

The drug has an enveloping effect

Aluminum hydroxide is a powder that is administered orally as an aqueous suspension of 5-10 g up to 6 times a day. It is recommended to drink it for ulcers of the duodenum and stomach, gastritis and food poisoning. The substance binds phosphates and delays their absorption in the digestive organs.

"Magnesium oxide" is also called burnt magnesia. This medicine is not absorbed into the blood, reduces the action of the acid, while there is no release of carbon dioxide. Reaching the intestines, the substance provides a laxative effect. Magnesium is prescribed for gastritis, ulcers in the stomach or duodenum. Magnesium oxide tablets or powder are taken orally before a meal, this provides an instant but short-term effect, if taken after a meal, the medication lasts a longer period.

"Sukralfat" - anthracite, enveloping drug. It binds acid in the stomach, slows down the production of pepsin. It is prescribed for ulcers and gastritis. Produced in the form of tablets. You need to drink the medication 1-2 tablets three times a day, without chewing and drinking plenty of water.

"Almagel" is an anthracite preparation, which has actions that neutralize the excessive secretion of enzymatic juice. It inhibits the production of hydrochloric acid and provides local anesthesia and urinary excretion. The drug normalizes the production of pepsin. Magnesium hydroxide neutralizes the aggressiveness of hydrochloric acid. "Almagel" acts for a long period, without causing bloating and gases, it keeps the acidity within the required limits. It is produced in the form of a gel, which improves the enveloping effect. The effect of the use of the protector occurs 5 minutes after ingestion.

Indications for the appointment are the following diseases:

• gastritis with high acidity;
• esophagitis;
• ulcer;
• duodenitis;
• food poisoning;
• enteritis;
• bloating;
• pain after consumption harmful products etc.

If the patient is taking anti-inflammatory medication or glucocorticosteroids long time, "Almagel" is prescribed for the prevention of ulcers. Dosage: 5-10 g half an hour before a meal. The course of admission is not longer than 2 weeks.

"Phosphalugel" - a substance in the form of a white gel. It is used internally. It is an enveloping substance. It is recommended to drink it for ulcers and gastritis, if the walls of the organ are damaged due to poisoning.

STARCH (Amytum)

It is obtained from wheat grains - wheat starch (Amylum Tritici), corn (Amylum Maydis), rice (Amylum Oryzae), from potato tubers (Amylum Solani).

It is insoluble in cold water, but forms a colloidal solution in hot water (Mucilago Amyli).

Indications for use. Assign as an enveloping agent to protect sensitive nerve endings from exposure irritants and to slow the absorption of drugs.

Method of application and dose. Outwardly (in the form of powders and powders with zinc oxide, talc, etc.), inside and in enemas (in the form of a starch paste or mucus).

Release form. Powder.

Storage conditions. In a dry place.

LIQUIRITON (Liquiritonum)

Contains amount of flavonoids from licorice root.

Pharmachologic effect. It has antispasmodic (relieves spasms), anti-inflammatory and moderate antacid (the ability to reduce stomach acidity) properties.

Indications for use. With exacerbation and for the prevention of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, with chronic gastritis with preserved secretory function stomach, erosive gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa with the formation of its defects).

Method of application and dose. Inside, 0.1-0.2 g 3-4 times a day 20-30 minutes before meals for 4-5 weeks; after a 10-12 day break, the course of treatment is repeated.

Release form. Tablets of 0.1 in a package of 25 pieces.

Storage conditions. In a dry dark place.

FLAX SEEDS (Semena Lini)

Ripe and dried seeds of flax (Linum usitatissinum L.), fam. flax (Linaceae). Contain fatty linseed oil(Oleum Lini) and slime.

Indications for use. Used as an enveloping and emollient.

Method of application and dose. Externally for poultices and internally as flaxseed mucus, which is prepared with 1 part whole flaxseed and 30 parts extempore hot water (before drinking).

Release form. In cardboard packs of 200 g.

Storage conditions. In a dry place.

MAGNESIUM CARBONATE BASIC (Magnesii subcarbonas)

Synonyms: Magnesia white.

Indications for use. As an enveloping, antacid (reducing stomach acid) and mild laxative.

Method of application and dose. Inside, adults are prescribed 1-3 g, children under 1 year old - 0.5 g each, from 2 to 5 years old - 1-1.5 g each, from 6 to 12 years old - 1-2 g per dose 2-3 times a day. Applied externally as a powder.

Release form. Powder and tablets containing basic magnesium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate 0.5 g each.

Storage conditions. In a well sealed container.

TABLETS "VIKAIR" (Tabulettae "Vicairum")

Synonyms: Rother.

Indications for use.

Method of application and dose. Assign inside after meals (after 1-11/2 hours), 1-2 tablets 3 times a day. Wash down with a small amount (1/4 cup) of water.

Side effect. Feces while taking Vikair tablets are stained in dark color.

Release form. Tablets containing: bismuth nitrate basic - 0.35 g, magnesium carbonate basic - 0.4 g, sodium bicarbonate - 0.2 g, powder of calamus rhizome and buckthorn bark (finely crushed) - 0.025 g each, in a package of 100 pieces .

Storage conditions.

TABLETS "VIKALIN" (Tabulettae "Vicalinum")

Pharmachologic effect. Tablets have a complex effect. Basic bismuth nitrate, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate provide antacid (reducing stomach acid) and astringent action, buckthorn bark (albeit in a small dose) contributes to a laxative effect. The presence of rutin allows you to count on some anti-inflammatory effect, and Kellin - on an antispasmodic (relieving spasms) effect.

Indications for use. Applied with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum and hyperacid gastritis (inflammation of the stomach due to a persistent increase in acidity).

Method of application and dose. Assign inside 1-2 tablets 3 times a day after meals with 1/2 cup of warm water (it is advisable to crush the tablets). The course of treatment usually lasts 1-2-3 months; after a month break, the course is repeated. During treatment, you must follow a diet.

Side effect. Tablets usually do not cause side effects, sometimes there is an increase in stool, which stops when the dose is reduced. Feces while taking the pills become dark green or black.

Release form. Tablets containing: basic magnesium carbonate - 0.4 g, basic bismuth nitrate - 0.35 g, sodium bicarbonate - 0.2 g, powder of calamus rhizome and buckthorn bark - 0.025 g each, rutin and. kellin - 0.005 g each

Storage conditions. In a dry place protected from light.

MAGNESIUM OXIDE (Magnesii oxydum)

Synonyms: Burnt magnesia.

Pharmachologic effect. Magnesium oxide is one of the main representatives antacids used to reduce the high acidity of gastric juice.

When introduced into the stomach, magnesium oxide is not absorbed, it neutralizes the hydrochloric acid of the gastric contents with the formation of magnesium chloride. The release of carbon dioxide does not occur, therefore, the antacid (reducing the acidity of the stomach) effect of magnesium oxide is not accompanied by secondary hypersecretion. The phenomena of alkalosis (Scaling) are not observed. Passing into the intestines, magnesium chloride has a laxative effect.

Indications for use. With hyperacid gastritis (inflammation of the stomach due to a persistent increase in acidity), peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.

Method of application and dose. Assign inside (0.25-0.5-1 g each) with increased acidity of gastric juice, acid poisoning and as a mild laxative (3-5 g per dose).

Usually antacids taken for / g h before meals. However, it should be borne in mind that when taken on an empty stomach

the antacid effect is short-lived (about 30 minutes), it increases significantly (up to 3-4 hours) when taking antacids after meals. For a long-term antacid effect, it is advisable to take them 1 hour and 3 hours after meals.

Before use, the tablets must be thoroughly crushed.

Release form. Powder and tablets of 0.5 g.

Storage conditions. In a well sealed container.

Misoprostol (Misoprostol)

Synonyms: Cytotec, Cytotec.

Pharmachologic effect. Synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E. It has antisecretory activity. When taken orally (in the form of tablets), it reduces the secretion (release) of hydrochloric acid, stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate and mucus, and has a cytoprotective (cell-protecting) effect. The action usually develops 30 minutes after ingestion and lasts about 3 hours.

Indications for use. It is mainly used to prevent the ulcerogenic (ulcer-causing) action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including acetylsalicylic acid. It is taken simultaneously with anti-inflammatory drugs during the entire time they are taken.

Method of application and dose. Assign adults to 0.2 mg (200 mcg) 3-4 times a day with meals. The last dose is taken shortly before bedtime. In case of poor tolerance, reduce the single dose to 0.1 mg (100 mcg). Children under 18 years of age are not prescribed the drug.

Side effect. When using the drug, nausea, diarrhea (diarrhea), stomach pains are possible, rarely - skin rash, swelling, drowsiness, hypo- or hypertension (lower or higher blood pressure) and other side effects.

Contraindications. Pregnancy (causes contraction of the muscles of the uterus). In case of kidney disease, it is necessary to reduce the dose.

Release form. Tablets of 0.2 mg (200 mcg) in a package of 100 pieces.

Storage conditions. In a dry place.

SUKRALFAT (Sucralfat)

Synonyms: Alsukral, Andapsin, Sakras, Ulkon, Sukrafil, Keal, Sukrat, Algofel, Venter, Gelfos.

Pharmachologic effect. The drug has an antacid (reducing the acidity of the stomach), adsorbing (absorbing) and enveloping effect.

Neutralizes gastric acid, inhibits the secretion of pepsin (an enzyme that breaks down peptides and proteins). Upon entering the stomach, it forms a polymeric protective film on the surface of the mucous membrane and has an iotoprotective (protecting cells) effect.

Indications for use. Assign adults with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, hyperacid gastritis (inflammation of the stomach due to a persistent increase in acidity).

Method of application and dose. Taken for "/ 2-1 hour before meals in daily dose 2-4 g (4-8 tablets): 0.5-1 g (1-2 tablets) before breakfast, lunch and dinner and 0.5-1 g (1-2 tablets) at bedtime. The tablets are swallowed whole, without chewing, with a small amount of water. The course of treatment is 4-6 weeks. and more. If necessary, the course is repeated.

Side effect. When taking the drug, constipation is possible. Do not prescribe sucralfate together with tetracyclines (absorption of tetracyclines is impaired).

Contraindications. Severe lesions kidneys and pregnancy.

Release form. Tablets of 0.5 g in a package of 100 pieces.

Storage conditions. In a dry place protected from light.

FOSFALUGEL (Fosfalugel)

Synonyms: Phosphalugel, Aluminum phosphate, Alfogel, Gasterin.

Colloidal gel containing aluminum phosphate (about 23%). The composition of the drug includes a gel of pectin and agaragar.

Pharmachologic effect. The drug has an enveloping effect and antacid (reducing the acidity of the stomach) activity, contributing to the protection of the gastric mucosa.

Indications for use. Used for peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, gastritis (inflammation of the stomach), dyspepsia (indigestion), food intoxication (poisoning).

Method of application and dose. It is taken orally undiluted, washed down with a small amount of water or diluted in ] / 2 glasses of water (you can add sugar).

Dose: 1-2 packets 2-3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.

Release form. Packaged in plastic bags of 16 g.

Storage conditions. In a dry place.

ANDREW LIVER SALT (Andrews liver salts)

Pharmachologic effect. Combined drug, which has an antacid (reducing the acidity of the stomach) effect. Sodium bicarbonate, which is part of it, reduces the acidity of gastric juice. In combination with citric acid, sodium bicarbonate forms a buffer solution, the PH (an indicator of the acid-base state) of which is higher than the PH of the contents of the stomach, as a result of which the drug increases the PH (reduces the acidity) of the contents of the stomach, providing an antacid effect. Magnesium sulfate has a laxative effect.

Indications for use. Acute gastritis(inflammation of the stomach) chronic gastritis with normal secretory function of the stomach (secretion of gastric juice) in the acute phase, acute duodenitis (inflammation of the duodenum); peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute phase; pain, discomfort in the epigastrium (the area of ​​the abdomen located directly under the convergence of the costal arches and the sternum); heartburn after excessive consumption of alcohol, nicotine, coffee, sweets, errors in diet, intake medicines; constipation.

Method of application and dose. Adults with pain in the epigastrium, heartburn are prescribed 1 teaspoon of powder per 1 glass of water. If necessary, the drug can be used 4 times a day.

For constipation, 2 teaspoons per 1 glass of water are prescribed in the morning on an empty stomach or at bedtime.

For children under the age of 12 years, the drug is prescribed at a dose equal to half the dose for adults.

Side effect. Rarely - pain in the epigastric region.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug; diabetes.

Release form. Powder for solution for oral administration in vials of 227 g and 113 g, in sachets of 5 g. Composition: magnesium sulfate - 17.4%, sodium bicarbonate - 22.6%, citric acid- 19.5%, sucrose - 40.5%.

Storage conditions. In a dry place.

ALYUGASTRIN (Alugastrin)

Synonyms: Alugastrin.

Pharmachologic effect. It has astringent, antacid (reducing the acidity of the stomach), enveloping effect. When ingested, it forms a uniform protective film on the surface of the gastric mucosa.

Indications for use. Applied with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum and hyperacid gastritis (inflammation of the stomach due to a persistent increase in acidity).

Method of application and dose. Take orally for "/2-1 hour before meals and at bedtime, 1-2 teaspoons of suspension (suspensions of solid particles in water) or the contents of 1-2 sachets (5 or 10 ml) with a small amount of warm boiled water or without water.

Side effect. The drug is usually well tolerated; possible nausea, vomiting.

Release form. In bottles of 250 ml and 5 or 10 ml in plastic bags.

Storage conditions. In tightly closed vials (or sachets) in a place protected from light.

BISMUTH NITRATE BASIC (Bismuth! subnitras)

Pharmachologic effect. Antacid (reducing the acidity of the stomach), astringent, protecting the lining of the stomach.

Indications for use. As an astringent, weak antiseptic (disinfectant), fixing agent for gastrointestinal diseases. It also has a local astringent and anti-inflammatory effect.

Method of application and dose. Inside, 0.25-1 g (children 0.1-0.3-0.5 g) per reception 4-6 times a day before meals for 15-30 minutes. Locally 1-2 times a day for dermatitis (skin inflammation), erosions (surface defects) and small skin ulcers.

Side effect. At long-term use in high doses, methemoglobinemia (increased levels of methemoglobin in the blood).

Release form. Powder; 10% ointment.

Storage conditions. In a sealed container, protected from light.

Bismofalk (Bismofalk)

Pharmachologic effect. Combined preparation containing bismuth nitrate basic and bismuth subgallate. An antiulcer agent with bactericidal (destroying bacteria) activity against Helikobacter pylori, a microorganism that is considered as one of the causes of occurrence and recurrence ( re-manifestation) chronic gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa) and peptic ulcer.

In the acidic environment of the stomach and duodenum, bismuth subgallate and bismuth subnitrate form complexes with glycoproteins (proteins) released from the damaged mucosa. This resulting complex containing bismuth forms a protective layer on the surface of erosions (mucosal defects) and ulcers, which protects them from the effects of hydrochloric acid and pepsin (an enzyme that decomposes peptides and proteins). The drug enhances the processes of regeneration (recovery) of the mucous membrane, increases the production of mucus and improves its protective properties.

Indications for use. peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum; chronic gastritis in the acute stage; a feeling of fullness in the epigastric region (the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe abdomen, located directly under the convergence of the costal arches and the sternum).

Method of application and dose. The drug is prescribed orally 2 tablets 3 times a day for 1-2 hours before meals. Tablets are taken without chewing, with a small amount of liquid. The duration of treatment is determined clinical course disease and should be at least 4 weeks, even with a rapid improvement in the condition or the disappearance of complaints. At the same time, as with all bismuth preparations, the duration of treatment should not exceed 8 weeks. If necessary, a second course should take a break lasting 8 weeks.

Since the drug acts most actively in the acidic contents of the stomach, antacids (drugs that reduce the acidity of the stomach), as well as milk, should not be taken simultaneously with bismofalk. If necessary, these funds are taken no earlier than 30 minutes before taking bismofalk or 30 minutes after taking it, so as not to weaken the action of bismofalk.

Side effect. Possible dark color of feces due to the formation of bismuth sulfide. With prolonged use in high doses, the development of encephalopathy (brain diseases associated with the accumulation of bismuth in the central nervous system characterized by its dystrophic changes).

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug; severe renal failure; pregnancy; lactation. The drug is not prescribed to children under 14 years of age.

Release form. Tablets containing bismuth nitrate basic 0.1 g and bismuth subgallate 0.05 g each, in a package of 100 pieces.

Storage conditions.

Basic bismuth nitrate is also included in the preparations of neoanuzol suppositories, vikair tablets, vikalin tablets.

BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATE (Bismuth subsalicylate)

Synonyms: Desmol.

Pharmachologic effect. Antiulcer and antidiarrheal (antidiarrheal) agent, which also has an enveloping and antimicrobial effect. Forms an insoluble protective coating at the site of ulcer localization. Increases the resistance of the mucous membrane to the action of pepsin (an enzyme that decomposes peptides and proteins), hydrochloric acid and enzymes. Increases the production of mucus in the stomach and improves its protective properties. The drug has a nonspecific antidiarrheal effect; usually diarrhea (diarrhea) is stopped (removed) within 24 hours.

Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute stage; chronic gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa) with normal or increased secretory function (formation of gastric juice) in the acute stage; diarrhea of ​​various origins.

Method of application and dose. For the treatment of peptic ulcer, 2 tablespoons of the drug (or 2 tablets) are prescribed every 4 hours, but not more than 6 times a day.

Adults for the treatment of diarrhea are prescribed 2 tablespoons (or 2 tablets) of the drug every 0.5-1 hour (but not more than 8 times a day).

For the treatment of diarrhea, children are prescribed the drug every 0.5-1 hour (but not more than 8 times a day) in the following single doses: at the age of 3-6 years - 1 teaspoon (or Uz tablets), 6-9 years - 2 teaspoons (or 2/3 tablets), 9-12 years - 1 tablespoon (or 1 tablet). For children under 3 years of age, the drug is prescribed in doses based on the child's body weight as prescribed by the doctor.

If diarrhea lasts more than 48 hours or is accompanied by fever (a sharp rise in body temperature), a doctor's consultation is necessary.

The gel is shaken before use.

Side effect. Possible darkening of the tongue, dark staining of feces.

Contraindications. Information about allergies acetylsalicylic acid and other salicylates in history (medical history).

With caution, the drug is prescribed to sick and breastfeeding women.

Exercise caution when prescribing the drug to patients taking anticoagulants, antidiabetic agents or anti-gout agents.

Release form. Tablets containing 0.262 g of bismuth subsalicylate, in a package of 30 pieces. Gel in vials of 237 ml (1 ml - 0.0175 g of bismuth subsalicylate).

Storage conditions. In a carefully sealed package, protected from light.

BISMUTH SUBCITRATE (Bismuth! subnitras)

Synonyms: Bisnol, Ventrisol, Tribimol, De-Nol, Biscolvdtrat, De-Noltal, Duozol, Ulceron, Bizmat, etc.

Pharmachologic effect. Antiulcer agent with bactericidal (destroying bacteria) activity against Helicobacter pylori-microorganisms, which, apparently, in some cases contribute to the occurrence of chronic gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa) and recurrent (periodically recurring) peptic ulcer.

In the acidic environment of the stomach and duodenum, it forms a protective film on the surface of ulcers and erosions (mucosal defects), which contributes to their scarring, increases the resistance of the mucous membrane to the effects of pepsin (an enzyme that decomposes peptides and proteins), hydrochloric acid and enzymes. Increases the activity of cytoprotective (cell-protecting) mechanisms, increasing the synthesis of prostaglandin ei and the secretion (release) of bicarbonates.

Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. Exacerbation of gastroduodenitis (inflammation of the stomach and duodenum) in patients with peptic ulcer. Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining) caused by Helicobacter pylori.

Method of application and dose. The drug is prescribed 1 tablet 3 times a day 30 minutes before breakfast, lunch and dinner and for the 4th time before bedtime. The tablet is washed down with 1-2 sips of water (but not milk). Treatment is carried out within 4-6 weeks. If necessary, it can be extended up to 8 weeks. After this, you should take a break for 8 weeks, during which you should not take other drugs containing bismuth.

If a Helicobacter pylori bacterium is found in a patient, it is rational to combine treatment with the drug with oral administration of metronidazole 0.25 g 4 times a day for 10 days and / or amoxicillin 0.25 g 4 times a day for 10 days. In order to consolidate the remission (temporary weakening or disappearance of the manifestations of the disease) of diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori, as well as stable sanitation (elimination and prevention of diseases) of the mucous membrane, it is advisable to conduct 3-4 two-week courses of antibiotic therapy (bismuth) during the first year.

subcitrate + amoxicillin, or bismuth subcitrate + metronidazole, or bismuth subcitrate + furazolidone).

30 minutes before and after taking the drug, you should refrain from taking food, liquids and antacids (reducing the acidity of the stomach) funds.

The drug reduces the absorption of tetracycline.

At joint application with other drugs containing bismuth, the risk of increasing the concentration of bismuth in the blood plasma increases.

Side effect. Perhaps the appearance of nausea, vomiting, more frequent stools. Against the background of taking the drug, it is possible to stain the feces in a dark color, as well as a slight darkening of the tongue. At long-term use the drug in high doses may develop encephalopathy (brain diseases associated with the accumulation of bismuth in the central nervous system, characterized by its degenerative changes).

Contraindications. Express violation kidney function, pregnancy, breastfeeding. The drug is not prescribed to children.

Release form. Tablets of 0.12 g of bismuth subcitrate.

Storage conditions. In tightly closed packages, protected from light.

Gastrofarm (Gastropharm)

Pharmachologic effect. Combined preparation containing dried bacterial bodies of Lactobacillus Bulgaricus and their waste products, protein (25-30%), sucrose. Stimulates the processes of regeneration (recovery) in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, regulates the functions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute phase; chronic gastritis (inflammation of the stomach) in the acute phase.

Method of application and dose. Assign inside 1-2 tablets 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. If necessary, the dose is increased to 8-12 tablets per day. The course of treatment is 30 days.

Side effect. Not found.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Release form. Tablets in a package of 6 pieces.

Storage conditions. In a dry place.

DALARGIN (Dalarginum)

Pharmachologic effect. From pharmacological properties dalargin most attention deserve its antisecretory (suppressing the secretion of digestive juices) activity, the ability to accelerate the healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers, as well as hypotensive (reducing blood pressure) action.

Indications for use. The drug is recommended for use as remedy with exacerbations of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.

Dalargin is also used in complex therapy obliterating diseases lower extremities(diseases associated with impaired blood flow through the arteries of the lower extremities) and alcoholism.

Method of application and dose. With peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, dallargin is prescribed intravenously or intramuscularly. Single dose 0.001 g (1 mg). Intramuscularly administered in 1 ml, and intravenously - in 5-10 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution. Intramuscular injections do 2 times, and intravenous 1 time per day. One-time if necessary

the dose is increased to 0.002 g (2 mg), daily (intramuscularly) - up to 5 mg. The course of treatment lasts 3-4 weeks. The total dose of the drug for the course of treatment is 30-50 mg.

With severe pain symptoms, it is possible to simultaneously prescribe antacids (reducing the acidity of the stomach) agents.

A positive effect of dalargin (slow intravenous injection of 1 mg in 10 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution) on the mental functions of patients with alcoholism was also noted.

Solutions for injection are prepared immediately before use.

Side effect. Dalargin injections are usually well tolerated; possible decrease in blood pressure.

Contraindications. The drug should not be used during pregnancy and severe hypotension (low blood pressure).

Release form. Lyophilized (dehydrated by freezing in a vacuum) powder or porous mass in ampoules of 0.001 g (1 mg) in a package of 5 pieces.

Storage conditions. List B. In a place protected from light at a temperature not exceeding +20 ° C.

FLAKARBIN (Flacarbinum)

Pharmachologic effect. A combined drug that has an antispasmodic (relieves spasms), capillary-strengthening (strengthening the walls of the smallest blood vessels), anti-inflammatory effect.

Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.

Method of application and dose. Inside the granules, "/2 teaspoons 3 times a day before meals, drinking"/2 cups of warm water. Course - 3-4 weeks.

Side effects and contraindications. Not identified.

Release form. Granules in bottles of 100 g. 100 g contains: licuraside and quercetin - 2 g each, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and pectin - 10 g each, glucose - 76 g.

Storage conditions. In a dry place protected from light.

When gastroenterologists diagnose elevated level acidity in the patient, it becomes a natural practice to prescribe enveloping agents for the stomach and intestines. Such drugs, by creating an additional layer on the walls of organs, not only protect them from adverse effects, but also contribute to rapid pain relief.

When are coating agents used?

The composition of preparations with enveloping properties includes components that, interacting with H2O, create colloids and suspensions. The main effect of both natural elements and chemical ones is the same - they reduce the susceptibility of nerve endings, protecting against negative impacts. Indications for the appointment of such funds are:

• The presence of heartburn.
• Various gastritis and ulcer pathology.
• enteritis and colitis.
• Diagnosis of pancreatitis.
• Impact chemical substances, which led to a burn of the gastric mucosa and other pathologies.

The main property of enveloping preparations for the stomach is practically complete absence their absorption, as a result of which they do not penetrate into the blood. Therefore, it is possible to use both natural components, as well as their synthesized analogues.

Natural and pharmaceutical preparations

If we consider natural ingredients, used to envelop the organ, almost everyone has starch and its components in the composition. To such natural preparations include:

• flax-seed;
• licorice root;
• starch obtained from potatoes and corn;
• oatmeal, oats;
• comfrey plant.

AT traditional medicine these funds are actively used in the treatment of gastritis and ulcerative pathology, since they have proven themselves to be a quick elimination pain and inflammatory processes. One oatmeal is worth something - if you cook such porridge on water, you can not only control weight, but also help your stomach.

However, a certain difficulty arises here - substances penetrate into the intestines later than into the stomach. That is why it is recommended to complex treatment using folk recipes against the backdrop of pharmaceutical therapy. Today, the pharmaceutical industry provides the consumer with a variety of coating products. Particularly in demand are:

• White magnesia, the main component of which is magnesium carbonate.
• aluminum hydroxide.
• Almagel and Phosphalugel.
• Vikair.
• Sucralfate.

Some simple recipes

If there is a problem with the stomach, heartburn torments, but there is neither time nor energy to run to the pharmacy, you can use simple recipes of traditional medicine:

• Starch is diluted in warm water before use, for 100 ml of liquid take one big spoon substances. Such a drink is an excellent protector of the gastric layer.
• Flax seeds in a warm liquid secrete mucus, that is what should be used for treatment. Preparing the solution is simple - pour a small spoonful of seeds into 250 ml of boiling water and keep on fire for another 15 minutes, then filter and drink the warm solution 60 minutes before eating.
• You can use spotted orchis, which includes starch, mucus. For a healing broth, 5 grams of the root are crushed, the powder is poured into a thermos, 200 ml of boiling water is poured, insisted for three hours, then boiled for 10 minutes, the composition is filtered and taken 70 ml before meals three times a day.
• Althea root is also effective, to prepare a drink, the root is crushed to a powder, 10 grams of which is poured into 250 ml of boiling water in a thermos. After the remedy is infused, it is taken 10 ml before meals up to four times a day.