Who needs a sputum test and when? Rules for collecting sputum for research Sputum collection is a general bacteriological analysis.
Bacteriological examination of sputum makes it possible to detect pathogens of various diseases. The presence of tuberculosis mycobacteria in the sputum is important for the diagnosis. Sputum for tank - research for sowing is collected in a sterile dish (wide-mouthed). The dishes are issued by the tank - laboratory.
ATTENTION!!!
If there is not enough sputum, it can be collected up to 3 days, keeping it in a cool place.
Sputum on the tank - sowing in tuberculosis patients for the reliability of the result is collected within 3 days, in different sterile containers (3 jars).
If it is necessary to prescribe antibiotics, sputum is examined for sensitivity to them. To do this, the patient in the morning, after rinsing his mouth, coughs and spits sputum several times (2-3 times) into a sterile Petri dish, which is immediately sent to the laboratory.
ATTENTION!!!
Give clear instructions to the patient about the use of sterile utensils to collect sputum for analysis:
a) do not touch the edges of the dishes with your hands
b) do not touch the edges with your mouth
c) after expectoration of sputum, immediately close the container with a lid.
THEN item 7
To the tank - laboratory
Sputum for microflora and
sensitivity to
antibiotics (a/b)
Sidorov S.S. 70 years old
3/IV–00 signed m/s
Sputum analysis for bacteriological examination.
Target: to ensure high-quality preparation for the study and timely receipt of the result.
Training: informing and educating the patient.
Equipment: sterile jar (spittoon), direction.
Execution sequence:
Explain to the patient (family member) the meaning and necessity of the upcoming study and obtain his consent to the study.
A) in stationary conditions:
briefing and provision of laboratory glassware to be carried out the night before;
B) in outpatient and inpatient settings explain to the patient the features of preparation:
brush your teeth thoroughly the night before;
in the morning after sleep, rinse your mouth thoroughly with boiled water
Instruct the patient on how to handle sterile laboratory glassware and how to collect sputum:
Cough, open the lid of the jar (spittoon) and spit out sputum without touching the edges of the jar;
Close the lid immediately.
Ask the patient to repeat all the information, ask questions about the technique of preparation and collection of sputum.
Indicate the consequences of violating the nurse's recommendations.
A) on an outpatient basis:
Give a direction for the study by filling it out in the form;
Explain to the patient where and at what time he (the family) should bring the bank and referral.
B) in a hospital setting:
Indicate the place and time where to bring the jar (spittoon);
Deliver the collected material to the bacteriological laboratory no later than 1.5 - 2.0 hours after the collection of the material.
Storage of material even in cold conditions is unacceptable!
Taking feces for analysis.
A great help in recognizing a number of diseases, including gastrointestinal ones, is the study of feces. Determination of the main properties of feces by examination makes it possible to draw a number of diagnostic conclusions and is available to the sister.
The daily amount of feces in a healthy person depends on the quality and quantity of food, and on average is 100 - 120 g. If absorption is impaired and the rate of movement through the intestines is increased (enteritis), the amount of feces can reach 2500 g, with constipation, feces are very small.
Fine- bowel movements are performed once a day, usually at the same time.
ATTENTION!!!
For research, it is better to take feces after an independent act of defecation in the form in which it is excreted.
bacteriologically
macroscopically
Kal explore microscopically
chemically
Macroscopically determined:
A) color, density (consistency)
B) shape, smell, impurities
Color–fine
with mixed food - yellowish-brown, brown;
with meat - dark brown;
with milk - yellow or light yellow;
the newborn is greenish-yellow.
REMEMBER!!! The color of feces can change:
Fruits, berries (blueberries, currants, cherries, poppies, etc.) - in a dark color.
Vegetables (beets, carrots, etc.) - in a dark color.
Medicinal substances (salts of bismuth, iron, iodine) - in black.
The presence of blood gives the feces a black color.
Consistency(density) feces are soft.
In various pathological conditions, feces can be:
semi-liquid
putty (clayey), often gray color and depends on a significant admixture of undigested fat.
mushy
moderately dense
The shape of the feces- Normally cylindrical or sausage-shaped.
With spasms of the intestines, feces can be ribbon-like or in the form of dense balls (sheep feces).
Smell of feces depends on the composition of the food and the intensity of the processes of fermentation and decay. Meat food gives a pungent odor. Dairy - sour.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution higher education
"CRIMEAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY
named after V.I. VERNADSKY"
(FGAOU VO "KFU named after V.I. Vernadsky)
(structural subdivision)
FGAOU VO "KFU im. IN AND. VERNADSKY"
Lecture №16
Topic
MDK 04.03. Technology for the provision of medical services.
Teacher Chaplina Galina Yurievna
Considered and approved at the meeting
Methodological Commission
clinical disciplines No. 1
Protocol No. __ dated _________
Chairman of the CMC No. 1 Lavrova E.A. _________
Simferopol 2015
Lecture №16
Topic : « Laboratory methods research.
Collection of sputum for laboratory research»
Laboratory research are of great importance:
To make a diagnosis,
To control the nature of the course of the disease,
For the effectiveness of treatment and assessment of the state of the body.
general information about the study:
At healthy people sputum is not excreted. Normally, the glands of the large bronchi and trachea constantly form a secret in an amount of up to 100 ml / day, which is swallowed during excretion. The tracheobronchial secret is a mucus, which includes glycoproteins, immunoglobulins, bactericidal proteins, cellular elements (macrophages, lymphocytes, desquamated bronchial epithelial cells) and some other substances. This secret has a bactericidal effect, helps to eliminate inhaled small particles and cleanse the bronchi. In diseases of the trachea, bronchi and lungs, the formation of mucus increases, which is expectorated in the form of sputum. Smokers without signs of respiratory diseases also produce copious sputum.
Phlegm - pathological discharge of the respiratory system, released when coughing.
Results of laboratory studies depend on how correctly the material is collected and delivered to the laboratory. Persons caring for the patient must ensure the cleanliness of the dishes in which sputum, urine, feces are collected, the competent preparation of the patient for the collection of material and its timely transportation to the destination. A label should be pasted on the dishes, indicating the surname, name, patronymic of the patient, address, purpose of the study and date of sampling.
General requirements to collect sputum :
one). Research should be carried out wherever possible. fresh sputum obtained by morning coughing;
2). When there is very little sputum, it is collected during few hours , but
for special methods tests collect sputum within 1-3 days (by doctor's prescription);
3). The patient must spitting mucus into a spittoon - a dark glass jar with a tightly screwed lid;
Front taking sputum for research, the spittoon should be washed with soap, boiled for 15-20 minutes and cooled. It should not get foreign impurities, such as food debris, vomit; water should not be poured into it.
4). In children who do not know how to cough up sputum and swallow it, proceed as follows:
-irritating with a cotton swab wrapped around the handle of a teaspoon, region of the root of the tongue and rear wall pharynx , cause a cough reflex; the resulting sputum is collected with the same swab and placed in a spittoon.
The same has to be done with very weak patients who do not have the power to cough up phlegm.
5). Morning sputum collected for examination should be delivered to the laboratory no later than 1-1.5 hours . At the same time, conditions must be created excluding its cooling during transportation . Otherwise, sputum will quickly change its qualities, the composition of microbial colonies, which will most adversely affect the results of the study, distorting them.
6).According to special purpose the doctor sends the entire volume of sputum for the specified number of days to the laboratory. In this case, patients should be warned about the need to spit all expectorant sputum into the jar, and not swallow it after coughing.
notify the local doctor immediately or call ambulance
General clinical analysis sputum
Purpose of the study: determination of physical, chemical and microscopic properties sputum.
For diagnostics pathological process in the lungs and airways;
to assess the nature of the pathological process in the respiratory organs;
for dynamic status monitoring respiratory tract patients with chronic diseases respiratory organs;
to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy.
At clinical trial sputum are analyzed such indicators:
The amount of sputum
Character,
Consistency,
The presence of impurities
cellular composition,
The number of fibers
The presence of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) is determined,
Equipment. A clean, dry, clear glass jar with a large opening and a tight-fitting lid; referral to the clinical laboratory
Sputum collection rules:
1. The night before, the patient is warned that in the morning from 6.00 to 7.00, without taking food, water, medicines, he rinses his mouth with boiled water, and then coughs well and, having coughed up sputum, spit it on the bottom of the jar, close the jar with a lid and put it in certain place in the sanitary room.
2. Sputum is sent to the laboratory before work begins (from 7.00 to 8.00).
3. Upon receipt of the result, it is glued into the medical history.
Bacteriological examination of sputum
Purpose of the study: determination of microflora in sputum and its sensitivity to antibiotics
Equipment: A sterile glass jar made of light transparent glass with a lid or a sterile Petri dish wrapped in kraft paper, sent to a bacteriological laboratory
1. Invite the patient to brush their teeth on an empty stomach in the morning, rinse their mouth with a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate, then cough and spit out the sputum into a sterile Petri dish or glass jar.
2. Explain to the patient that while spitting out sputum, he should not touch the edges sterile dishes hands and lips, and the dishes should be immediately closed with a sterile lid.
3. In the next 2 hours, send the biomaterial to the laboratory in accordance with the requirements of the sanitary and anti-epidemic regime.
4. Disinfect the container, rubber gloves.
5. Wash and dry your hands.
6. Make a note on the patient's examination sheet.
Note : the study is carried out before the appointment of antibiotic therapy.
Taking sputum for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Target. Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Indications. Suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Equipment. Sterile dry jar with tight-fitting lid.
Sputum collection technique for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1. The night before, the patient is warned about the upcoming test as follows: “Tomorrow from 6.00 am you need to start collecting sputum for the test. Sputum for the study assigned to you is collected within a day. This means that all the sputum that you cough up must be spit into this jar. Please keep the jar in a cool place and close the lid tightly. It is necessary to show the patient the place where the jar of sputum will be stored during the day.
2. Collected sputum sent to the bacteriological laboratory.
3. The result of the study is pasted into medical card inpatient.
Notes. If the patient has little sputum and it will not be enough for research, then sputum can be collected within 3 days, keeping in a cool place.
To facilitate the expectoration of sputum, you can use the following tricks:
Slowly (sip) drink warm boiled water.
Breathe deeply.
Do a few squats or swings with your arms.
Tap on the chest.
It is allowed to use expectorant drugs (bromhexine, halixol, ambrobene, mukaltin) 1-3 hours before sputum collection and the day before.
In some cases, as prescribed by a doctor, if the patient does not have sputum even after using mucolytic agents, offer him to open his mouth wide with a syringe, pour in 2-3 ml of a sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution. The solution partially enters the respiratory tract, the patient coughs it up and spits it out into a sterile dish.
Caregivers need to know:
Persons caring for the sick, especially those with inflammatory
respiratory diseases, care must be taken to ensure that patients do not spit sputum on the floor or into a handkerchief, as germs in sputum become airborne and inhaled by others, which can lead to transmission of infection. It should be strictly required that the patient use a spittoon, observe the anti-epidemic regimen. To disinfect sputum, a 5% solution of carbolic acid, a 2% solution of potassium permanganate or a 3% solution of chloramine are poured onto the bottom of the spittoon.
The appearance of streaks in the sputum or a large number blood indicates pulmonary hemorrhage, which is dangerous complication lung diseases. Seeing this, carers should immediately inform the local doctor or call an ambulance.
Throat swab
Target. The study of microflora from the pharynx
Indications:
This type laboratory research is prescribed in such cases:
with suspicion of diphtheria;
to identify the carrier of the pathogen (for example, medical staff maternity ward tested for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus).
for suspected viral and bacterial infections in order to determine the type of pathogen, as well as to determine its sensitivity to antibiotics.
Equipment. A sterile test tube with a stopper and a rod passed through it with a cotton swab at the end, marked with the letter "З"; referral to a bacteriological laboratory; tripod.
1. Examine the oral cavity. Pay attention to the tongue, tonsils, pharynx. Determine the place of taking the separated for research.
2. Carefully holding the stopper, remove the rod from the test tube without touching its outer walls and surrounding objects. The test tube is placed in a tripod.
3. With the left hand I, II and III take a spatula with fingers. Ask the patient to open his mouth. The tongue is pressed with a spatula, a swab is inserted into the oral cavity and the discharge is removed from a certain place.
4. Carefully and quickly remove the swab from the oral cavity and, without touching the outer walls of the test tube and surrounding objects, lower it into the test tube.
5. In the direction indicate the time of taking the discharge.
6. The tube with the direction is delivered to the laboratory no later than 2 hours from the moment of sampling.
7. The result of the study is glued into the medical history.
Nose swab.
Target. Study of the microflora of the nose.
Indications.(see throat swab)
Equipment. A sterile test tube with a stopper and a rod passed through it with a cotton swab at the end, marked with the letter "H"; referral to a bacteriological laboratory; tripod.
Nose swab technique:
1. The patient is seated (lay down), asked to tilt his head back slightly.
2. The test tube is taken from the rack with the left hand, and the rod with the swab is removed with the right hand. This must be done carefully, without touching the surrounding objects with a swab.
3. Place the test tube in a rack.
4. With the left hand, lift the tip of the patient's nose, and right lungs Rotational movements introduce a tampon into the lower nasal passage on one side, and then on the other to a depth of 1.5 - 2.0 cm.
5. Remove the swab and quickly lower it into the test tube without touching its outer walls.
6. Send the test tube to the bacteriological laboratory, indicating the time of taking the smear.
Note. The swab must be delivered to the laboratory no later than 2 hours after taking.
Literature
Laboratory and instrumental research in diagnostics: Handbook / Per. from English. V. Yu. Khalatova; under. ed. V. N. Titov. - M.: GEOTAR-MED, 2004. - S. 960 .
Nazarenko GI, Kishkun A. Clinical evaluation of laboratory results. - M.: Medicine, 2000. - S. 84-87.
Roitberg G. E., Strutinsky A. V. Internal diseases. Respiratory system. M.: Binom, 2005. - S. 464.
Kincaid-Smith P., Larkins R., Whelan G. Problems in clinical medicine. - Sydney: MacLennan and Petty, 1990, 105-108.
1. Get a sterile wide-mouthed glass container with a kraft paper lid from the bacteriological laboratory, mark it.
2. Issue a referral
3. Transport sputum with direction to the bacteriological laboratory in a sealed container no later than 1-1.5 hours after collection.
PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT FOR ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY (LIVER, GALL BLADDER, PANCREAS, SPLEEN, KIDNEYS)
Ultrasound examination of organs abdominal cavity- this instrumental method study of parenchymal organs (liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas), based on the reflection of ultrasonic waves from the boundaries of tissues with different densities.
Via ultrasound it is possible to determine the size and structure of the abdominal organs, diagnostics pathological changes(stones, tumors, cysts).
The advantage of this method is its harmlessness and safety for the patient, the possibility of conducting research in any condition of the patient, and immediate results.
Indications: 1) diagnosis of diseases of the abdominal organs .
Contraindications: no.
Workplace equipment: 1) activated carbon tablets 40 pieces. 2) towel, sheet; 3) sorbitol - 20 gr; 4) referral for research; 5) outpatient card or medical history.
Preparatory stage performing the manipulation.
1. Conduct a conversation with the patient about the need for research, the course of the study and obtain consent
2. Issue a referral to the ultrasound examination room, indicating the research method, the patient's full name, age, address or case history number, diagnosis, date.
3. Instruct the patient in preparation for the study according to the following plan:
exclude gas-producing foods from the diet for three days before the study: vegetables, fruits, dairy and yeast products, black bread, legumes, fruit juices;
for flatulence, take as directed by a doctor Activated carbon(4 tablets 3 times a day) or espumizan (2 capsules 3 times a day) for 2 days (do not take tablet laxatives);
warn the patient about the need to conduct the study on an empty stomach, the last meal at 18 00 on the eve of the study;
warn about the undesirability of smoking before the study, because. it causes contraction of the gallbladder;
4. On the evening before the study, put a cleansing enema (for constipation)
5. On the day of the study, by the appointed hour, take the patient to the ultrasound room with a medical history, taking a towel or sheet.
6. Help the patient lie on his back.
7. The study is conducted by a doctor. When examining the contractility of the gallbladder, after the initial examination, a sorbitol solution of 20 grams per glass of water is taken. Re-inspection is carried out after 50-60 minutes.
8. After the examination, take the patient to the ward.
PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT FOR FIBROGASTRODUODENOSCOPY (FGDS)
Fibrogastroduodenoscopy is an instrumental method for examining the esophagus, stomach and 12 duodenal ulcer using a flexible fiber optic gastroscope.
Diagnostic value method: this method allows you to assess the lumen and condition of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, the condition of the mucous membrane, stomach and duodenum 12 - color, the presence of erosions, ulcers, neoplasms. Study the relief in detail, i.e. nature, height, width of the folds of the gastric mucosa.
With the help of additional methods, acidity can be determined gastric juice, if necessary, perform targeted biopsy for morphological examination.
FGDS is also used in medicinal purposes: performing a polypectomy, stopping bleeding, topical application medicinal substances.
Contraindications: 1) narrowing of the esophagus; 2) diverticula of the esophagus; 3) pathological processes in the mediastinum, displacing the esophagus (aortic aneurysm, enlarged left atrium); 4) pronounced kyphoscoliosis.
Materials subject to bacteriological examination are collected in sterile dishes, accompanied by a label with the name of the subject and the name of the material. In the accompanying document (direction), it is necessary to indicate which department sends the material, full name. and age of the patient, proposed diagnosis, antibiotic therapy, date and hour of sampling.
The material is delivered in containers, excluding their overturning. During transportation, wetting of cotton plugs and freezing of the material are not allowed. The material is delivered within 1-2 hours after taking. If it is impossible to deliver within the specified time, the biomaterial is stored in a refrigerator (except for blood and material examined for the presence of meningococcus). If the sample delivery time is increased to 48 hours, transport media must be used.
Sampling procedures should be described by the microbiologist in special instruction. Laboratory staff conducts initial training for all staff on compliance with sampling.
Samples delivered to the laboratory should be placed in a place specially designated for receiving biomaterial. Upon receipt, laboratory workers are responsible for monitoring compliance with the correct delivery of samples. Delivery of the material to the laboratory by the examined persons is strictly prohibited.
In case of non-compliance with the conditions, the samples are not subject to processing - this is reported to the attending physician, and the studies are repeated.
General requirements for sampling and transportation of samples:
Knowledge optimal timing to take material for research;
Taking material taking into account the place of maximum localization of the pathogen by isolating it into environment;
Selection of material for research in the necessary and sufficient volume with the provision of conditions that exclude contamination of samples;
If possible, taking the material before the use of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic drugs or after the abolition of antibiotics after 2-3 days.
Microbiological examination of blood
The procedural nurse or laboratory assistant takes blood from the patient in treatment room or in the ward - depending on the condition of the patient. It is recommended to take blood for culture before the start of antibiotic therapy or 12-24 hours after the last administration of the drug to the patient.
Sowing is carried out during the rise in temperature. It is recommended to take blood 2-4 times a day, in case of acute sepsis - 2-3 samples from different places within 10 minutes. If the patient has a permanent subclavian catheter or system in a vein, they can be used to obtain blood only for 3 days, since catheter contamination occurs. A small amount of blood is allowed to drain freely into the test tube, then blood is drawn into the syringe for culture. Blood cultures are performed over an alcohol lamp.
Blood is taken from adults in the amount of 5-20 ml, and from children - 1-15 ml, from a syringe without a needle over an alcohol lamp, it is inoculated into vials with a nutrient medium in the ratio of blood and medium 1:10. The blood vials are delivered to the laboratory immediately.
Microbiological examination of urine
Examine, as a rule, the morning portion of urine. Before taking, a toilet of the external genital organs is carried out. When urinating, the first portion of urine is not used. In the second urination, starting from its middle, urine is collected in a sterile container in the amount of 3-10 ml, tightly closed with a sterile stopper. It is advisable to deliver urine samples to the laboratory immediately. In the absence of such an opportunity, urine can be stored at room temperature for 1-2 hours, but not more than 24 hours (at a temperature of 4 ° C) after taking.
Microbiological examination of feces
At infectious diseases(typhoparatyphoid, AII, dysentery) and nosocomial infections gastrointestinal tract the material is taken from the first hours and days of the patient's admission to the start of antibiotic therapy. Samples are taken at least 2 times.
Feces for sowing are taken immediately after defecation. The collection is carried out from a vessel, a pot, a diaper, which are thoroughly disinfected and washed many times beforehand. hot water. From the dishes, feces are taken with a sterile spatula or stick into sterile jars with a lid, test tubes. The samples taken include pathological impurities (pus, mucus, flakes). If it is impossible to obtain bowel movements, the material is taken directly from the rectum using rectal swabs. The swab is moistened in saline and injected 8-10 cm, and then placed in sterile test tubes. Feces are delivered to the laboratory no later than 1-2 hours after collection. The material can be stored at a temperature of 2-6 °C for 24 hours.
Microbiological examination of cerebrospinal fluid
It is desirable to take cerebrospinal fluid before the start of antibiotic therapy - in a sterile tube with a lid in the amount of 1-3 ml. The material is delivered to the laboratory, where immediately, while the cerebrospinal fluid is warm, it is analyzed. If this is not possible, liquor can be stored at a temperature of 37 ° C in a thermostat for 2-3 hours.
During transportation, the liquor is carefully protected from cooling using heating pads, a thermos.
Microbiological examination of pus, biopsy of abscess walls
The test material in the maximum amount is taken with a sterile syringe and delivered to the laboratory immediately with a closed needle or can be stored in the refrigerator for 2 hours.
Microbiological examination of sputum
The patient brushes his teeth before coughing, rinses his mouth and throat with boiled water. Sputum is collected in a sterile jar or vial with a lid; if it is poorly separated, it is recommended to prescribe expectorants the day before or the patient is allowed to inhale 25 ml of a 3-10% saline solution through a nebulizer.
Sputum can be stored for 2 hours at room temperature and for 24 hours in the refrigerator. When collecting sputum, the patient should not mix mucus and saliva in the mouth. Sputum, consisting of saliva and food particles, is not examined.
Microbiological examination of nasopharyngeal mucus, purulent discharge of the tonsils, discharged from the nose
The material is taken on an empty stomach or not earlier than 2-4 hours after a meal. The root of the tongue is pressed down with a spatula. The material is taken with a sterile swab, without touching the tongue, cheek mucosa and teeth.
When examining nasopharyngeal mucus for meningococcus, a curved sterile cotton swab is used. It is inserted end-up behind the soft palate into the nasopharynx and carried out 3 times along the back wall. In patients with tonsillitis, if diphtheria is suspected, the material is taken from the tonsils with a dry swab, in the presence of raids, it should be taken from the border of healthy and affected tissues, lightly pressing them with a swab. The material on dry swabs is delivered to the laboratory within 2 hours in bags with heating pads.
In whooping cough and parawhooping cough, nasopharyngeal mucus, nasopharyngeal lavage, transtrachelic aspirates are examined. While fixing the patient's head, a tampon is inserted into the nostril up to the choanae and left there for 15-30 seconds, then removed and placed in a sterile tube. When collecting material from the mouth, the swab is inserted behind the soft palate, trying not to touch the tongue and tonsils. Remove the mucus from the back of the pharynx, carefully remove the swab, which is placed in a sterile test tube.
Preparing the Patient for sputum collection for examination
Phlegm is a pathological secret of the respiratory tract. in the diagnosis of diseases respiratory system an important place is occupied by the study of sputum, which makes it possible to judge the nature of the pathological process.
In a general clinical examination of sputum, it is determined physical and chemical properties And cellular composition. In bacteriological examination of sputum, the causative agent of the pathological process is identified, and an antibiotic is selected that is effective for this pathogen.
Indications: 1) to ensure the reliability of the diagnosis of diseases of the respiratory system.
Workplace equipment: 1) marked wide-mouthed glass container with a lid for collecting sputum; 2) referral to the laboratory. 3) a container for transporting biomaterials.
Collection of sputum for general clinical examination
Preparatory stage of the manipulation.
1. Inform the patient about the upcoming study, goals. Obtain consent for research.
2. Warn the patient that the material is collected in the morning after a night's sleep, on an empty stomach.
3. Issue a referral to the laboratory according to the sample:
4. Teach the patient how to treat the oral cavity:
a) in the morning 1.5 - 2 hours before collecting sputum, brush your teeth;
b) rinse the mouth with boiled water immediately before collecting sputum, (in case of violation of the self-care function - help the patient to carry out the toilet of the oral cavity);
5. Teach the patient how to collect sputum:
a) warn that they collect only sputum when coughing, and not saliva.
b) for this you need to take 2-3 deep breaths and exhale, and then cough up sputum.
The main stage of the manipulation.
6. Give the patient a labeled sputum collection container in the morning.
7. Offer to cough and collect sputum in this container in the amount of 3-5 ml.
8. Close the lid, place the container in a container.
The final stage performing manipulation.
9. Send sputum with a referral to the clinical laboratory no later than 2 hours after its collection.
10. Paste the results of the study into the medical history or outpatient card.
Sputum collection for atypical cells
The same, but the sputum is delivered immediately after collection. abnormal cells are rapidly destroyed.
Sputum collection bacteriological research
1. Get a sterile wide-mouth glass container with a kraft paper lid from the bacteriological laboratory, mark it.
2.Finish a referral
3. Transport sputum with direction to the bacteriological laboratory in a sealed container no later than 1-1.5 hours after collection.