Thermal burn 3rd degree treatment. Prognosis for recovery from burns. Protective dressings for burns.

A 3rd degree burn may result from exposure of the skin to boiling liquid or steam, which is classified as type A, or from contact with an open flame, concentrated chemical compounds, electric shock or hot metal (type B). But the difference between both types is not so much in the type of damaging substances, but in the degree of damage to the skin. Thus, type A burns of the 3rd degree are superficial wounds, and type B is characterized by damage to the dermis, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and even muscle fibers.

For successful and effective it is necessary to correctly assess the area and depth of tissue damage. Visual examination and subjective sensations of the patient help the doctor determine the type of burn and select the optimal set of therapeutic measures.

So, a 3A degree burn is characterized by prolonged severe pain syndrome since the nerve endings are not affected. The surface of the burnt skin heterogeneous structure, differs in burgundy or bright red color, numerous blisters filled with liquid are observed along the edges of the wound.

Pain in a 3rd degree type B burn disappears after 20-30 minutes. This is due to a deeper penetration of thermal energy into the layers of the skin and the destruction nerve cells at the site of injury. The blisters are usually covered with a crust, the edges of the wound are framed by hanging patches of skin. With burn shock, the victim has a sharp increase in blood pressure, which is replaced a little later by a decrease in indicators to critical levels.

First aid for 3rd degree burns

It should be noted right away that such wounds are not amenable to self-treatment at home, however, the timely provision of first aid will greatly facilitate further treatment and help avoid possible complications. What can others do before health workers arrive?

• First of all, you need to exclude further contact with the heat source as soon as possible and move the victim to a safe place.
• If possible, the burned area of ​​the body should be elevated to reduce blood flow and prevent the spread of toxins throughout the body.
• The burn site should be covered with a sterile napkin or clean cloth, which will help to avoid infection and the formation of purulent inflammation.

The desire to provide all possible assistance to a victim with a 3rd degree burn often leads to an aggravation of his condition, so it is important to remember the following rules:

• Pain medications will not provide relief for third-degree burns, but can seriously complicate further diagnosis.
• The wound should not be treated with any medicinal substances, including applying ice or rinsing the burned area with water.
• No need to try to remove clothes and underwear from the victim, as there is a risk of damaging even larger areas of the skin.

If the casualty is unconscious, provide an airway fresh air, turn your head to the side and control your pulse and breathing until the ambulance arrives. Timely provided complex of emergency measures will help the victim to avoid complications and may even save his life.

Therapeutic measures

Treatment of burns of the 3rd degree is carried out exclusively in a hospital under the supervision of a specialist. Effects self-treatment too serious to neglect medical attention. Scarring, low joint mobility, incomplete recovery of body functions, the occurrence of sepsis - this is an incomplete list of complications caused by unskilled treatment.

Burns of this intensity can lead to respiratory, cardiovascular, immune, endocrine system, cause disturbances in the functioning of the kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract.

It should be remembered that in some cases, treatment involves surgical intervention, so you should unquestioningly follow all the recommendations of the attending physician and not shy away from hospitalization.

During the visit, write down the name of the new diagnosis and any new medications, procedures, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you for your child. Know why a new drug or treatment is being prescribed and how it will help your child. Also know what is side effects. Ask if your child's condition can be treated in other ways. Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what results may matter. Know what to expect if your child is not taking medication or does not have a test or procedure. If your child has a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose of that visit. Know how you can contact your child's provider after business hours. This is important if your child gets sick and you have questions or need advice.

• Know the reason for the visit and what you want.
• Before visiting, write down the questions you want answered.

Burns usually occur by direct or indirect contact with heat, electric current, radiation, or chemical agents.

Treat burns of 3 degrees begin with painkillers. Analgesics in most cases do not bring the patient relief from pain, therefore, stronger medications type "Promedol" or "Morphine". However, the use narcotic drugs can lead to anaphylactic shock, therefore, together with them, the appointment of “Suprastil”, “Dimedrol” or other similar antihistamines. For removal inflammatory processes and accelerating skin regeneration, hormonal preparations can be prescribed.

Thermal damage to the skin of the 3rd degree is often accompanied by increased excitability, so the patient must take sedatives and sedatives. In case of intoxication of the body and for the prevention of dehydration, droppers are prescribed with appropriate medicinal solutions. In some cases, antibiotics or tetanus toxoid are additionally prescribed. In addition, the wound is treated with anti-burn drugs, it is cleaned of mucus, pus and dead skin.

Surgical treatment of burns

If, with a vast area of ​​skin lesions, with deep burn wounds, the body's ability to self-repair may not be enough, despite all medical measures, then only a skin transplant or other types of surgical intervention. In case of serious burn lesions of the skin, several types of operations are performed:

• Decompression operations are performed with deep tissue lesions that can lead to subfascial edema.
• Necrectomy cleans the wound of necrotic tissue, and amputation of limbs also belongs to the same type of operations.
• So that the wound after healing can look as aesthetically pleasing as possible, to get rid of rough scars, to eliminate cosmetic defects, dermatoplasty is performed.

Rehabilitation activities

Skin burns of the 3rd degree bring victims not only physical injuries. Psychological trauma associated with amputation, disfigurement of the face or other exposed areas of the body, depressive states require complex physical and psychotherapeutic rehabilitation. The plan of such measures is developed by physicians individually for each patient, depending on his condition and capabilities.

Below you can see in pictures what a third stage skin lesion looks like.

A thermal burn is called not only damage to tissues by an open flame, but also injuries from exposure to hot steam, boiling water, burning liquid. This includes exposure to hot objects and sun rays. Thermal burns are among the most common injuries. They rank second in the number of deaths.

The severity of the resulting burn depends on the extent of the injury. They are classified based on pathological tissue damage. Depending on this, burns are superficial: 1, 2 and 3 degrees and deep: 3 and 4 degrees.

Today, our focus is on second and third degree thermal burns, treatment, first aid, the possibility of using means traditional medicine. Let's talk about all this in more detail:

Thermal burn second degree

The second degree is characterized by the appearance of blisters on the skin, against the background of pronounced redness, swelling of the tissues. bubbles different size filled with liquid content. The deeper layers of the epidermis are not damaged at this degree. In a second-degree thermal burn, the top layer of skin is easily peeled off, revealing a pinkish-red, moist, very painful wound surface. severe pain usually felt the first 2-3 days. As the injury heals, the pain subsides.

Third degree thermal burn

This degree is characterized by the development of necrosis of all layers of the epidermis. A thin scab appears on the surface of the thermal injury, usually brownish or light gray in color. Thick-walled suppurating blisters may also occur. At the site of direct damage, pain sensitivity is practically absent, or significantly reduced. These types of burns are prone to suppuration, so healing takes longer, complications may occur.

First aid

The first step is to eliminate the impact high temperature then cool the damaged area cold water at least 5-10 minutes. At the same time, a second-degree burn (as well as a first-degree burn) is affected by running water. In the third degree, a soft, sterile bandage is first applied and only after that it is cooled, using not running, but standing water. Never use ice for cooling!

After that, apply a non-tight, dry, sterile bandage to the damaged area. Lay the victim down, give him a drink, give him complete rest. Drink it often with plain clean water.

Further assistance depends on the extent of the damage. For example, 1st and 2nd degree burns that do not have complications can be successfully treated at home using special means(Panthenol, for example!).

More severe degrees, as well as injuries aggravated by complications, should be treated by a doctor, often in a hospital, since the victim needs antitetanus serum and special treatment of thermal injuries. Therefore, with a deep lesion, you should call ambulance.

Treatment of thermal burns

Grade 2 damage:

First of all, the wound is anesthetized with a solution of Promedol or Pantopon, then it is cleaned, washed warm water, a solution of ammonia, antiseptic solutions, eliminating, thereby scraps of skin, foreign inclusions. If there is no desquamation of the epidermis, the skin around the wound is treated with alcohol.

3rd degree burns:

This degree is characterized by frequent suppuration, which is fraught with serious complications: the death of skin derivatives, as well as the development of granulating wounds. Therefore, the treatment consists in the timely, regular cleansing of the wound from dead tissue using the means to eliminate the wound infection, which we have listed above. Dressings are done daily or every other day. At the same time, the wet necrotic scab is gradually cleaned off. If the scab is dry, it is not removed, since epithelialization can occur under it.

Alternative treatment

Shake or shake well a raw egg, then apply a mixture of protein and yolk to the burned area.

To relieve pain, you can make lotions from strained infusions. medicinal plants: coltsfoot, clover, oak bark. Or use strained strong black or green tea for this. Then apply a sterile dressing.

remember, that folk remedies can only be used for superficial burns. It is also important to know that any treatment of thermal injuries can only be carried out after the affected area has completely cooled down. Be healthy!

Svetlana, www.site
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