Rhinopharyngitis: symptoms and treatment. Chronic rhinopharyngitis: how dangerous is the disease for children? Causes, signs, methods of struggle Diagnosis of acute rhinopharyngitis

Rhinopharyngitis is recognized as one of the most serious diseases of the nasopharynx. Why nasopharyngitis occurs, symptoms and treatment in adults, the onset of the disease during pregnancy are the main topics of this article.

Acute nasopharyngitis, what is it in adults?

The disease is acute or chronic form. Acute nasopharyngitis what is it in adults? It is characterized by an inflammatory process that occurs in the upper respiratory tract and proceeds in an acute form. It affects the mucous membranes of the pharynx, nasal passages. Rhinopharyngitis refers to diseases of an infectious nature.

The disease is very common among people around the world. About 80% of acute respiratory viral infections accompanied by nasopharyngitis. Exacerbation of the disease is observed in the spring-autumn period.

The inflammatory process in extremely rare cases proceeds in isolation. Most often, both the pharynx and nasal passages are simultaneously affected. When late or poor quality treatment the likelihood of the disease becoming chronic is high.

Rhinopharyngitis, symptoms and causes of the disease

Before you figure out what the symptoms of rhinopharyngitis and treatment in adults are, you should understand the causes of its occurrence. There are several of them:

1. bacteria. Chlamydia, staphylococci, streptococci, mycoplasmas can cause rhinopharyngitis.
2. Viruses. In 50% of cases, nasopharyngitis is caused by rhinovirus (infection mainly occurs in spring and autumn). Parainfluenza, influenza, adenoviruses, coronaviruses can also cause the onset of the disease. In winter, the most dangerous respiratory syncytial virus.
3. Allergens. In this case, the disease develops when allergens enter the respiratory tract (food, household, plant, animal origin).

When diagnosed with rhinopharyngitis, the symptoms of the disease are as follows:

• burning in the nose;
• sensation of dryness in the nasal passages;
• frequent sneezing;
• difficulty breathing through the nose;
• copious discharge from the nose;
• perspiration, sore throat;
• dry cough;
• headache;
• chills;
• general malaise, weakness;
• increased sweating.

With the progression of the disease, the symptoms intensify, become more pronounced. Discharge from the nose becomes purulent. There is a strong discomfort in the head (in particular, in the region of the bridge of the nose and forehead) when leaning forward.

Rhinopharyngitis, drug treatment

In the diagnosis of rhinopharyngitis, treatment is based on the use of nasal vasoconstrictors, antiviral drugs and antiseptic solutions. According to experts, the best among them are:

• Xylometazoline. Russian drug in the form of a spray, based on - substance of the same name xylometazoline. It is a local vasoconstrictor drug that eliminates swelling and hyperemia of the nasal mucosa. Eliminates congestion, restores normal breathing.

In the treatment of rhinopharyngitis, one injection is prescribed in each nasal passage three times a day. The permissible duration of use is a maximum of 5 days.

Approximate cost - 60 rubles per 10 ml.

• rimantadine. Russian-made antiviral drug, the active ingredient is rimantadine. It is used in the treatment of nasopharyngitis caused by various strains of influenza viruses.

Produced in the form of tablets. The drug has a specific dosage regimen:

• the first day of treatment: 6 tablets of Rimantadine 50 mg at a time;
• the second and third days of therapy: 2 tablets (100 mg) twice a day;
• fourth and fifth days of treatment: 2 tablets (100 mg) 1 time per day.

It is forbidden to drink Rimantadin for more than 5 days. Price - within 65 rubles for 20 tablets of 50 mg.

• Miramistin. A powerful Russian antiseptic in the form of a solution based on the substance benzyl dimethyl. Allows you to destroy pathogenic microorganisms, bacteria, viruses that provoke the development of rhinopharyngitis.

Available in spray bottles. Method of application: open your mouth wide, hold your breath, make 2-3 injections, completely irrigating the throat mucosa. Repeat the procedure no more than 4 times a day. The cost is about 400 rubles for a bottle of 150 ml.

Before using the presented medicines, you should consult with a specialist.

Are antibiotics allowed for rhinopharyngitis?

Antibiotics for rhinopharyngitis are allowed if the disease is bacterial form or accompanied by complications. Possible complications against the background of rhinopharyngitis are pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis. In this case, it is advisable to prescribe antibiotics of a series of penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides.

The best antibiotics used in the treatment of nasopharyngitis include:

• Amoxicillin. Russian antibiotic of the group of synthetic penicillins. The composition contains the substance amoxicillin trihydrate. Promotes inhibition of synthesis cell walls. Used in therapy infectious diseases respiratory tract.

Produced in the form of tablets. It is prescribed on a tablet three times a day. The price is about 70 rubles for 20 tablets (500 mg).

1. Amosin. Another powerful Russian antibiotic based on the substance amoxicillin trihydrate. Used in the treatment bacterial diseases upper and lower respiratory tract caused by pathogenic microorganisms sensitive to amoxicillin.

It goes on sale in the form of tablets. The optimal dosage is one tablet three times a day. The cost is within 75 rubles for 10 tablets (500 mg).

1. Azithromycin. Belongs to the group of macrolide antibiotics. Russian-made, based on the substance azithromycin. In high concentrations, it has a powerful bactericidal effect. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic. It is noted for its high efficiency in the treatment of infectious lesions of the respiratory tract.

Produced in tablet form. It is prescribed by tablet 1 time per day. The maximum allowed duration of treatment is 3 days. You can buy an antibiotic for about 100 rubles (3 tablets of 500 mg each).

It is unacceptable to use antibiotics in self-medication! It is also forbidden to take them long time(longer than 5-7 days), since antibiotic drugs destroy the beneficial intestinal microflora.

Rhinopharyngitis during pregnancy - treatment methods

If nasopharyngitis is detected during pregnancy, therapy is based on rinsing and inhalation. Moreover, it is not necessary to buy expensive inhalers at the pharmacy, you can use an ordinary pan. Doctors say that the safest and effective method inhalation with rhinopharyngitis - inhalation of potato vapors. Before starting the procedure, it is important to cool the boiled potatoes to a comfortable temperature so that the vapors do not burn the face.

Inhalation technique: take a deep breath through the mouth, exhale through the nose. Repeat 5-7 times. Then inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth. Inhalations can be carried out 3-5 times a day.

For pregnant women, gargling with an infusion of herbs is recommended. This method is not only effective, but also safe for both the health of the expectant mother and the development of the fetus. With rhinopharyngitis, it is recommended to use a solution of chamomile flowers (dried raw materials can be purchased at a pharmacy).

Method of preparation of the medicinal product: pour a couple of tablespoons of chamomile with boiling water (250 ml) and leave for half an hour. Then strain the broth. Add 3 tablespoons of chamomile infusion to a glass of warm water, mix. Gargle with a warm solution 5-6 times a day.

Chronic nasopharyngitis, treatment and possible consequences

Chronic nasopharyngitis, symptoms and treatment in adults generally does not differ from the acute form of the disease. The disease develops when initial stage nasopharyngitis has not been cured completely. At chronic disease infection, bacteria are constantly in the nasal passages and larynx. The patient is regularly disturbed by an excruciating dry cough, purulent discharge. With prolonged progression of the disease, there is a high probability of a complete loss of smell.

If chronic nasopharyngitis is detected, treatment is supplemented with saline solutions and powerful vasoconstrictor drugs. Experts prefer Galazolin, Nazol and Nazivin.

Nazivin and Nazol are adrenostimulating drugs that have a vasoconstrictive effect, the composition is based on the substance oxymetazoline. The drug Galazolin belongs to a similar group of drugs, but the main active ingredient is xylometazoline. They are used in the treatment of nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, eustachitis.

Rhinopharyngitis (ICD-10 code - J31) is a combined, simultaneously occurring inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx (nasal cavity and posterior pharyngeal wall) of an infectious-allergic nature. The combination of the lesion is due to the close location of these anatomical sections, and inflammation in one of them rarely occurs in isolation (the mucosal lesion zone is shown in red in the figure below).

In the vast majority of cases, in the presence of acute / chronic foci of infection in the structure of the ENT organs (nose, paranasal sinuses, top part pharynx) adjacent departments are also involved in the process. In fact, it is a combination of two diseases: rhinitis and pharyngitis. Often referred to in common parlance as " cold».

Rhinopharyngitis is a common disease. Suffice it to say that diseases with a high intensity epidemic process such as, and in most cases manifest with signs of nasopharyngitis. In addition, the transferred nasopharyngitis, due to the large polymorphism of pathogens and their serotypes, as a rule, does not leave long-term and stable immunity behind, which determines the possibility of the disease of the same person several times a year.

The morbidity rates of the population with rhinopharyngitis differ significantly depending on the region of residence. On average, in the structure of the incidence of the upper respiratory tract, the share of rhinopharyngitis, according to different authors, accounts for from 24 to 48.6%. The true incidence is extremely difficult to assess, since in most cases with mild forms, adults in medical institutions do not apply and are treated independently, using for this purpose the means of over-the-counter sales and, accordingly, the cases remain unaccounted for. Clearly marked seasonality due to a large number pathogens disease-causing, does not exist, but the peaks of activity of nasopharyngitis caused by an infectious agent occur in the spring-autumn period with a decrease in the incidence in summer.

Pathogenesis, stages of development

After the process of active reproduction of the pathogen, against the background of reduced immunity and the appearance of areas of infected epithelium of the nasopharyngeal mucosa, develops inflammatory process. It is the inflammatory syndrome that is the leading link in pathogenesis. During inflammation, mediators are released ( histamine , bradykinin , leukotrienes , thromboxanes ), expansion of the blood vessels of the nasopharyngeal mucosa and an increase in the permeability of their walls. The components of the pathogenesis are cellular infiltration, stimulation of the nerve endings of the vagus nerve, infiltration of the mucosa by leukocytes and hyperproduction of mucus. The mucosa of the nasopharynx against the background of severe hyperemia is infiltrated with small cell elements, in some places the epithelium is rejected. Inflammation is especially pronounced in the places of accumulation of lymphadenoid tissue (fornix of the nasopharynx, the mouth of the Eustachian tubes).

The specificity and severity of the inflammatory process is determined by two factors: the virulence of the infectious agent and the state of the body's defense systems. The first line of mucosal defense is formed by mucociliary transport (removal of pathogenic agents - bacteria, viruses by the mucocirculatory system) and chemical (secretory antibodies, lactoferrin , lysozyme ) mucus barriers. With the failure of this line of defense, epithelial and then connective tissue barriers come into play.

It should be borne in mind that long-term inflammatory processes in the mucous membrane of the nasopharyngeal cavity contribute to a decrease in secretory IgA and phagocytic activity of neutrophils, that is, inhibition of local defense mechanisms, as well as the development of secondary immunodeficiency states. Therefore, the risk of developing acute inflammation of the middle ear increases, pneumonia .

Stages of development of the disease

In the acute process, several stages are distinguished:

• Dry irritation(The mucous membrane of the nasopharynx is dry, hyperemic, with its subsequent swelling, which leads to narrowing of the nasal passages, difficulty breathing through the nose, decreased sense of smell and taste sensitivity). Its duration varies within 1-2 days.
• serous secretions(characterized by abundant secretion of a serous transparent liquid of color with the gradual addition of a mucous component produced by goblet cells). Appears, sneezing and coughing, cyanotic mucosa.
• Permissions- 4-5 days of the disease (discharges of a mucopurulent nature of a yellowish-greenish color are characteristic, which is due to the presence of exfoliated epithelium, leukocytes and lymphocytes in the secret). The amount of secretion secreted gradually decreases, and nasal breathing on the 7-8th day it is normalized.

In persons with weakened immunity, the duration of the disease can increase up to 14-15 days with a high risk of an acute process becoming chronic.

Classification, types of rhinopharyngitis

According to a number of signs (flow, etiological factor and morphological changes mucous membrane of the nasopharynx) secrete:

• Catarrhal rhinopharyngitis - characterized by superficial inflammation, slight swelling of the nasopharyngeal mucosa and partial hypertrophy of the lymphoid tissue of the posterior pharyngeal wall.
• Hypertrophic nasopharyngitis - the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx thickens / thickens, swells, the tonsils increase, granulomas form in the region of the posterior pharyngeal wall.
• Subatrophic nasopharyngitis (atrophic). The mucous membrane of the nasopharynx becomes sharply thinner, dries up, its functions are disturbed, and when further development process, subatrophic rhinopharyngitis turns into atrophic with a pronounced process of its atrophy (the number / size of the mucous glands is sharply reduced, desquamation of the epithelial cover takes place).

Causes of development and factors contributing to the disease

In the development of rhinopharyngitis, the leading role belongs to infectious agents. The significance of one or another microorganism varies significantly depending on the area of ​​residence, year/season, and the surveyed contingent. There are also various combinations of viruses and bacteria. The most frequent of them are:

• Viruses - rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, parainfluenza / influenza viruses, PC infection, measles virus, reoviruses, herpes viruses, enteroviruses of various serological types.
• Bacterial flora - streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, meningococci, diphtheria bacillus.
• Atypical bacterial flora - chlamydia ( Chlamydophila pneumoniae), mycoplasma ( Mycoplasma pneumoniae).
• Fungi ( Candida). Can be combined with oral candidiasis .

Despite the polyetiology of the disease, about 85% of cases are caused by viruses. Their occurrence is given below (in descending order).

The main infectious agents of viral origin:

• rhinoviruses;
• adenoviruses;
• coronaviruses;
• parainfluenza virus;
• flu virus.

Rare infectious agents of viral origin:

• respiratory syncytial virus;
• simple viruses (1 and 2 types);

Among the bacterial pathogens, the most important is streptococcus (beta-hemolytic group A).

Rhinopharyngitis develops when pathogenic microorganisms or allergens enter the respiratory mucosa. The predominant route of spread of the pathogen is airborne (with close contact with the patient / carrier). The contact route (the use of objects of the carrier of the infection) is less common. After infection, the infectious agent penetrates into the cytoplasm of the epithelium of the nasal mucosa, introducing its own ribonucleic acid, after which the process of virus replication begins and spreads throughout the nasal mucosa with the formation of areas of infected epithelium. The inflammatory process spreads to the adjacent area of ​​the pharyngeal mucosa by mechanical means (leakage of liquid discharge) or by the direct spread of pathogens from the affected to the healthy area of ​​the mucosa.

Allergic nasopharyngitis is much less common. Allergy means having hypersensitivity body to various allergens. When an allergen first enters the body, a specific immunological (IgE) mediated sensitization reaction develops, which consists in the production of antibodies to it, followed by an allergic reaction to its re-entry into an already sensitized organism. Allergic reaction due to a combination of complex biochemical processes with the release into the intercellular space of a wide range of allergy mediators - histamine , bradykinin , leukotrienes , prostaglandins , a platelet-activating factor that causes inflammation and further damage to tissue cells, including the epithelium of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.

Allergens can be organic and inorganic substances that have a high sensitizing activity. The most important of them are: household dust, animal hair, insects, birds and their waste products, medicines, plant pollen, food products, household chemicals, industrial factors. Accordingly, seasonal, year-round persistent, which acts as one of the syndromes of the general allergic state of the body, and professional allergic rhinopharyngitis are distinguished.

Seasonal allergic rhinopharyngitis occurs as a reaction of the body to pollen and seeds during the flowering of plants that are carried by air. The main sources of allergens are: ragweed, grasses, shrubs and trees, mold spores formed when the foliage rots. The main difference between year-round persistent and seasonal rhinopharyngitis is the specificity of allergens and the absence of any periodicity. It flows more smoothly, and the attacks are less pronounced. Long-term influence of such factors causes proliferative changes (diffuse thickening, hyperplasia) of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.

Factors contributing to the disease include:

• close contact with patients;
• the presence of chronic foci ( , );
• active / passive smoking, long-term use;
• unfavorable environmental conditions of life/work (dustiness, crowding, air pollution);
• chronic diseases of blood vessels, heart, kidneys;
• chronic alcoholism with congestive hyperemia of the nasal mucosa;
• narrow lumen of the upper respiratory tract;
• hypovitaminosis ;
• decrease in local / general reactivity and functional resistance of the organism;
• traumatization of the nasal mucosa (thermal, mechanical, chemical).

In the etiology of acute rhinopharyngitis, a decrease in the general / local reactivity of the body and the rapid activation of the microflora in the nasal cavity are of great importance, which is facilitated by cold factors (hypothermia of the pharynx - ice cream, cold drinks, talking in the cold, drafts, wet clothes / shoes), which disrupt the protective nervous system. reflex mechanisms. This leads to an increase in the pathogenicity of saprophytic microorganisms of the nasal cavity: staphylococci, streptococci, etc.

Symptoms

Symptoms and treatment of rhinopharyngitis in adults vary widely, and the severity of clinical manifestations of rhinopharyngitis depends on the type of infectious agent and its serotype, the state of immunity of the patient's body, clinical form diseases.

Acute nasopharyngitis

Acute nasopharyngitis (ICD code 10 - J00) usually begins with discomfort in the nasopharynx (dryness, tingling / burning, perspiration), nasal breathing is difficult. Then there is a thickening of the nasal secretion and symptoms such as pain in the forehead / bridge of the nose, sneezing, nasal, decreased sense of smell and taste, moderate dry cough. As a rule, the symptoms of rhinopharyngitis in adults occur against the background of normal, less often subfebrile temperature.

On examination - swelling and hyperemia of the posterior pharyngeal wall, sometimes palatine tonsils with the presence of viscous secretions on them. Symptoms of acute rhinopharyngitis are supplemented by adynamia, pallor skin, lethargy, irritability, sleep disturbances. Sometimes acute rhinopharyngitis occurs with an increase in regional lymph nodes, which are moderately painful on palpation.

Symptoms of nasopharyngitis disappear in adults, usually on the 7-10th day of the disease. If the symptoms do not stop, and moreover, the symptoms grow and expand (pain and hearing loss), involvement in the process of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses or auditory tubes with the development or eustachitis . For rhinopharyngitis of mycoplasmal and chlamydial etiology, a more protracted course (2-3 weeks) is characteristic and often leads to and / or, as well as exacerbation of chronic diseases of the respiratory system. In general, symptoms in adults can vary widely, and complications in many cases are due to the addition of secondary bacterial flora to the process.

Chronic nasopharyngitis

Chronic nasopharyngitis occurs predominantly in middle-aged/elderly males, but is rare among children. Chronization of the process is facilitated by frequent / repeated diseases of the nasopharynx, long-term use vasoconstrictor drugs, smoking, gastrointestinal diseases (, ), lack of treatment of an acute process or irrational therapy.

The clinical picture is determined by the type of chronic rhinopharyngitis:

• catarrhal: during an exacerbation, initially slight nasal congestion, swelling and hyperemia of the nasopharyngeal mucosa, viscous mucus on the surface, difficulty in nasal breathing, unproductive cough.
• hypertrophic- more pronounced, nasal congestion, difficulty in nasal breathing, increased release of nasal contents in the form of a transparent mucous exudate, especially in the morning, dryness in the nose and mouth, nasality, cough.
• atrophic- The mucous membrane of the pharynx is pale pink in color, thinned, covered with difficult-to-separate viscous mucus, in some places - yellowish-gray crusts. A pronounced feeling of dryness in the nose and throat, pain when swallowing, cough, ulceration of the mucous membrane, runny nose with blood, decreased sense of smell, bad breath.

Chronic rhinopharyngitis in adults, although it proceeds with milder symptoms, however, frequent inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx contribute to the development of destructive processes in the mucous membrane (development of subepithelial fibrosis with thickening of the basement membrane), inhibition of local defense mechanisms, development of immunodeficiency states.

Allergic rhinopharyngitis

The main manifestations of allergic rhinopharyngitis are determined by the phase of the allergic reaction:

• Early immune response phase - symptoms appear 5-10 minutes after allergens hit the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx and are accompanied by a sharp, paroxysmal onset with a rapid increase in symptoms: runny nose, severe itching in the nose, eyes, throat, frequent sneezing, (lacrimation redness of the eyes).
• Late immune response phase (4-8 hours after contact with the allergen) - nasal and ear congestion, cough, headache, irritability, lethargy, ear pain, temperature may rise.

The duration of attacks of allergic rhinitis varies within 2-3 hours, but they can be repeated 2-5 times a day. Seasonal allergic rhinopharyngitis usually lasts during the flowering period of plants, and after its completion there are no attacks. A more complex option is year-round persistent allergic nasopharyngitis, which is one of the symptoms of a typical immunopathological process in the human body. In this form, the course is smoother, the attacks are less pronounced and often accompanied.

Allocate:

• The stage of transient attacks with typical symptoms of nasopharyngitis, periodically occurring throughout the year.
• The stage of ongoing attacks is characterized by almost constant nasal congestion without remission, vasoconstrictor drugs are poorly effective.
• The stage of polyp formation is characterized by the formation of polyps in the nasal cavity, the sense of smell worsens, attacks of bronchial asthma intensify / become more frequent.
• The stage of carnification - polyps sprout with connective tissue, become denser, there is no sense of smell. At the same time, the use of vasoconstrictor drugs on clinical manifestations renders no action.

At severe course disease, night sleep is disturbed and daytime activity suffers, which causes a decrease in working capacity and the quality of life of patients in general. Main hallmarks seasonal and permanent allergic rhinopharyngitis is the absence of any periodicity, the severity of the course and the specificity of allergenic factors. Allergens in a year-round persistent disease can be a wide variety of ingredients, ranging from household house dust, and waste products of animals, insects, birds, ending food products and household chemicals.

Analyzes and diagnostics

Diagnosis of rhinopharyngitis is based on an epidemiological history, collection of complaints, physical/instrumental (rhino/pharyngoscopy) and laboratory examination methods. Additionally, endoscopy of the nasopharynx can be performed. Prescribed according to indications FGDS , bacterial seeding surface of the nasal mucosa.

Diagnostic criteria for acute rhinopharyngitis and exacerbation of chronic rhinopharyngitis:

Complaints

• burning, dryness, accumulation of viscous mucus, discomfort in the nasopharynx;
• perspiration and sometimes mild sore throat;
• ear congestion/pain;
• nasality;
• pain in the occipital region of the head;
• in children - an increase in body temperature.

Physical examination

The presence of enlarged, moderately painful on palpation of the submandibular lymph nodes .

Instrumental Research

• Endoscopic rhinoscopy- hyperemia of the nasal mucosa, the presence of viscous secret. With allergic rhinopharyngitis - pallor, cyanosis and swelling of the nasal mucosa.
• Pharyngoscopy- in acute / exacerbation of chronic rhinopharyngitis.
• catarrhal form- swelling, bright hyperemia, infiltration of the nasopharyngeal mucosa, on the back wall - mucous discharge.
• Hypertrophic form- swelling / infiltration of the lateral ridges, an increase in lymphadenoid follicles.
• Subatrophic form- Paleness and dryness of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.
• atrophic form- the mucous membrane is dry, thinned, dull, covered with viscous sputum.

Laboratory tests (appointed according to indications)

• Bacteriological examination of mucus smears from the posterior pharyngeal wall / tonsils for facultative anaerobic microorganisms.
• Express method for determining streptococcal antigen.
• If you suspect complications and the transition of the inflammatory process to paranasal sinuses- radiography of the paranasal sinuses or CT scan of the nasopharynx and sinuses.
• In severe cases, if necessary, identify the pathogen, if necessary, hospitalization - PCR prints of the nasal mucosa.

If necessary (to clarify the diagnosis), consultation of a general practitioner, infectious disease specialist, endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, neurologist.

In cases of allergic rhinopharyngitis, the following may be prescribed:

• Skin tests with allergens.
• Determination of total / specific IgE in blood serum to various allergens.

With a protracted course of rhinopharyngitis, it is necessary to exclude, vasomotor and allergic rhinitis, nasal diphtheria.

Treatment of rhinopharyngitis

Treatment of nasopharyngitis in adults is always complex, including general and local measures. In an uncomplicated version, it is performed on an outpatient basis. First of all, you do not need to carry the disease "on your feet." Bed/semi-bed rest and being in a room with humidified warm air is recommended, which reduces the feeling of tension, dryness and burning in the nose. During the period of obstruction of the nasal passages and impaired breathing through the nose, it is not recommended to forcefully breathe through the nose.

To prevent the development of complications, it is important to learn how to blow your nose correctly:

The abortive course of acute catarrhal rhinopharyngitis in the first days can be caused by the appointment of a distracting reflex therapy - hot foot baths with mustard powder (only in cases of absence elevated temperature). Since it is impossible to determine a significant etiological factor at the beginning of the process, and the patient's well-being is already suffering, symptomatic treatment should be carried out.

Irrigation therapy (procedures)

The introduction of drops into the nasal passage must be preceded by cleansing the nasal cavity from nasal secretion by washing or suctioning the mucus with special suction. The most popular methods are irrigation/rinsing of the nasal cavity intranasal solutions in disposable dropper bottles of sea/mineral water. In the presence of discomfort in the throat, mouth rinses are also carried out. In fact, this is how elimination therapy is carried out, that is, drugs based on sea ​​water, isotonic sodium chloride solution helps to cleanse the nasopharyngeal mucosa and remove the infectious agent.

It has been proven that the high concentrations of microelements (Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, K) in washing solutions contribute to the activation of cilia movements, the acceleration of reparative processes and the normalization of gland function in the cells of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Such trace elements are found mainly in preparations prepared on the basis of mineral spring water, from sea water, diluted to an isotonic salt concentration. These funds contribute to the thinning and removal of mucus, increase the resistance of the mucosa to pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

From pharmaceutical preparations it is recommended to use in the form of a spray, with and without herbs, and others. A more economical option is to use an isotonic solution, which can be purchased at a pharmacy, or use solutions prepared by yourself:

• Option 1. Dissolve 1 tablespoon of sea salt in a glass of warm water, strain.
• Option 2. Dissolve 1 teaspoon of kitchen salt, baking soda in a glass of warm water and add 1-2 drops of alcohol solution iodine.

There are special systems for rinsing the nose, but rinsing the nasal cavity can also be done at home using a rubber bulb for douching, a syringe without a needle, or a small kettle.

Washing technique

The head is tilted forward so that the openings of the nasal passages are parallel to the floor. The tip of the device is inserted into one of the nostrils under slight pressure. When using a kettle, water flows without pressure. In this case, the liquid should flow from the other half of the nose or through the mouth opening. The washing procedure should be carried out 2-3 times a day.

In the stage of serous exudation, the instillation of drugs that stop the runny nose is indicated. This is decongestants . Currently, preference is given to drugs of the group imidazolines related to α2-agonists. They activate adrenoreceptors of the vessels of the nasopharynx, which causes nasal vasoconstriction (narrowing of the lumen of predominantly arterial blood vessels). At the same time, they eliminate hyperemia , swelling and congestion in the nasal cavity. Accordingly, the activity of nasal secretion decreases, a runny nose stops, breathing through the nose normalizes, the feeling of “congestion” disappears, aeration of the middle ear improves.

The doctors

Medications

When choosing how to treat nasopharyngitis, preference should be given to local medium / long-acting decongestants (effective for 8-12 hours):

or combined preparations:

• (containing xylometazoline and dexpanthenol )
• (containing and )

It is important to consider that drugs of this group should not be used for more than 5-6 days in a row and overdose should be avoided (the frequency of their use should be 2-3 times a day), since the problem of using decongestants is:

• Drying of the nasal mucosa with a high risk of developing a bacterial process in the adjacent sinuses.
• The development of nasal hyperreactivity, a violation of the autonomic regulation of the vessels and glands of the nasal cavity.
• "Rebound" syndrome (a reaction that occurs after discontinuation of the drug, manifested by the development / intensification of symptoms, the elimination of which is directed by the action of the drug).
• Development atrophic rhinitis , inhibition of microcirculation and secretory function.
• The increase in systemic sympathomimetic action ( nausea , palpitations, agitation, increased blood pressure / intraocular pressure, ).

Therefore, preparations that also contain moisturizing ingredients are safer - and, for example,. Moisturizers contribute to a more even distribution of the vasoconstrictor ingredient on the surface of the nasal mucosa and, accordingly, a longer lasting effect.

Use preparations containing ephedrine , Not recommended.

When choosing a dosage form, preference should be given to dose-forming sprays and drops. This makes it possible to achieve exact dosage and relatively uniform distribution of the drug on the mucosa. While sprays and drops without a dosing mechanism do not allow precise control of the dose, which is fraught with an overdose. To increase the area of ​​contact with medicinal substance the introduction of drops into the nose must be carried out in a prone / standing position with the head thrown back.

If there is a mucopurulent discharge from the nose or severe sore and sore throat when swallowing, a slight cough, it is recommended to use local antibacterial sprays or other dosage forms(lozenges) that effectively act on strepto / staphylo / pneumococci:

Many are interested in the question how long are they on sick leave?» The issue is resolved on an individual basis, but usually this period does not exceed 7-8 days for moderate forms of the disease. As a rule, with banal rhinopharyngitis, the above funds are quite enough for a complete recovery. However, we must not forget that nasopharyngitis can be one of the manifestations of the symptom complex, parainfluenza , respectively, in such cases, treatment is expanded through the appointment of antiviral drugs:

When the temperature appears - . With persistent cough -. The need for antibiotic therapy is accepted only on the basis of a bacteriological examination (rapid test for streptococcal etiology of an infectious agent). Prescribe an antibiotic empirically to prevent the addition of a secondary bacterial infection without microbiological examination is not recommended.

Procedures

The procedures for washing the nasal cavity, carried out at home, are described above. In moderate and severe forms, physiotherapeutic procedures are indicated: (low thermal dose), UFO on the nose area electrophoresis with . For sore throat - electrophoresis solution on the submandibular region, exposure to the mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall with an infrared laser, paraffin applications or electrophoresis with nicotinic acid to the submandibular region.

Indicators of the cure of the patient are:

• absence of clinical manifestations;
• restoration of patency of the nasal passages and nasal breathing;
• restoration of working capacity.

Treatment of allergic rhinitis

First of all, it is necessary to observe the security regime aimed at minimizing / eliminating provoking and causative factors, for which barrier agents are used to wash off various allergens from the nasal mucosa. For example, or other saline solutions in the form of nasal sprays. Long-term treatment (up to 2 years). As monotherapy or for combined treatment (together with antihistamine / antileukotriene drugs), intranasal glucocorticosteroids are recommended:

• pharmaceutical camomile , sage leaves , Oak bark , thyme . good effect renders by instillation into the nose of beetroot juice, Kalanchoe, calendula, propolis tincture with honey. In the presence of a cough, an infusion of plantain or a special antitussive collection is effective. When sputum appears - an infusion of licorice root. With a sore throat, warm milk mixed with 1-2 tbsp helps well. spoons of honey.

  Prevention

  In order to prevent the disease, you must:

  

  In the presence of fever - rubdown with vinegar, cold compresses on the forehead. With a pronounced separation of mucus from the nose - washing the nasal cavity with preparations based on sea salt, with a sore throat - gargling with a decoction of chamomile, sage, the drug. When a cough occurs - steam inhalation with eucalyptus oil tea tree for which it is recommended to use steam inhaler sold in the pharmacy chain or an ordinary porcelain teapot. It is strictly forbidden to use mustard plasters, vasoconstrictor drugs, warming up, menthol-based drugs. Physiotherapy should also be agreed with the doctor.

  Diet for rhinopharyngitis

  Diet is an essential part of the healing process. Appointed, essential principles which are the maximum sparing of the oropharyngeal mucosa, for which spicy sour, salty, smoked, cold and hot dishes are excluded from the diet. The diet is dominated by easily digestible high-calorie foods (liquid broths, dietary meat products, stewed and mashed vegetables and fruits). For adequate rehydration of the body and improvement of the rheological properties of sputum, it is shown plentiful drink in the form of a rosehip decoction, herbal teas from sage, linden, chamomile, raspberry tea, cranberry juice, still mineral water, green tea in a volume of up to 2-2.5 l / day.

  In case of allergic rhinopharyngitis, it is indicated that provides for the exclusion from the diet of foods with high / moderate allergenic activity ( egg, smoked meats, cow's milk / whole milk products, chocolate, cheese, tomatoes, citrus fruits, coffee, mustard, strawberries, strawberries, raspberries, honey and others).

  Consequences and complications

  In most cases, nasopharyngitis in adults ends full recovery. However, in cases of accession of a secondary bacterial infection, there is a risk of developing an acute,. Much less often complications develop in the form of exacerbation of chronic diseases of the lower respiratory tract - chronic bronchitis , pneumonia . In children, in particular in immunocompromised and weakened children, the risk of complications increases dramatically.

  Forecast

  The prognosis for acute rhinopharyngitis is generally favorable. Hospitalization is necessary only in cases of complications. In chronic atrophic nasopharyngitis, the patient needs systematic courses of maintenance therapy.

  List of sources

  • Babiyak V.I. Clinical otorhinolaryngology: A guide for physicians. - St. Petersburg: Hippocrates, 2005
  • Tatochenko V.K. Medical tactics at acute diseases nasopharynx // RMJ. 1999. V. 7. No. 11. S. 520–522.
  • Bogomilsky M.R., Rodtsig E.Yu. Symptomatic therapy acute catarrhal rhinitis in children. M., 2008.
  • Samsygina A. Acute nasopharyngitis in children, its treatment and prevention // Pediatrics 2013. No. 03. pp. 43-47.
  • International consensus in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (version of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, 2000) // Ros. rinol. 2000. No. 3. pp. 5–23.

Rhinopharyngitis, it should be recalled about its primary sources. Rhinitis is a simple inflammation of the nasal mucosa. In development, it goes through several distinct stages. They are characterized by specific symptoms.

As a rule, rhinitis resolves within 7-10 days if no complications occur during this period.

Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx. It often happens after such viral diseases as SARS, acute respiratory infections, etc. Also, pharyngitis can be caused by bacteria in angina. Main symptoms this disease: constant pain in the throat, perspiration and cough.

Rhinopharyngitis can be described as follows: often after a poorly treated runny nose, an unpleasant sore throat appears, turning into pain syndrome. The temperature rises and ear congestion occurs. This combination is nasopharyngitis.

Treatment

The treatment of rhinopharyngitis is a combined treatment of the throat, nose and nasopharynx as a whole. Since rhinopharyngitis is not a cold, the usual warming up of the body using mustard plasters and foot baths will not help in this case.

Correct technique treatment of rhinopharyngitis - the release of the nasal area from mucous secretions, which regularly accumulate there. This action is simply necessary, since the mucus gradually flows down the back of the pharynx, causing a certain inflammatory process in the pharynx. It turns out that by freeing the nose from mucous secretions, the cause of the formation of pharyngitis is getting rid of.

All kinds of warming up, inhalation and washing of the nasopharynx will help get rid of mucous secretions in the nose. Nasal sprays and oil drops work great.

For the pharynx, experts recommend rinsing with furatsilin, decoctions of chamomile and sage. You can also use inhalation.
It should be noted that rhinopharyngitis, as a disease of the nasopharynx in general, needs timely and careful treatment both nose and throat. In order to determine real reasons occurrence of the disease and make an accurate diagnosis, you should seek the advice of a qualified specialist. An experienced doctor, having examined the condition of your body, will prescribe the necessary course of treatment and the most appropriate medications. This approach will avoid the transition of rhinopharyngitis into a chronic form of the disease.

Acute nasopharyngitis refers to acute respiratory viral diseases(or as everyone used to call it, SARS), which are transmitted by airborne droplets. According to international classification ICD 10 code J00 - J006 is assigned to this disease.

With a similar disease, both the nose and throat are simultaneously affected, which causes symptoms specific to nasopharyngitis. Most often it affects children of preschool and younger school age, less often - adolescents and adults. According to statistics, each child suffers from nasopharyngitis on average 4 to 6 times a year. A certain seasonality of the disease is also noted - the peak incidence occurs in the autumn-winter period and early spring.

Causes of the disease

In the vast majority of cases, the cause that causes acute rhinopharyngitis is adenovirus, which, when it enters the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, begins to spread rapidly and affects the nasopharynx and pharynx located in the immediate vicinity.

Somewhat less often, this disease develops under the influence of bacteria such as beta-hemolytic streptococcus type A, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus. Often there is a combination of several types of pathogenic microorganisms. Streptococcus belongs to a group of bacteria that are normally present in the nasal cavity, throat, intestines, and in the organs of the urinary system.

The pathogenic effect of streptococci on the body is restrained by the immune system, therefore, if its work is disturbed, it develops bacterial inflammation. In addition, with a weakened immune system, susceptibility to different types adenovirus. So, acute rhinopharyngitis can provoke:

• Hypothermia.
• Weakening against the background of a previous illness.
• Hearth chronic infection in the body.
• Deficiency in the diet of vitamins and minerals.
• Enlargement of the adenoids (adenoiditis).

Children in more susceptible to diseases of the upper respiratory tract due to the nature of their anatomical structure in the first years of life. They rarely have isolated forms of viral infections (for example, only rhinitis or pharyngitis). In addition, many doctors note the relationship of adverse environmental factors smoking with frequent nasopharyngitis.

How is the disease diagnosed?

The doctor usually makes the diagnosis based on a general examination of the nasal oral cavity sick and clinical symptoms. There is swelling of the mucous membrane of the nasal discharge, swelling and redness of the pharynx, palate, an increase in the cervical and occipital lymph nodes. In young children, there is often a slight swelling of the tongue.

Rhinopharyngitis Psychosomatics

What is pharyngitis and how to treat it

Pharyngitis. Children's doctor.

Elena Malysheva. Pharyngitis

Ferveks, instruction. Rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, influenza

Most often, the doctor prescribes treatment immediately, without conducting any additional examinations. However, in some cases clinical picture acute rhinopharyngitis is similar to the symptoms of other, much more dangerous diseases. Differential diagnosis is necessary if the following diseases are suspected:

• Diphtheria. hallmark This pathology is the formation of a characteristic plaque on the pharynx.
• Angina is manifested by a sharp increase in temperature, severe pain when swallowing and talking.
• Scarlet fever. On the second - third day after the onset of sore throat and fever, a rash appears on the body.
• Allergic rhinitis. With allergies, there is no sore throat, fever, nasal discharge is abundant and clear.

It is also worth noting that if bacterial inflammation has become the cause of acute rhinopharyngitis, then it is recommended to pass bakposev from the pharynx and nasopharynx without fail. The fact is that chronic streptococcal infection is fraught with the development of systemic complications, including autoimmune diseases. Therefore, if streptococcus is detected, further follow-up in dynamics and appropriate long-term antibiotic therapy are required.

Clinical manifestations of the disease

Incubation period adenovirus infection usually 2 to 5 days. After this time, the disease begins acutely. The following symptoms are noted:

• Feeling of "congestion" of the nose.
• Copious discharge from the nasal cavity. At the beginning of the disease, they are transparent, after a few days they become thicker, and with the development of complications, they become purulent.
• Sore throat that gets worse when swallowing, coughing, or sneezing.
• Lachrymation.
• Hoarseness.
• General deterioration of health associated with intoxication - headache, weakness, drowsiness, increased fatigue.
• Decreased appetite.

In adults, acute rhinopharyngitis usually occurs without fever or with mild subfebrile condition (up to 37 - 37.5 °). For young children, fever up to 37.5 - 38 ° is more typical. In infants, the disease is much more severe. Due to nasal congestion, sleep is disturbed, the child experiences inconvenience in the process of feeding, becomes restless and capricious. There may also be manifestations from the gastrointestinal tract. With swelling of the nasal mucosa during feeding, the child captures air through the mouth, which leads to flatulence, abdominal pain and stool disorder.

Complications of acute rhinopharyngitis

In adults and adolescents, even if untreated, the disease resolves after 5 to 7 days. However, in people who are immunocompromised or chronic diseases respiratory tract, pregnant women are at high risk of developing bacterial complications:

• Otitis.
• Bronchitis.
• Sinusitis.
• Inflammation of the lungs.

In children, in addition to the listed diseases, there is a risk of bronchospasm, false croup. In some cases, the lack of adequate therapy leads to the transition of acute rhinopharyngitis into a chronic form.

The general principles of therapy for rhinopharyngitis in adults and children are the same. First of all, it is necessary to “help” the body cope with the infection on its own. For this it is recommended:

• Maintaining the temperature in the room (apartment) at the level of 19 - 21 °. The patient's stay in a hot room will lead to the drying of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx and the deterioration of his condition.
• Humidity. This is especially true during the heating season. If you are prone to diseases of the upper respiratory tract, you can purchase a humidifier.
• Regular airing of the room.
• Daily wet cleaning.

The patient also needs to drink plenty of fluids. It is better to give preference to rosehip broth, warm tea, jelly. To avoid excessive irritant on the mucous membrane of the pharynx, it is better to consume food in the form of heat.

Fruits and berries rich in vitamin C must be present in the diet. To avoid the development of complications, bed rest is recommended during the acute course of rhinopharyngitis.

Drug therapy

In acute rhinopharyngitis, the stuffy nose is the most inconvenient. To alleviate this condition, you must:

• Irrigation of the nose with saline solutions Humer, Atomer Aqua-Maris, etc. It can also be prepared independently at the rate of 1 teaspoon of sea salt per glass of warm boiled water. Salt, as well as other trace elements that are part of such drugs, help reduce swelling, moisturize the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity.
• In the treatment of rhinopharyngitis in children who, due to age, are not able to blow their nose on their own, it is necessary to remove mucus from the nose using a special aspirator. Otrivin is best suited for these purposes.
• Vasoconstrictor drops. Today, pharmacies offer a huge selection of such products. These are Nazivin, Vibrocil, Rinazolin, Galazolin, etc. However, it must be borne in mind that such drugs have only a symptomatic effect, and when long-term use can lead to the opposite effect - cause swelling of the nasal mucosa. Therefore, it is recommended to drip them no more than three times a day.
• Antihistamines to relieve symptoms severe runny nose and lacrimation. Suitable drugs such as Erius, Loratadin, Cetrin, Suprastin.
• Drops in the nose for the treatment of rhinopharyngitis. This is Protargol, Pinosol. They do not have a vasoconstrictive effect, so they need to be dripped onto a “clean nose”.
• Lozenges Decatilene, Faringosept, Falimint, Lisobakt. An alternative to tablets are throat sprays (Gexoral, Tantum-Verde, Ingalipt, Givalex).
• Gargling with special solutions (for example, Stomatidin, Givalex), herbal decoctions (calendula, chamomile).
• Means to reduce the temperature (if it rises above 38.3 - 38.5 °). These are Nurofen, Ibufen, Panadol, Paracetamol, Analdim. Syrups or suppositories are recommended for children, tablets for adults.

Worth a separate stop at antiviral therapy. Previously, for the treatment of acute nasopharyngitis, always prescribed antiviral drugs(Anaferon, Amiksin, Arbidol, Cycloferon, etc.). They were also recommended for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections. However, today many doctors agree that such treatment leads to a weakening of their own immunity in the future. Therefore, it is worth starting their intake only when the body is not able to overcome the virus on its own.

If the cause of acute rhinopharyngitis is bacteria, then a course of antibiotics is necessary. Bakposev is done for about 3-5 days, so treatment is started immediately and broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs are prescribed. And then, after receiving the results of the tests, the therapy is adjusted if necessary.

Acute rhinopharyngitis is an inflammation of the nose and throat. The disease combines signs of rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal mucosa) and pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa).

This pathology occurs as a complication of SARS and is transmitted by airborne droplets. Another name for the disease is acute nasopharyngitis.

Causes of the disease

The most common causative agent of the disease is adenovirus. In more rare cases, the inflammatory process in the nasopharynx is caused by streptococci and staphylococci, which are activated when immunity is weakened.

The following reasons can provoke the onset of rhinopharyngitis:

• hypothermia;
• chronic infectious process in the body;
• weakening after an illness;
• avitaminosis;
• proliferation of the nasopharyngeal tonsil;
• untreated cold;
• contact with a sick person;
• stressful situations;
• drinking cold drinks;
• smoking.

Acute rhinitis usually occurs first, which is manifested by nasal congestion, copious secretions from the nasal passages, lacrimation, general malaise. Then the infectious process moves to the pharynx.

Children are especially susceptible to this disease due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the nasopharynx. AT childhood usually rhinitis and pharyngitis do not occur in isolation.

In some cases, the disease is caused by exposure to an allergen. After contact with an irritating substance, there are signs of damage to the nasopharynx: cough, runny nose, sneezing.

Allergic rhinopharyngitis cannot be transmitted from a sick person to a healthy one, since the pathology is not associated with the impact of the infection.

In people with weakened immune systems, an untreated acute form of the disease can turn into chronic nasopharyngitis, which is protracted and more difficult to treat.

Symptoms of the disease

With rhinopharyngitis incubation period lasts 2 to 5 days. The disease begins suddenly with violent manifestations.

Acute nasopharyngitis is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• pain in the throat when swallowing and coughing;
• copious discharge from the nasal passages;
• hoarseness of voice;
• increased tearing;
• headache;
• general malaise;
• loss of appetite.

In acute nasopharyngitis, symptoms in adults are expressed differently than in children. In a child, the temperature can rise to 38-38.5ºC. Infants are particularly susceptible to the disease.

The child does not sleep well, becomes restless and whiny, it is difficult for him to breathe due to nasal congestion. In some children with nasopharyngitis, symptoms may resemble a gastrointestinal disorder.

This is due to the fact that due to nasal congestion, the child swallows air through the mouth. There is flatulence, abdominal pain and diarrhea.

Nasopharyngitis in adults is rarely accompanied by severe fever. Usually seen subfebrile temperature 37-37.5ºC.

If the disease is caused by an allergen, then a runny nose with swelling of the nasal mucosa first occurs. Then the inflammation passes to the pharynx, there is a cough and sore throat.

Acute nasopharyngitis is dangerous with complications. Infection from the nasopharynx can spread to other organs and cause inflammatory diseases: otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis.

In children, the disease can be complicated by bronchospasm and. In people with reduced immunity, untreated nasopharyngitis becomes chronic.

In chronic nasopharyngitis, symptoms and treatment in adults will depend on the form of the disease.

There are 3 types of the disease:

1. Chronic atrophic rhinopharyngitis. The patient complains of discomfort in the throat. There is hoarseness of voice. At the same time, the mucous throat does not look inflamed, has a pale shade, but is thinned.
2. Catarrhal and hypertrophic chronic nasopharyngitis. The patient feels a sore throat. He is worried about the feeling of a foreign body in the throat. Purulent and mucous secretions flow from the nasal passages, sometimes they fall into the throat. There is an unpleasant odor from the mouth. In the morning and evening, the patient is tormented by a cough with a small amount of mucous sputum. The tonsils look swollen, loose and enlarged.

In chronic nasopharyngitis, there is often a slight increase submandibular lymph nodes and the presence of carious teeth.

Diagnosis of the disease

Before treating rhinopharyngitis, it is necessary to conduct a diagnosis. This disease is similar in symptoms to other ailments: diphtheria, scarlet fever, whooping cough. At the initial stage, the doctor examines the throat and nasal passages.

To clarify the diagnosis, the following tests are prescribed:

• blood test for ESR and leukocytes;
• taking a swab from the nasopharynx to determine the type of infection.

If the doctor suspects the patient has a chronic course of the disease, then the following examinations are carried out:

• nasal endoscopy;
• tomography of the nasal sinuses and nasopharynx;
• x-ray of the nasopharynx;
• allergen tests (with an allergic form of the disease).

Treatment Methods

After the diagnosis of rhinopharyngitis is made, they begin to treat the disease. Methods of treatment will depend on the form of pathology.

With allergic nasopharyngitis, the following agents are used:

• Antihistamines. Children are prescribed drops of Fenistil, Zirtek. Antiallergic treatment of nasopharyngitis in adults is carried out with Suprastin and Erius.
• Local remedies for the nose. The hormonal spray Nasonex is commonly used.

In the treatment of an acute form of the disease caused by an infection, the following drugs are used:

1. Antipyretic drugs: Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Panadol. Usually they are used in the treatment of children. Treatment of nasopharyngitis in adults with antipyretic drugs is carried out if the body temperature is above 38.5ºC.
2. Antibiotics: Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Azithromycin. Antibacterial drugs are used if inflammation is caused by bacteria. With a viral origin of the disease, the use of such drugs does not make sense. Before prescribing therapy, a nasopharyngeal swab is cultured for sensitivity to antibiotics.
3. Antiviral drugs: Arbidol, Anaferon, Viferon. They are used if the disease is caused by an adenovirus. However, many doctors believe that such drugs weaken the immune system. Therefore, at present, with nasopharyngitis, treatment antiviral drugs carried out only if the body itself can not cope with the infection.
4. Local preparations for the nose. Apply vasoconstrictor drops: Otrivin, Vibrocil, Nazivin, Galazolin. And also instill oil drops Pinosol and antiseptic Protargol. Children are washed with nasal passages with a solution of sea salt or saline.
5. Local remedies for the throat. Use solutions for rinsing with Furacillin, Stomatidine, Givalex, baking soda. In agreement with the doctor, you can gargle folk remedies: decoction of chamomile, calendula, sage. The mucous membrane of the larynx is lubricated with antiseptics: Lugol's solution, Chlorhexidine.
6. Lozenges: Faringosept, Decatilen, Lisobakt. These drugs help cure.
7. Cough remedies: Mukaltin, Ambrobene, Ascoril. With a dry cough, take the drug Sinekod.
8. Inhalations. With nasopharyngitis, inhalation treatment is used if the patient does not have high temperature. For children, inhalations are carried out using a nebulizer, using saline or mineral water. Adults are shown inhalation of warm vapor.

After the disappearance of all symptoms of acute nasopharyngitis, treatment is continued with physiotherapeutic methods.

Assign UHF therapy, quartz and ultraviolet irradiation lesions. This helps eliminate residual effects inflammatory process.

How to treat rhinopharyngitis in a chronic form? First of all, it is necessary to find out and eliminate the cause of the disease. If these are adenoids or a deviated septum, then surgical treatment is indicated.

If the pathology is provoked by sinusitis or sinusitis, then a course of treatment is carried out antibacterial drugs. If the patient has carious teeth, oral hygiene is necessary.

Treatment of the chronic form of the disease is carried out by the following methods:

• irradiation of the nasopharynx with quartz;
• electrophoresis;
• alkaline inhalations;
• immunomodulatory drugs;
• taking vitamin complexes;
• gargling with a decoction of sage;
• instillation of oily solutions into the nose;
• the use of biostimulants.

The therapy is supplemented by the appointment of a special diet with the restriction of hot, cold and spicy foods. During the period of remission, strengthening and hardening procedures are necessary.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that nasopharyngitis is far from a harmless disease and often leads to complications. If there are signs of damage to the nasopharynx, you should seek medical help.

This is especially necessary if the child has symptoms of a throat and nose disease. After all, the manifestations of rhinopharyngitis are similar to many dangerous childhood infections.