Treatment of strabismus in adults and surgery. Strabismus reoperation Eye squinting towards the nose after surgery

12.03.2020 -

Strabismus can be congenital in nature, and also occur as a result of various factors. And although some consider strabismus only an aesthetic problem, in fact, this pathology can provoke the formation of many unpleasant consequences. It is very important for the patient not only to diagnose the disease in a timely manner, but also to start solving this problem as early as possible. Strabismus surgery is a radical and effective method.

Strabismus and its consequences

Strabismus is diagnosed in the presence of existing deviations in the parallelism of the visual axis of the eyes. More often, the patient mows only one eye. In some cases, the deviation is symmetrical. There are several types of strabismus and there are also several ways to solve the problem: wearing special glasses, turning off one eye organ, surgery.

Important: Most specialists are inclined to ensure that surgical intervention is performed in extreme cases. To begin with, it is recommended to try conservative methods for correcting strabismus.

What threatens strabismus? Complete loss of vision of the eye organ, which has deviations. In this case, the brain stops receiving three-dimensional images, and the images do not correspond to each other. The nervous system gradually blocks the data received from the defective eye organ. His muscle tone begins to be lost. The functioning of the eye deteriorates over time, and amblyopia develops in 50% of cases.

Reasons for the formation of strabismus

Strabismus can be acquired or congenital. The formation of each of them has its own causes of occurrence. For example.

Acquired strabismus

Most often, this type of strabismus develops in children before they reach six months. A significant role in this case is played by the existing diseases that provoked such a side effect. But episodes of the development of strabismus are also frequent in the older secular category. Most common causes development of acquired strabismus:

strabismus as a result of sharply impaired vision with astigmatism, farsightedness, and myopia;
refractive errors in the eye can be provoked by developing cataracts or glaucoma, and as a result, strabismus is formed;
paralysis eye muscles can cause psychological disorders, and somatic diseases(as an example: neurosyphilis, encephalitis);
a mild degree of strabismus can be provoked by circulatory disorders and jumps pressure, and if pathology is ignored, disability;
Experts also consider such childhood diseases as scarlet fever and measles to be provoking factors in the development of strabismus.

Important: In the case when the child had a predisposition to strabismus, the pathology can manifest itself as a complication after suffering diphtheria or influenza.

Strabismus can develop in preschool children after a strong fright, and also, as a result of a transferred psychological trauma. These reasons for the development of pathology were also recorded in older patients. Although in rarer cases.

congenital type of strabismus

In practice, congenital strabismus is very rare. Even less often, it can be found in its pure form, that is, immediately at the birth of a baby. The manifestation of pathology in the first six months of a baby's life is established as infantile. More often in a newborn, imaginary strabismus is observed. Toddlers of this age are unable to accurately focus their eyes, and at the same time it seems that the child is developing a pathology.

Interesting: Imaginary strabismus can also be observed in adults when a person is in a state of extreme intoxication.

Infantile strabismus is often formed with genetic disorders and during the period when the fetus is still in the womb. This can be caused by such diseases: cerebral palsy, Crouzon or Down syndrome, as well as hereditary predisposition. In cases with heredity, one of the baby's relatives also has similar deviations.

At risk are babies whose mothers suffered during pregnancy infectious diseases, applied drugs, as well as drugs without the appointment of specialists.

Is strabismus surgery the only solution to the problem?

The operation to eliminate strabismus refers to radical methods for solving the problem. Immediately after the diagnosis, the specialist will offer conservative methods of treatment, which are more gentle methods. It can be special glasses. Their task is to force both eye organs to focus on one point. Over time, the muscles of the damaged eye are developed. The pathology is gradually corrected.

If the patient mows one organ, the procedure of "turning off the eye organ" may be offered. For these purposes, a special bandage is placed on a healthy eye. Thus, the brain begins to receive an image only from a diseased organ. Muscles gradually develop and the pathology is corrected.

Surgery is recommended in more advanced cases. It cannot guarantee the complete restoration of lost vision, but it allows to achieve a more symmetrical relationship between the eye organs. More often, young people agree to the operation, for whom it is very important to have no external defects.

Indications for the operation

The patient used all conservative methods of treatment, but no improvements were achieved (or they were not achieved to the maximum extent).
The patient wants to eliminate cosmetic defects as soon as possible. Conservative treatment can last several months or even years.
The patient is severely handicapped. The doctor considered it more expedient to first restore vision with the help of surgical intervention, and only then apply conservative methods to fix or improve the previously obtained result.

Important: The operation may be contraindicated only in cases where the patient has individual characteristics that are previously discussed with his specialist.

There are also some age restrictions. For example, the optimal age for surgery is considered to be 4-5 years old for a child. Younger patients may be denied. An exception is the congenital form of strabismus, which is corrected in 2-3 years. It is explained simply. After the operation, the patient must adhere to a special regimen and perform special exercises. Children under 4 years old will not be able to do this consciously and independently. The chances that the pathology will return are significantly increased.

Principles and types of surgical intervention to eliminate strabismus

Surgical intervention to correct strabismus is carried out by several types of operations. Sometimes a specialist picks one best option for this situation, but more often during the operation several types are combined with each other. More about each type.

Muscle recession involves the cutting off of tissues from the place of its physiological attachment. After clipping, the muscle is sutured. The specialist selects the optimal place for its future fastening. It can be a tendon, as well as a sclera. As a result, the fiber shifts back and its action weakens. If the fiber is displaced forward, the action of the muscles, on the contrary, is enhanced.
The operation of myectomy involves similar manipulations with cutting off the muscle. The difference from the previous type is the absence of a suturing procedure.
Less trauma to the eye organ can be achieved with the Faden operation. In this case, manipulations with cutting off the muscle are not performed. The fabric is immediately sutured to the sclera. This procedure uses non-absorbable sutures.
If the muscle is weakened and its action needs to be strengthened, a shortening operation is used. During surgery, part of the muscle is removed.
A different type of operation will help to get a similar effect. It involves creating a fold between the tendon and the muscle. It is possible that this fold is formed inside the body of the muscle itself.

Any of the selected operations to correct strabismus is carried out in compliance with the main principles. Correction must be gradual. The operation is performed on only one eye organ. On the second, the procedure is repeated after a few months (approximately 3-6). Although with a small mowing angle, the surgeon may decide to correct both eyes simultaneously, but this is often the exception.

Features of the operation

If the patient has severe strabismus, surgical intervention performed in several steps. The fact is that it is undesirable to carry out the operation on more than two muscles at a time.

Lengthening or shortening of the muscle must be carried out evenly from all sides. For example, if the muscle on the right is reduced in size, then on the left it must necessarily increase. In this case, the dimensions of excision and increase are necessarily identical.

Observing all the main principles of surgical intervention, the specialist tries to preserve the connection between the eyeball and the operated muscle as much as possible.

For adult patients, the correction is carried out under local anesthesia. At the end of the procedure, a bandage is applied to the patient. You can go home after a few hours. For children (of any age), general anesthesia is always used. AT without fail the child is hospitalized for a day, but cases with a longer stay in the hospital are not excluded.

Those who have the opportunity to correct the pathology in foreign clinics should pay attention to German and Israeli specialists. Their approach to such a correction is more radical. Almost all types of pathologies are corrected in one go. Another plus is the possibility of carrying out the operation for babies up to a year old.

Recovery period

Although the operation to correct strabismus is performed on the same day and the patient is immediately released home, this does not mean that there is no rehabilitation period. For a quick recovery, it will take some time to follow certain doctor's recommendations and perform special exercises for the eyes.

The first day after the operation, the eye organ will hurt, slightly redden and inflamed. This is the natural state. Also possible short-term visual impairment. During this period, each of your movements must be controlled, since any attempts to touch the eye can only end in increasing pain.

Important: Restoration of tissues of the eye organ and binocular vision comes a month later. Most patients see a double picture all the time. If after this period the vision is not restored, you need to contact an ophthalmologist.

In children, the adaptation period is significantly reduced. The main thing is to perform the exercises prescribed by a specialist and visit an ophthalmologist.

For active recovery a specialist may recommend the use of special corrective glasses, as well as from time to time to cover a healthy eye. This will help create a load on the operated organ. Muscles will develop faster and gain the desired rate.

What complications should be expected after surgery

Most frequent complication, which occurs in medical practice after surgery to eliminate strabismus - hypercorrection. It is formed with excessive lengthening or sewing in of the muscles of the eye organ. The main reasons for this undesirable effect:

surgeon's mistake;
wrong preliminary calculations;
the natural growth of the patient, which affects the increase in the size of the eye organ.

AT recent times specialists found best way minimize the risk of such complications. Increasingly, operations are performed with not cutting, but sewing in muscle folds. At the same time, the superimposed suture is regulated and the undesirable effect can be corrected in a minimally invasive way.

The formation of a rough scar at the site of muscle cut-off and its subsequent sewing. This method of surgical intervention deprives muscle tissue of mobility and elasticity, which are partially replaced by fibrous tissue. The only alternative at the moment is to reduce the size of the excised area.

Strabismus returns (recurs) after a while. This complication most often occurs through the fault of the patient himself, who neglects to comply with all the rules in postoperative period. In children, a relapse can occur due to a sharp increase in the load on the eye organ. For example, surgery to correct strabismus was performed at the age of five or six, and after a couple of months the child began to attend school.

The most serious, but very rare complication is injury during surgery. vagus nerve, which is responsible for the work of the lungs, organs of the gastrointestinal tract and muscles of the heart.

Patient reviews

Basically a lot negative reviews can be heard from parents who decided to have their child operated on in domestic clinics. They justify their dissatisfaction with the following comments.

In most clinics, there is no individual approach to each patient and the existing problem.
Refusal of specialists to carry out surgical intervention in early age, and the delay turns for a small patient into the progression of the disease and deterioration of vision.
Basically, all clinics use outdated methods and equipment during surgery and diagnostics. This does not make it possible to get a 100% result from the first operation. Correction of strabismus is performed with insufficient results and after a while it is necessary to carry out repeated surgical interventions.
There are few specialists in this profile, which greatly limits patients' choice.

Most parents note only temporary positive result. As soon as the school year begins and the child goes to school, the vision begins to fall again, and the strabismus returns. This is explained by the increased load on the eyes. Many children refuse to wear special corrective glasses at school. So that classmates do not laugh, they secretly take them off and hide them from adults. Less time is devoted to special exercises. All these negative factors lead to the fact that young people decide on a second operation only after finishing school.

Important: The older the patient, the less successful the strabismus surgery is.

How much does a strabismus surgery cost?

Cost of strabismus surgery different clinics is different. For example, if this is a state institution and the child is a minor, the operation can be performed free of charge. Treatment will also be free for adults, but only for those who have a compulsory medical insurance policy. It is worth noting that some private clinics also work with mandatory health insurance. The operation itself will be free, but additional services may be required that will need to be paid.

In the case of other private clinics, here the price can vary within 20,000 thousand rubles. The price fluctuates depending on the availability of modern equipment in the institution, the professionalism of the doctor, the complexity of the operation itself, etc.

Patients who are thinking of going to a German or Israeli clinic will have to count on an amount of about 7 thousand euros. But there is also one caveat. Contacting a foreign clinic through an intermediary will increase in price (about 2 times).

The ultimate goal in strabismus surgery is to restore a symmetrical (or as close to symmetrical) eye position as possible. Such operations, depending on the situation, can be performed both in adulthood and in children.

Types of operations to correct strabismus

In general, surgeries for strabismus are of two types. The first type of surgery is aimed at loosening an overly strained oculomotor muscle. An example of such operations is recession (crossing the muscle at the place of its attachment and moving it in such a way as to weaken its action), partial myotomy (partial excision of part of the muscle fibers), muscle plastic (for the purpose of lengthening). The second type of operations is aimed at strengthening the action of a weakened oculomotor muscle. An example of operations of the second type is resection (excision of a section of a weakened muscle near the site of attachment, followed by fixation of the shortened muscle), tenorrhaphy (shortening of the muscle by forming a fold in the area of the muscle tendon), anteposition (moving the place of fixation of the muscle in order to enhance its action).

Often, a combination of the above types of surgery (recession + resection) is used during surgery to correct strabismus. If after surgery there is residual strabismus that is not leveled by self-correction, it may be necessary to reoperation, which is usually performed after 6 to 8 months.

In order to achieve maximum efficiency during the operation to correct strabismus, it is necessary to adhere to several basic principles.

1. Excessive forcing of the process of surgical correction of strabismus often leads to unsatisfactory results. Therefore, all manipulations should be done in doses (if necessary, in several stages).

2. If it is necessary to weaken or strengthen individual muscles, dosed surgical intervention should be distributed evenly.

3. During the operation on a certain muscle, it is necessary to maintain its connection with the eyeball.

High-tech strabismus surgery:

Specialists of children's eye clinics developed modern high-tech radio wave surgery with the principles of mathematical modeling.

Advantages of high-tech eye surgery:

Operations are less traumatic, thanks to the use of radio waves, eye structures are preserved.
There are no terrible edema after the operations, the patient is discharged from the hospital the next day.
Operations are accurate.
Thanks to the principles of mathematical calculation, we can ensure the highest accuracy and show a guaranteed result of the operation even before it is carried out.
The rehabilitation period is reduced by 5-6 times.

The result of the operation: highly effective technologies of strabismus surgery make it possible to ensure a symmetrical gaze position in various types of strabismus, including those with small and unstable angles, to restore the mobility of the eyeball in paralytic strabismus in 98% of cases. it unique way help the patient effectively.

Results of surgery for strabismus

Surgical treatment of strabismus allows you to correct a cosmetic defect, which is a strong traumatic factor for patients of any age. However, to restore visual functions (i.e. binocular vision) after surgery, it is required A complex approach, which includes pleoptic therapy (it is aimed at the treatment of amblyopia associated with strabismus) and orthoptodiploptic therapy (restoration of deep vision and binocular functions).

A one-stage operation to correct strabismus in adults can be performed on an outpatient basis; in the treatment of children, hospitalization is required in most cases. The approximate recovery time after the operation is 1 week, but to recreate a full-fledged binocular vision, i.e. the ability to see a three-dimensional picture with two eyes at the same time, this is not enough. During the time that a person had strabismus, the brain, figuratively speaking, “forgot how” to combine images from both eyes into a single image, and it will take quite a long time and considerable effort to “teach” the brain this again.

It should be mentioned that, like any operation, the surgical correction of strabismus may be accompanied by the development of certain complications. One of the most common complications of surgery for strabismus is overcorrection (the so-called hypercorrection), due to an error in the calculations. Hypercorrection may occur immediately after surgery, or may develop after some time. For example, if the operation was performed in childhood, then in adolescence as the eye grows, the child may squint again. This complication is not irreparable and is easily corrected with the help of surgical intervention.

This surgery is performed in most ophthalmological centers Moscow and Russia (both commercial and state). When choosing a clinic for an operation to correct strabismus, it is important to study the possibilities of the clinic, the conditions of stay, the equipment of the clinic with modern equipment and other important points. It is equally important to choose the right doctor to perform the operation. after all, the prognosis of the cure will fully depend on his professionalism.

If you or your relatives have already undergone surgery to correct strabismus, we will be grateful if you leave feedback about the intervention and the clinic where the procedure was performed, as well as the results obtained.

The goal of extraocular muscle surgery for strabismus is to achieve correct eye position and, if possible, to restore binocular vision. However, the first step in the treatment of childhood strabismus is the correction of any significant refractive errors and/or amblyopia. Once the maximum possible visual function has been achieved in both eyes, any residual deviation must be corrected surgically.

muscle weakening surgery

This is the weakening of the muscle by moving the place of its attachment posteriorly towards the beginning of the muscle. Recession can be performed on any muscle except the superior oblique.

a) the exposure of the muscle belly is achieved through the lower temporal arcuate incision;

b) one or two absorbable sutures are placed on the muscle near the place of its attachment;

Back fixation seams

The principle of this intervention (operation Faden) is to reduce the strength of the muscles in the direction of their action without changing the place of attachment. The Faden operation can be used for ADHD and also for weakening the horizontal rectus muscles. When correcting the VIA, the recession of the superior rectus muscle is usually performed first. The belly of the muscle is then sutured to the sclera with a non-absorbable suture 12 mm posterior to its insertion.

a) after exposure of the muscle, two absorbable sutures are passed through the muscle at the marked points posterior to the place of its attachment;

b) a part of the muscle anterior to the sutures is excised, and the stump is sutured to the original attachment site

3. Education muscle or tendon folds are usually used to enhance the action of the superior oblique muscle in congenital IV cranial nerve palsy.

2. Move(suturing the muscle closer to the limbus) may provide increased action after a previous recession of the rectus muscle.

a) recession of the internal rectus muscle;

b) the lateral halves of the upper and lower rectus muscles are cut off and sutured to the upper and lower edges of the paretic lateral rectus muscles

2 Operation Jensen improves abduction and is combined with recession or CI toxin injection. bolulinum into the external rectus muscle.

Paralysis of the superior oblique muscle

1. congenital hypertropia with a large angle in the primary position. In this case, the fold of the superior oblique muscle is performed.

2. Acquired

a) small hypertropia is corrected by ipsilateral weakening of the inferior oblique muscle;

b) acquired medium to large angle hypertropia is corrected by ipsilateral inferior oblique weakness combined with ipsilateral superior rectus and/or contralateral superior rectus weakness. It must be taken into account that weakening of the inferior oblique and superior rectus muscles of the same eye can lead to hyperelevation;

2. The two ends of the thread are passed close to each other together through the stump at the attachment site.

3. The second suture is tied and tightly tightened around the muscular suture in front to secure it from the stump.

5. The conjunctiva remains open.

3. If a large recession is required, the knot is pulled anteriorly along the muscle suture, providing additional relaxation of the recessed muscle, and pushed back.

4. If less recession is required, the muscle suture is pulled anteriorly and the knot is pulled in the opposite direction of the muscle stump.

5. The conjunctiva is sutured.

A similar technique is used for resection of the rectus muscle.

Chemodenervation with botulinum toxin for strabismus

Main indications for chemodenervation:

To determine the function of the external rectus muscle in paralysis of the VI CN, in which the contracture of the internal rectus muscle interferes with abduction. A small dose of CI toxin. bolulinum is injected into the abdomen of the hyperactive antagonist (internal rectus muscle) under electromyographic control. Temporary paralysis of the muscle causes it to relax, and the action of the horizontal muscles of the eye is balanced, allowing you to evaluate the function of the external rectus muscle.

To determine the risk of postoperative diplopia and assess the potential of BZ. For example, in an adult patient with left exotropia and high visual acuity in both eyes, injection of CI toxin. bolulinum into the rectus externus of the left eye will either straighten the position of the eyes or converge.

However, placing a corrective prism in front of the deviated eye is often a simpler and more accurate method for assessing the risk of postoperative diplopia. If one of the ways indicates the possibility of diplopia, the patient can be informed about this. However, such dilopia. usually disappears spontaneously.

Eye surgery to correct strabismus

Often, surgery for strabismus does not immediately restore normal vision. Many will agree that it is a pity to look at a young pretty girl or child squinting. Without this cosmetic defect, everything would be fine. In addition, ophthalmologists recommend trying conservative treatments for strabismus before going under the knife.

What is strabismus or strabismus

Strabismus is a pathology in which one, both, or alternately the right and left eyes deviate from the normal position when looking directly. When a person looks at an object, the information received by each eye is slightly different, but visual analyzer in the cortical region of the brain, everything unites. With strabismus, the pictures are very different, so the brain ignores the frame from the squinting eye. The prolonged existence of strabismus leads to amblyopia - a reversible functional decrease in vision, when one eye is practically (or completely) not involved in the visual process.

Strabismus can be congenital or acquired. Newborns often have a floating or squinting gaze, especially after a difficult birth. Treatment by a neurologist can remove or alleviate the manifestations of birth trauma. Another cause may be a developmental anomaly or improper attachment of the oculomotor muscles (see Fig. 1).

Acquired strabismus occurs as a result of:

infectious disease: influenza, measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, etc.;
somatic diseases;
injuries;
a sharp drop in vision in one eye;
myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism of high and medium degree;
stress or severe fear;
paresis or paralysis;
diseases of the central nervous system.

How to get rid of strabismus

Strabismus corrects:

wearing special glasses;
a series of exercises for the eyes;
wearing a bandage covering one eye;
surgery to correct strabismus.

Inconsistent strabismus, when sometimes the right or left eye mows, they try to correct by wearing a bandage. Quite often, long-term use of specially designed glasses helps. Focusing exercises are recommended for almost all patients with strabismus. If all of the above methods did not correct vision, an operation is performed to correct strabismus. This type surgical intervention is carried out both in infancy and in adulthood.

Types of operations to correct strabismus

Found in children and adults the following types strabismus:

horizontal - converging and diverging relative to the bridge of the nose;
vertical;
combination of two types.

Doctors encounter convergent strabismus more often than divergent strabismus. Together with converging strabismus, the patient may have farsightedness. At nearsighted people divergent strabismus is usually observed.

During the operation can be carried out:

amplifying type operation;
debilitating operation.

In loosening surgery, the eye muscles are transplanted slightly further away from the cornea, which deflects the eyeball in the opposite direction.

During augmentation surgery, a small piece of the eye muscle is removed, which leads to its shortening. Then this muscle is sewn to the same place. Surgery to correct strabismus involves shortening and weakening of the necessary muscles, which restores the balance of the eyeball. The operation is performed on one or both eyes. The microsurgeon determines the type of surgical intervention when the patient is in a completely relaxed state on the operating table.

In some clinics, the operation is performed under local anesthesia only for adults. and in others, all patients are given general anesthesia. Depending on age, health status and other factors, mask (laryngeal), endotracheal anesthesia is performed using muscle relaxants or an alternative type of anesthesia.

It is important that during surgery the eyeball is motionless and there is no tone in the muscles, because the surgeon conducts a special test: he assesses the degree of restriction of eye movements by moving it in different directions.

An adult can go home after the operation on the same day. The child also needs preliminary hospitalization. Most often, mothers are in the hospital with children, and discharge occurs the next day after the operation. Recovery period takes about 14 days. After discharge, the patient prolongs sick leave or a referral from your clinic.

It should be noted that in 10-15% of cases, strabismus is not completely eliminated and a second operation may be necessary. Surgery with adjustable sutures helps to reduce the failure rate. After waking up the patient, the doctor after a while checks the condition of the eyes under local anesthesia. If there are deviations, he slightly tightens the knots of the seams and only then finally fixes them. All types of operations are performed with fully absorbable suture material.

In adults who have lived a significant time with strabismus, sometimes double vision after surgery, because the brain has lost the habit of perceiving the binocular image. If before the operation the doctor determined a high probability of developing double vision, the correction of strabismus is done in two stages so that the brain can gradually adapt.

Operation

A few days before surgery, you need to take blood tests, do an ECG and consult with some specialists. Do not eat for 8 hours before the operation. If it is scheduled for the morning, you can have dinner, and if in the afternoon, then a light breakfast is allowed. The child and mother are admitted to the hospital a couple of days before the operation. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia. The operation itself lasts 30-40 minutes, then the patient is taken out of anesthesia and transferred to the ward. All this time there is a bandage on the eye. After the operated patient has completely recovered from anesthesia, the surgeon examines him in the afternoon. He opens the blindfold, checks his eye, instills special drops and close it again. After that, adults are allowed to go home with detailed recommendations: what drugs to take, how to bury the eye, and when to come for a second examination. The bandage on the eye is left until the next morning. A week later, you need to come for an examination, where the doctor will assess the healing rate and the condition of the eye. The final assessment of the position of the eyes is carried out after 2-3 months.

A few weeks after the operation, special anti-inflammatory drops are used and (if necessary) antihistamines. The eye will be red and swollen. Sometimes the next morning the eye will stick together due to accumulated pus. No need to be scared: it is washed with warm boiled water or sterile saline. For a couple of days, the eyes will be very watery and sore, it will also seem that there are motes in the eye. The stitches dissolve on their own after 6 weeks.

Within a month after surgery, you need to carefully protect the eye. You can not swim, be in dusty rooms and play sports. Children at school are exempted from physical education for six months.

A month after the operation, you need to undergo a course of treatment. To return the binocular ability to see and recognize the correct picture, you need to go through a special hardware treatment in medical center. Some clinics have the Amblicor complex, developed by specialists from the Institute of the Brain. Treatment on this device is a computer video training. It helps to overcome the skill of suppressing the vision of one eye. While watching a cartoon or movie, the patient is continuously taking EEG of the visual cortex of the brain and readings about the work of the eyes. If a person sees with two eyes, the film continues, and if only with one, it stops. Thus, the brain is trained to perceive the image from both eyes.

Strabismus in children

Detected strabismus in children under one year old will not heal on its own, the child will not outgrow, the pathology will not disappear anywhere. If the disease is present and symptoms can be identified, treatment should not be delayed. Otherwise an unused squinting eye loses the ability to see, farsightedness or amblyopia develops- lazy eye syndrome

With the coordinated work of the visual apparatus, the muscles of both eyes work together, focusing the gaze on one point in space. In the case of strabismus, the work of the eye muscles is mismatched and the joint movement of the eyes becomes impossible.

Each eye is directed in its own direction (convergent or divergent strabismus), as a result of which the brain is not able to determine the amount of incoming information, to combine two images into one.

Causes

Converging strabismus in a child can be caused by the following reasons:

congenital (non-permanent) strabismus - may be present from birth or occur in the first months of life. The reasons are in fetal processes; infectious diseases of the mother or the consequences of microscopic hemorrhage;
visual acuity disorders (ametropia), causes - farsightedness, myopia, astigmatism;
a consequence of violations of the central nervous system of the child, the causes are cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus;
acquired (amblyopia) - past illnesses: diphtheria. measles, influenza, rubella;
consequences of fright or severe stress;
injuries, fractures, bruises.

Strabismus, depending on the timing of appearance, causes, complexity and degree of manifestation, can be: inconsistent, descending, hidden, friendly, imaginary.

Sometimes parents are terribly afraid of diagnoses of amblyopia. descending or imaginary strabismus in children under one year old, although such phenomena are temporary and are due to the immaturity of the visual apparatus, conducting channels and nerve endings.

Symptoms

Descending strabismus in children of any age is determined by the following signs:

the child is not able to direct both eyes at the same time to one arbitrarily chosen point (convergent, divergent or alternating strabismus);
unfriendly eye movement;
one eye visibly squints or closes in bright light (amblyopia);
the child has an involuntary desire to tilt his head at a certain angle to look at an object (hidden strabismus);
violation of the perception of the depth of space (the child may fall or stumble on objects).

Preschool and older children may have complaints of a fuzzy image, eye strain, increased photophobia, or bifurcation of objects. Symptoms may recur and worsen during periods of increased fatigue or illness.

In newborns and infants, farsightedness, as well as slight intermittent strabismus, is quite common. But since the disease is descending, after 4 - 5 months the eyes are aligned.

Treatment

It will be much easier to treat non-permanent convergent and divergent strabismus if the process is started in a timely manner. The types of treatment are as follows: conservative (therapy) and surgical (surgery). The therapeutic method includes special exercises and implies a complex and protracted treatment. Without surgery, strabismus, amblyopia and farsightedness are successfully treated.

The main steps in the treatment of strabismus are:

examination to determine the cause of strabismus;
preliminary correction of visual acuity (glasses or contact lenses);
diploptic and orthooptic apparatus treatment (restoration of binocularity);
elimination of amblyopia (amblyopia - lazy eye syndrome);
consolidation of the achieved effect.

Operation

The operation will be appropriate only in case of complete ineffectiveness therapeutic method. The most favorable period for such operations is the age of 4-5 years. A preschool child is able to follow all the recommendations and perform the necessary orthoptic exercises.

Congenital paralytic strabismus in children with a large angle of deviation, especially vertical divergent-alternating, therefore, surgical treatment of childhood strabismus is carried out at an earlier age.

Surgery to correct strabismus (surgical correction) involves two types of surgical solutions:

weakening of the overstressed oculomotor muscle after its intersection or partial excision of the muscle;
strengthening of weakened muscles by excision with their further fixation.

Both methods in their pure form are implemented infrequently, since in most cases the symptoms of the disease have to be treated in a combined way.

Depending on the complexity of the picture, the desired effect may not be achieved the first time. In this case, a second operation is prescribed, which is carried out no earlier than in 6-8 months.

At the first stage of surgical treatment, the goal is to remove a cosmetic defect, that is, to cure converging, divergent, less often alternating concomitant strabismus, traumatizing the psyche of a child of any age, after which amblyopia, farsightedness and visual function are treated.

Sometimes after surgical treatment strabismus in children is observed acquired specific complication- overcorrection. resulting from errors in calculations. The side effect develops not only immediately after the operation, but also a little later. In this case, the operation is repeated.

Gymnastics

To strengthen the eye motor muscles, experts recommend performing certain exercises:

raising a hand with an extended index finger and, performing a vertical downward movement, lower it, bringing the finger closer to the nose, and then repeat the same, but horizontally, moving the hand to the side;
"write" the eyes of a figure eight, make circular motions, then look up and down, left, right.

Very useful will be games with a ball or a shuttlecock. Table and tennis, football, volleyball contribute to the fact that the child follows the moving ball with his eyes, which constantly changes direction, approaches and moves away.

For children of preschool and school age working at the computer will be useful periodically look out the window, look at distant objects. focusing then look at something close.

Similar exercises are performed daily for 10-15 repetitions, afternoon or after dinner. If you are not lazy and take the issue seriously, the proposed gymnastics will help cure the disease.

The result of the treatment of strabismus is not only a successful operation, but also perseverance, a desire to recover and, of course, regular daily exercises.

Prevention

There are a number of rules, the observance of which will help correct concomitant strabismus in children, as well as preschool children and schoolchildren:

to avoid looking at one point, it is not recommended to hang a child of any age near the crib items that attract attention. It is optimal if there is access to the crib from all or at least several sides;
to prevent farsightedness and imaginary strabismus, rattles in the stroller should hang at arm's length baby;
necessary ensure an even load on the eyes the child, after which the brain will be able to evenly process the signals coming from outside;
acquaintance of the baby with the TV should take place at the age of not earlier than 3 years with the obligatory screen time limit ;
it is not allowed to watch TV lying down. to do this, you can put a pillow and take a half-sitting position;
need to carefully maintain correct posture. especially at your desk. Children with poor posture have a habit of leaning low over a table, which can result in amblyopia and farsightedness;
check and exclude literature with small print from the student's library;
small pictures and fonts in the monitor unnecessarily overload the eye muscles, therefore start communicating with a computer no earlier than 8 years ;
in the presence of hereditary factor, regular check-ups with an ophthalmologist- necessarily;
if possible protect the child from stress and mental trauma .

If this is not an imaginary strabismus, it is impossible to let the course of the disease take its course. The sooner you start treating its symptoms and doing special exercises, the better.

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Strabismus is a periodic or regular deviation of the eye axis from the point of fixation as a result of a violation of the work of the oculomotor muscles. It causes visual impairment.

Strabismus is also an external defect, as the eye can deviate to the left, right, up or down. With timely treatment, the process is reversible. In the article you will learn how to cure strabismus in adults.

Causes of the disease

The disorder may be congenital or acquired. Given the deviation of the eyes, it can be moving.

Causes of acquired strabismus in adults include:

congenital strabismus may occur due to impaired embryonic development, genetic diseases, premature birth, cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus, or congenital cataracts.

Is it possible to cure strabismus in adults, if it is congenital - no.

Associated symptoms

The disease is accompanied by the following symptoms:

Depending on the disease that caused the strabismus, speech disorders may occur motor activity , problems in the functioning of the vestibular apparatus, nausea, vomiting, memory problems, frequent losses consciousness.

If you have symptoms of strabismus, you should immediately seek the advice of a specialist.

Treatment

Treatment of congenital and acquired in childhood strabismus tends to be completed before the full formation of the eye. Correction of strabismus in adults is very difficult and unlikely.

First of all, the doctor must determine the cause of strabismus and, if possible, eliminate it. If the disease is caused by neoplasms, then surgical intervention is indicated. Traditionally, adult strabismus has been corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or laser correction.

If the cause of the disease is a cataract, cataract or retinal detachment, surgery is also indicated to correct this problem.

Surgical strabismus is treated if conservative methods do not give the desired result within a year.

With paralytic strabismus, surgery restores binocular vision only in rare cases. it rather a method elimination of a cosmetic defect.

Strabismus surgery in adults is performed under local or general anesthesia.. Depending on the angle of deviation of the eyes, various methods of surgical intervention are used. The operation is aimed at correcting the work of the eye muscles. They are lengthened or shortened in order to establish the balance necessary for the normal rotation of the eye in the orbit.

After the operation, conservative methods of treatment are not canceled. With a bilateral violation, surgical intervention is carried out in 2 stages: first, one eye is corrected, and after 6 months, the other.

Eye training methods using gymnastics and various devices are effective if the patient is less than 15 years old. In the future, the effect is weakly expressed or practically absent.

Since strabismus in adults is a consequence of a malfunction in the functioning of the nervous system, drugs that restore its functions can be prescribed as a medical treatment.

Strabismus Exercises

Is it possible to correct strabismus in adults with gymnastics? With the help of exercises for strabismus in adults, it will not be possible to completely get rid of the disease, but it is possible to stop its progression.

Before starting treatment, a healthy eye must be closed with a hand or a bandage, this is necessary in order to train the muscles of the second eye:

Straighten your arm and stick out your index finger. Focus your vision on its tip and slowly bring your finger closer to your nose at a distance of up to 10 cm. Repeat the exercise at least 10 times;
Move your eyes to the right, then to the left. You can draw dots on both sides, on which you will fix your eyes;
At the next stage, it is necessary to slowly raise and lower the eyes, holding them up and down as much as possible;
If the eye squints inward, then you need to extend your leg from the side where the squinting eye is located, and bend over, trying to reach your fingers. Then put your hand forward and watch it with a sore eye.

Exercises must be done systematically, only in this case there will be the necessary effect from their implementation.

Prevention in adults

Now you know how to treat strabismus in adults, but it is better to prevent the disease. In order to avoid violations in adulthood, it is necessary to follow a number of rules:

See a doctor in time for the treatment of diseases of the nose and ears;
People with high blood pressure or intracranial pressure it is necessary to regularly monitor it and take appropriate medications;
Patients predisposed to eye pathologies, for example, people with diabetes, need to take medication regularly to prevent visual impairment;
In order to avoid illness, it is worth getting rid of bad habits which often cause chronic diseases affecting vision.

It must be remembered that the disease will not disappear on its own, but with improper treatment or its absence, vision can deteriorate catastrophically.

Strabismus is mainly a childhood disease. But adults can also suffer from it. And yet it is treatable. Strabismus should be treated to normalize visual functions and to prevent the development of dangerous complications that can lead to decreased vision.

Sometimes conventional treatment for strabismus does not work. Then it will be appropriate to prescribe the patient surgery. The choice of treatment methods is carried out exclusively by the doctor and depends on the indicators of the patient's visual system.

Surgery is a reliable treatment for strabismus. It allows you to restore the symmetrical position of the eyes by changing the muscle balance. Let's talk about the benefits of treatment surgical method How is strabismus surgery performed? Consider the types of operations and possible complications.

How strabismus manifests itself

Squint is ophthalmic disease, which is characterized by the inability, under certain circumstances, to focus on the object. In adults, this occurs as a result of dysfunction, including paralysis of some eye muscles.

The classification of the disease is determined not only by the location of the eyeball, but also by the reasons why such a pathology occurs. The movement of the eyeball is carried out using the work of six muscles that are attached to it.

Synchronization of the movement of both eyes is provided by a complex system nerve impulses in the brain.

Partially, it is craniocerebral trauma that also causes the development of the disease in an adult. One eyeball starts to go to the side.

Classification according to the location of the eyes and the angle of strabismus distinguishes between the following types of disease: descending (eyes directed to the middle); vertical strabismus (the apple of the eye is directed upwards); divergent (eyes directed to the temples).

The main signs of strabismus consist in the visual deviation of one of the eyes or both eyeballs from the bridge of the nose.

Ophthalmologists also call such clinical manifestations ailments that help the patient independently determine the presence or progression of the disease:

the appearance of a dual image, the person began to see worse (glasses are not able to correct it);
squinting eyes to improve focus;
third
fourth
fifth approximate head movements in an attempt to improve image clarity.

Such symptoms of strabismus in adults are quite common, and one thing can be said, they are the main ones at the first manifestations of the disease.

Known forms

known forms. Source: uglaznogo.ru

Strabismus can be congenital or acquired. In the first case, it develops in the embryonic period, or within six months after the birth of the child. In the second case, strabismus can appear at any stage of a person's life.

Strabismus can be convergent (horizontal), divergent and vertical. Vertical strabismus occurs when one or both eyes look down or up, but it is not common.

Monocular strabismus is a disorder of one eye. At the same time, it eventually loses its efficiency due to the adaptation of the brain to the work of the only healthy eye. Alternating strabismus is a disorder in both eyes.

It is less dangerous than monocular, as it does not lead to loss of vision, since both eyes work, albeit alternately.

Convergent strabismus is characterized by the movement of the eyes to the bridge of the nose, and divergent - by the movement to the temples. Strabismus can also manifest itself in different ways.

According to the causes of strabismus, it is divided into concomitant and paralytic. The first form develops in children. The mobility of the eyes is preserved, there is no double vision.

The second form of strabismus develops after damage to the eye muscles or paralysis, it may appear due to problems with the brain, nervous system. Paralytic strabismus is characterized by the fact that the eyes are not limited in movement.

Possible treatment options

Possible options treatment. Source: www.belmed.by

Treatment of strabismus in adults is based on the same principles as treatment in children. But there are also differences. They are related to the cause of the disease.

Correction of vision with glasses or contact lenses if strabismus is caused by nearsightedness or farsightedness of one of the eyes. Normalization of vision allows you to eliminate strabismus.
Occlusion - stickers on the eyes. This is an additional treatment. A bandage or sticker covers the healthy eye so that the muscles of the diseased eye become stronger.
Hardware treatment is a program of exercises aimed at coordinating eye movements. Such exercises train the eyes and the brain, teach the muscles of both eyes to act in parallel.
A surgical operation during which not only an external defect is eliminated, but also the length or location of the eye muscles is corrected.

In adults, strabismus often occurs as a complication of other diseases, therefore, treatment of strabismus should begin with finding out the cause and treating the underlying disease. If the underlying disease is not cured, then getting rid of strabismus may be useless - it will return again.

Indications for surgery

indications for surgery. Source: medceh.ru

The moments that determine the need for surgical intervention in the treatment of the disease in question are:

the failure of the integrated non-surgical treatment that took place 1-2 years;
non-commodative strabismus;
paralytic strabismus;
with a very strong degree of strabismus. It requires several operations on the same organ. If the strabismus covers both eyes, a break in operations on the left / right eye should be at least 6 months.

The fundamental moment of the operation is the revival of symmetry in terms of the placement of the organs of vision. This is done by regulating muscle balancing. The abilities of weak muscles are increased, strong ones are reduced.

Operation types

Types of operations. Source: eyepress.ru

Exist a large number of methods of surgical influence on the oculomotor muscles in concomitant strabismus. All of them can be divided into two groups:

operations that weaken the action of the muscles;
operations that enhance their effect.

Of the operations that weaken the action of the muscles, the most common are muscle recession (back transplant) and partial myotomy (at small angles).

Of the operations that enhance the action of muscles, most ophthalmic surgeons use shortening of the muscle by partial resection and suturing it to the anatomical site of attachment. The width of the palpebral fissure and the effect of surgical intervention on it should also be taken into account.

Operations that enhance the action of the muscle narrow the palpebral fissure somewhat, while weakening operations slightly expand it. With monolateral strabismus, the operation is performed only on the squinting eye, more often it is a combination of recession and resection. With alternating strabismus, symmetrical operations on both eyes are preferred.

With a combination of eye deviation horizontally and vertically, it is advisable to first perform an operation on the horizontal muscles with their transposition vertically. This often eliminates vertical deviation or significantly reduces it.

If necessary, the second stage corrects the vertical deviation by intervention on the muscles of vertical action.

In A-V syndrome, most ophthalmic surgeons perform symmetrical operations on two internal or two external rectus muscles.

It is not recommended even at significant angles of strabismus to simultaneously operate on more than two muscles. If after the operation the residual angle of strabismus persists, then after 6-8 months the second stage of the operation is performed.

The parents of the child should be warned about this possibility so that the first operation is not regarded as a failure.

After surgery for strabismus, a revision of the optical correction is required. With convergent strabismus and hyperopic refraction, in case of hypoeffect of the operation, the previous correction should be left or a slight penalization with decentration of the glasses outwards should be prescribed, when the symmetrical position of the eyes is established, the correction should be weakened.

If the eyes are symmetrical in distance vision, and deviation towards the nose is noted, bifocal glasses with stronger lenses in the lower section should be prescribed. If there is a tendency to hypereffect, then do not prescribe spherical plus points, with hypermetropic astigmatism - leave only a cylindrical correction.

In the presence of vertical deviations after operations, the appointment of elastic Fresnel prisms or decentration may be beneficial spectacle lenses by the method described above. With myopic refraction after surgery, glasses are assigned according to general rules correction of this type of refraction, regardless of the type of strabismus and the position of the eyes (ES Avetisov, 1977).

A child operated on for concomitant strabismus should be regularly observed by an ophthalmologist and be sure to receive orthopto-diploptic treatment. The remaining micro-angles after surgery should be eliminated in the course of treatment. Hardware treatment should ensure the development of binocular and stereoscopic vision.

Often, a combination of the above types of surgery (recession + resection) is used during surgery to correct strabismus.

If there is residual strabismus after surgery that does not self-correct, a second operation may be required, which is usually performed after 6 to 8 months.

In order to achieve maximum efficiency during the operation to correct strabismus, it is necessary to adhere to several basic principles.

Excessive forcing of the process of surgical correction of strabismus often leads to unsatisfactory results. Therefore, all manipulations should be done in doses (if necessary, in several stages).
If it is necessary to weaken or strengthen individual muscles, dosed surgical intervention should be distributed evenly.
During the operation on a certain muscle, it is necessary to maintain its connection with the eyeball.

Learn more about strabismus surgery

Features of this method

Surgery often takes place in 2-3 stages, if necessary, pleoptic treatment is performed, after restoring the correct position of the eyes - orthopto-diploptic.

One should not hurry with the operation in children with partially accommodative strabismus and a small angle of deviation - up to 10 degrees - and a clear tendency to decrease it.

In these cases, it is necessary to extend the active conservative treatment using all shown and available methods, and the decision on surgical treatment to be postponed for more late deadline. In some of these children, the treatment of strabismus was successfully completed without surgical intervention.

The issue of the need for surgical treatment of children with convergent strabismus remains debatable in cases where glasses have a symmetrical position of the eyes and binocular vision, and without glasses there is a deviation to the nose and binocular vision is impaired.

Many ophthalmologists believe that in such cases it is necessary to operatively weaken the internal rectus muscles (their recession) and achieve the correct position of the eyes without glasses.

The experience of monitoring such children after operations does not confirm the correctness of this position, since some children with similar data had the appearance of secondary divergent strabismus.

After analyzing the cases of this unpleasant complication, we identified the causes of its occurrence.

The binocular vision that was available before the operation was destroyed during surgery on the oculomotor muscles, and after the operation no vigorous measures were taken to restore it, to develop strong fusional reserves that could prevent secondary deviation of the eyeball.
In some children, a change in the configuration of the orbits due to bone growth was important facial skull, which, with instability or lack of binocular vision, led to the appearance of divergent strabismus.
In some children, the optical positive spherical correction was not weakened in a timely manner, which could prevent the appearance of outward deviation.

If the child has established a symmetrical position of the eyes and developed binocular vision with glasses, then there are chances to achieve this without glasses. This takes time and persistent treatment.

In such cases, we train the oculomotor muscles on a muscle trainer, strengthen the external rectus muscles with electrical stimulation, develop and train negative fusional reserves, perform exercises to disengage between accommodation and convergence, and strengthen binocular vision with orthopto-diploptic exercises.

The symmetrical position of the eyes and binocular vision are gradually established even without glasses.

If the patient for some reason cannot receive such treatment, then all the more he cannot be operated on. By destroying his binocular vision by the operation and not being able to restore it, we increase the risk of developing secondary divergent strabismus.

Patients with asymmetric binocular vision should not be operated on. If there is a deviation in the study on the color test and with the help of striped Bagolini glasses, they have binocular vision, and on the synoptophore in the zero position of the optical heads, the fusion of objects is determined.

After prompt recovery symmetrical position of the eyes in these patients appears persistent diplopia, which disappears only after the return of the eyes to the previous oblique position (recurrence of strabismus).

Children with such an anomaly are subject to long-term vigorous treatment to destroy and weaken the abnormal functional connections formed in the higher parts of the visual analyzer, and only after the treatment can be operated on.

The main stages of surgical intervention

Surgical intervention in the treatment of concomitant strabismus is used in cases where conservative methods fail to achieve a symmetrical position of the eyes. All children with non-accommodative strabismus and 35-40% with partially accommodative strabismus are subject to surgical treatment.

Most ophthalmologists consider the most favorable age for surgery to be 4-6 years (before entering school), when the effect of glasses on the angle of strabismus has already been clearly defined and it is already possible to carry out orthooptic exercises in the pre- and postoperative periods.

The exception is children with congenital and early onset strabismus with a large deviation angle of 45° or more. Correcting such a large deviation with a one-time operation is not possible, so surgical treatment carried out in two, and sometimes in three stages.

The first stage - reducing the angle of strabismus - should be carried out, if possible, earlier, in the first or second year of life, as soon as the general condition of the child allows the use of anesthesia and surgery.
The second stage - correction of strabismus - can be carried out at 4 - 5 years.

The entire period between the first and second surgery, the child should receive the treatment indicated in each specific case: optical and therapeutic correction, direct or alternate occlusion, penalization, training of the oculomotor muscles, and, if possible, hardware pleoptic and orthooptic treatment.

Is it worth it to have surgery?

When deciding on an operation for strabismus, you need to know that such a surgical intervention allows you to get rid of the external manifestations of strabismus, but does not always return the ability to see well.

In the ophthalmology clinic, strabismus surgery is performed on patients who, for one reason or another, did not receive treatment in childhood or who developed strabismus already in adulthood, for example, as a result of an injury. Operations for strabismus are of two types: amplifying and weakening.

During the loosening operation, the place of attachment of the muscle is changed, it is transplanted further from the cornea. That is, there is a weakening strong muscle(the one towards which the eye is tilted).

During augmentation surgery, the muscle is shortened by removing part of it, the place of attachment of the muscle to the eyeball remains the same.

That is, the action of a weak, opposite muscle is enhanced. As a result, such surgical intervention allows you to restore the correct muscle balance, strengthen or weaken one of the muscles that move the eyeball.

The type of operation is determined by the surgeon directly on the operating table, since with such a surgical intervention it is necessary to take into account many features: the angle of strabismus, the location of the muscles in a particular person, the state of the oculomotor apparatus, the age of the patient, and others.

As a rule, several muscles are operated on. Sometimes both eyes are operated on at once, with some types of strabismus, only one eye is operated on. There are cases when an ophthalmic surgeon performs a combined operation on both eyes on both strong and weak muscles. This operation is performed in several stages.

Preparing for the operation

Preparation for the operation.

What is strabismus or strabismus

Strabismus is a pathology in which one, both, or alternately the right and left eyes deviate from the normal position when looking directly. When a person looks at an object, the information received by each eye is slightly different, but the visual analyzer in the cortical brain unites everything. With strabismus, the pictures are very different, so the brain ignores the frame from the squinting eye. The prolonged existence of strabismus leads to amblyopia - a reversible functional decrease in vision, when one eye is practically (or completely) not involved in the visual process.

Acquired strabismus occurs as a result of:

infectious disease: influenza, measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, etc.;

somatic diseases;

injuries;

a sharp drop in vision in one eye;

myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism of high and medium degree;

stress or severe fear;

paresis or paralysis;

diseases of the central nervous system.

How to get rid of strabismus

Strabismus corrects:

wearing special glasses;

a series of exercises for the eyes;

wearing a bandage covering one eye;

surgery to correct strabismus.

Inconsistent strabismus, when sometimes the right or left eye mows, they try to correct by wearing a bandage. Quite often, long-term use of specially designed glasses helps. Focusing exercises are recommended for almost all patients with strabismus. If all of the above methods did not correct vision, an operation is performed to correct strabismus. This type of surgery is performed both in infancy and in adulthood.

Types of operations to correct strabismus

The following types of strabismus occur in children and adults:

horizontal - converging and diverging relative to the bridge of the nose;
vertical;
combination of two types.

Doctors encounter convergent strabismus more often than divergent strabismus. Together with converging strabismus, the patient may have farsightedness. People who are nearsighted usually have divergent strabismus.

During the operation can be carried out:

amplifying type operation;
debilitating operation.

In loosening surgery, the eye muscles are transplanted slightly further away from the cornea, which deflects the eyeball in the opposite direction.

An adult can go home after the operation on the same day. The child also needs preliminary hospitalization. Most often, mothers are in the hospital with children, and discharge occurs the next day after the operation. The recovery period takes about 14 days. After discharge, the patient extends the sick leave or certificate in his clinic.

Operation

A few days before surgery, you need to take blood tests, do an ECG and consult with some specialists. Do not eat for 8 hours before the operation. If it is scheduled for the morning, you can have dinner, and if in the afternoon, then a light breakfast is allowed. The child and mother are admitted to the hospital a couple of days before the operation. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia. The operation itself lasts 30-40 minutes, then the patient is taken out of anesthesia and transferred to the ward. All this time there is a bandage on the eye. After the operated patient has completely recovered from anesthesia, the surgeon examines him in the afternoon. He opens the bandage, checks the eye, instills special drops and closes it again. After that, adults are allowed to go home with detailed recommendations: what drugs to take, how to bury the eye, and when to come for a second examination. The bandage on the eye is left until the next morning. A week later, you need to come for an examination, where the doctor will assess the healing rate and the condition of the eye. The final assessment of the position of the eyes is carried out after 2-3 months.

A few weeks after the operation, special anti-inflammatory drops and (if necessary) antihistamines are used. The eye will be red and swollen. Sometimes the next morning the eye will stick together due to accumulated pus. No need to be scared: it is washed with warm boiled water or sterile saline. For a couple of days, the eyes will be very watery and sore, it will also seem that there are motes in the eye. The stitches dissolve on their own after 6 weeks.

Within a month after surgery, you need to carefully protect the eye. You can not swim, be in dusty rooms and play sports. Children at school are exempted from physical education for six months.

A month after the operation, you need to undergo a course of treatment. To return the binocular ability to see and recognize the correct picture, you need to undergo special hardware treatment at the medical center. Some clinics have the Amblicor complex, developed by specialists from the Institute of the Brain. Treatment on this device is a computer video training. It helps to overcome the skill of suppressing the vision of one eye. While watching a cartoon or movie, the patient is continuously taking EEG of the visual cortex of the brain and readings about the work of the eyes. If a person sees with two eyes, the film continues, and if only with one, it stops. Thus, the brain is trained to perceive the image from both eyes.

Strabismus in children

Causes

Converging strabismus in a child can be caused by the following reasons:

congenital (non-permanent) strabismus - may be present from birth or occur in the first months of life. The reasons are in fetal processes; infectious diseases of the mother or the consequences of microscopic hemorrhage;
visual acuity disorders (ametropia), causes - farsightedness, myopia, astigmatism;
a consequence of violations of the central nervous system of the child, the causes are cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus;
acquired (amblyopia) - past illnesses: diphtheria. measles, influenza, rubella;
consequences of fright or severe stress;
injuries, fractures, bruises.

Strabismus, depending on the timing of appearance, causes, complexity and degree of manifestation, can be: inconsistent, descending, hidden, friendly, imaginary.

Symptoms

Descending strabismus in children of any age is determined by the following signs:

the child is not able to direct both eyes at the same time to one arbitrarily chosen point (convergent, divergent or alternating strabismus);

unfriendly eye movement;

one eye visibly squints or closes in bright light (amblyopia);

the child has an involuntary desire to tilt his head at a certain angle to look at an object (hidden strabismus);

violation of the perception of the depth of space (the child may fall or stumble on objects).

In newborns and infants, farsightedness, as well as slight intermittent strabismus, is quite common. But since the disease is descending, after 4 - 5 months the eyes are aligned.

Treatment

The main steps in the treatment of strabismus are:

examination to determine the cause of strabismus;

preliminary correction of visual acuity (glasses or contact lenses);

diploptic and orthooptic apparatus treatment (restoration of binocularity);

elimination of amblyopia (amblyopia - lazy eye syndrome);

consolidation of the achieved effect.

Operation

The operation will be appropriate only in case of complete ineffectiveness of the therapeutic method. The most favorable period for such operations is the age of 4-5 years. A preschool child is able to follow all the recommendations and perform the necessary orthoptic exercises.

Surgery to correct strabismus (surgical correction) involves two types of surgical solutions:

weakening of the overstressed oculomotor muscle after its intersection or partial excision of the muscle;

strengthening of weakened muscles by excision with their further fixation.

Both methods in their pure form are implemented infrequently, since in most cases the symptoms of the disease have to be treated in a combined way.

Depending on the complexity of the picture, the desired effect may not be achieved the first time. In this case, a second operation is prescribed, which is carried out no earlier than in 6-8 months.

Sometimes, after surgical treatment of strabismus in children, an acquired specific complication is observed - hypercorrection. resulting from errors in calculations. The side effect develops not only immediately after the operation, but also a little later. In this case, the operation is repeated.

Gymnastics

To strengthen the eye motor muscles, experts recommend performing certain exercises:

raising a hand with an extended index finger and, performing a vertical downward movement, lower it, bringing the finger closer to the nose, and then repeat the same, but horizontally, moving the hand to the side;

“write” a figure eight with your eyes, make circular movements, then look up and down, left, right.

For children of preschool and school age working at the computer will be useful periodically look out the window, look at distant objects. focusing then look at something close.

Similar exercises are performed daily for 10-15 repetitions, afternoon or after dinner. If you are not lazy and take the issue seriously, the proposed gymnastics will help cure the disease.

The result of the treatment of strabismus is not only a successful operation, but also perseverance, a desire to recover and, of course, regular daily exercises.

Prevention

There are a number of rules, the observance of which will help correct concomitant strabismus in children, as well as preschool children and schoolchildren:

to avoid looking at one point, it is not recommended to hang a child of any age near the crib items that attract attention. It is optimal if there is access to the crib from all or at least several sides;

to prevent farsightedness and imaginary strabismus, rattles in the stroller should hang at arm's length baby;

necessary ensure an even load on the eyes the child, after which the brain will be able to evenly process the signals coming from outside;

acquaintance of the baby with the TV should take place at the age of not earlier than 3 years with the obligatory screen time limit ;

it is not allowed to watch TV lying down. to do this, you can put a pillow and take a half-sitting position;

need to carefully maintain correct posture. especially at your desk. Children with poor posture have a habit of leaning low over a table, which can result in amblyopia and farsightedness;

check and exclude literature with small print from the student's library;

small pictures and fonts in the monitor unnecessarily overload the eye muscles, therefore start communicating with a computer no earlier than 8 years ;

in the presence of a hereditary factor, regular check-ups with an ophthalmologist- necessarily;

if possible protect the child from stress and mental trauma .

If this is not an imaginary strabismus, it is impossible to let the course of the disease take its course. The sooner you start treating its symptoms and doing special exercises, the better.

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Strabismus

Types of operations to correct strabismus

Often, a combination of the above types of surgery (recession + resection) is used during surgery to correct strabismus. If there is residual strabismus after surgery that does not self-correct, a second operation may be required, which is usually performed after 6 to 8 months.

In order to achieve maximum efficiency during the operation to correct strabismus, it is necessary to adhere to several basic principles.

1. Excessive forcing of the process of surgical correction of strabismus often leads to unsatisfactory results. Therefore, all manipulations should be done in doses (if necessary, in several stages).

2. If it is necessary to weaken or strengthen individual muscles, dosed surgical intervention should be distributed evenly.

3. During the operation on a certain muscle, it is necessary to maintain its connection with the eyeball.

High-tech strabismus surgery:

Specialists of children's eye clinics have developed modern high-tech radio wave surgery with the principles of mathematical modeling.

Advantages of high-tech eye surgery:

Operations are less traumatic, thanks to the use of radio waves, eye structures are preserved.
There are no terrible edema after the operations, the patient is discharged from the hospital the next day.
Operations are accurate.
Thanks to the principles of mathematical calculation, we can ensure the highest accuracy and show a guaranteed result of the operation even before it is carried out.
The rehabilitation period is reduced by 5-6 times.

Results of surgery for strabismus

Surgical treatment of strabismus allows you to correct a cosmetic defect, which is a strong traumatic factor for patients of any age. However, to restore visual functions (i.e., binocular vision) after surgery, an integrated approach is required, which includes pleoptic therapy (it is aimed at treating amblyopia associated with strabismus) and orthoptodiploptic therapy (restoration of deep vision and binocular functions).

It should be mentioned that, like any operation, the surgical correction of strabismus may be accompanied by the development of certain complications. One of the most common complications of surgery for strabismus is overcorrection (the so-called hypercorrection), due to an error in the calculations. Hypercorrection may occur immediately after surgery, or may develop after some time. For example, if the operation was performed in childhood, then in adolescence, when the eye grows, the child may again develop strabismus. This complication is not irreparable and is easily corrected with the help of surgical intervention.

This surgical intervention is performed in most ophthalmological centers in Moscow and Russia (both commercial and public). When choosing a clinic for an operation to correct strabismus, it is important to study the possibilities of the clinic, the conditions of stay, the equipment of the clinic with modern equipment and other important points. It is equally important to choose the right doctor to perform the operation. after all, the prognosis of the cure will fully depend on his professionalism.

Strabismus in children (diagnosis, methods of treatment)

Strabismus(eye deviation) is one of the main problems of pediatric ophthalmology. At birth, the connection between the eyes is not yet formed in a child, and therefore, for some time (usually up to 6 months), intermittent strabismus may occur. However, after 6 months, when the joint work of the eyeballs begins to form and binocular vision appears, the position of the eyes should be correct and stable. If the strabismus persists, then the child must be immediately examined by an ophthalmologist. This is due to the fact that eye deviation can be not only an independent disease, but also be a sign of other diseases (cataract, glaucoma, congenital uveitis, diseases optic nerve, retina). There are two main types of strabismus: friendly and paretic.

Concomitant strabismus usually appears in early childhood. With this type of strabismus, all the oculomotor muscles function, but for some reason, the joint work of the muscles is disrupted. Depending on which muscles have disrupted their joint work, the eyeball deviates in one direction or another. The deviation of the eye inwards (toward the nose) is called convergent strabismus, the deviation outward (towards the temple) is divergent, and if the eyeball deviates in a vertical direction, regardless of up or down -\u003e vertical.

In the case when the eyes "mow" alternately, such strabismus is called alternating, if one eye "mows" - monolateral.

Treatment of concomitant strabismus begins with the definition of refraction. The term refraction refers to the state of the optical apparatus of the eye, which can have several options:

farsightedness or "+", myopia or "-" or astigmatism - a combination of farsightedness or myopia of varying degrees, or a combination of farsightedness with myopia.

To determine refraction, atropinization is performed (long-term instillation of Atropine solution). After that, the child is examined, refractive indices are determined. According to the received data, a correction is prescribed (glasses or contact lenses). The definition of refraction and the appointment of correction for concomitant strabismus is necessary to identify another group of varieties of this disease: accommodative, partially accommodative or non-accommodative.

If strabismus disappears when wearing glasses or contact lenses, it is called accommodative, if not corrected by glasses - non-accommodative, and when these two forms are combined, strabismus is called partially accommodative. (see photo)

accommodative strabismus (disappears when wearing glasses)

partially accommodative strabismus (does not completely disappear when wearing glasses)

Accommodative strabismus does not require surgical treatment!

And non-accommodative or partially accommodative are subject to surgical treatment.

The timing of surgical treatment is determined by the ophthalmologist. Most optimal age for the treatment of strabismus - 4-6 years. It should be noted that quite often several stages of surgical treatment are required.

There is another important point in the tactics of treating concomitant strabismus. In the monolateral variant, when only one eye “mows”, amblyopia very often develops. This condition is associated with the absence of visual load on the deviated eye, so it does not develop and visual acuity is low. Amblyopia can be of varying degrees depending on how long the eye deviates. The more eyes "mows", the more pronounced amblyopia.

In severe cases, it requires serious complex treatment, but the most important thing is the temporary closure (occlusion) of the healthy eye so that the patient can work. The earlier it started amblyopia treatment. the better the effect (higher visual acuity). Optimal timing from 1 year to 7-8 years. The treatment of amblyopia takes a fairly long period of time and requires great perseverance and patience of parents. The goal of amblyopia treatment is to achieve good visual acuity and, thus, transform the monolateral type of strabismus into an alternating one, which is the key to successful surgical treatment in the future.

Another type of strabismus paretic. characterized by the fact that the work of any oculomotor muscle or muscle group is impaired. This may be due most often to a violation of the innervation of the muscle. There are a large number of variants of such strabismus, including the so-called atypical forms (vertical, Duane and Brown syndrome, hyperfunction of the inferior oblique muscles).

This variant of strabismus at first glance may not even appear, i.e. be not constant or appear only when the eyeballs move in one direction or another. One of the variants of such strabismus - paresis of the superior oblique muscles with hyperfunction of the inferior oblique muscles - is shown in the photo.

Condition before surgery

The position of the eyes in the straight position is correct, but the eye movements are not symmetrical. When looking to the side, for example, to the right, the eyeball also deviates upward (pronounced hyperfunction of the inferior oblique muscle).

Condition after surgery

Eye movements became symmetrical. The upward deviation of the eye when looking to the side disappeared.

Like any surgical treatment, strabismus surgery can have complications. The most common complication is hypercorrection of strabismus, i.e. deviation of the eyeball in the opposite direction - can develop at different times, both immediately after surgery and after a few years.

Most often, this condition develops in adolescence, and the operation was performed at the age of 4-5 years for convergent strabismus. You should not be afraid of this complication, since it is quite easily amenable to surgical correction. (see photo)

Condition before surgery Condition after surgery

A revision of the operated muscles is made with their transplantation to the original site of attachment, and the secondary divergent strabismus disappears.

The ultimate goal of the complex treatment of strabismus is the formation of binocular vision, i.e. vision with two eyes.

The optimal terms of surgical treatment are 3-7 years. During this period, children tolerate the operation quite easily. Children in adolescence, even with monolateral (unilateral) strabismus, doubling is often bothered. It is better to operate on the child before he goes to school. At the same time, there will be no difficulty in social adaptation. Surgical treatment of strabismus, especially complex forms, is usually carried out in several stages (operations).

The intervals between stages are usually 3 to 6 months. During this period, the scarring of the operated muscle is completed, new relationships between the eyes are formed. The intervals between the stages of operations should not be very large, since with a long-term small angle of strabismus, an abnormal connection between the eyes (abnormal correspondence of the retina) is often formed. The brain in this case believes that the position of the eyes is correct. In this case, the repeated operation may not give the desired result, since after it there is double vision, and the eyes return to their original position after a certain period.

In our department, consultations are held for patients with any form of strabismus. We can give qualified recommendations for conservative and surgical treatment.

If it seems to you that your child has strabismus, if he squints and has been treated for a long time, if he has already been operated on and the result of the operation does not satisfy you, we are waiting for you in our department.

Information about consultation and hospitalization, as well as the cost of surgical treatment and consumables, you can get in the relevant sections.

Tell me please, a child of 5 years old was told to do an operation, mows his left eye, I would like to know, it can only be corrected surgically? And how much will it cost? Thank you!

Hello, I am 18 years old. I have strabismus in my right eye. sometimes I can see it and sometimes I can't see it. please tell me if they do laser surgery and how much it will cost. Is it safe to do laser surgery? Thank you

This requires a second operation. Unfortunately, it is only possible to decide on the possibility of helping in the operating room, when studying the altered anatomy of the eye muscles. Appointment for consultation and surgery - on the website.

Good day. I was injured in my left eye at the age of 5, foreign body removed and a week later the infection went, the lens had to be removed. in your hospital, I was given an artificial lens at the age of 16, during all this time, until the eye could see, it squinted, after the operation, the eyes became more responsive when moving left to right. Then he came and removed the stitches, and did a computer operation to increase the sensitivity of movement and reflexes. I all dream of someday doing an operation to correct strabismus, people's views and. etc. already got it. Vision after the operation did not return to 100%, if you have an operation, how long do you think the effect will be? or he will squint again. and how much does the operation cost at the moment. the second question is, probably, technology has gone ahead long ago, if it is possible to re-do the operation and put in a better lens that will return vision close to good, and how much they cost now. Thanks in advance for your reply.

The cost of surgery to correct strabismus today is 11,400 rubles. The terms of preservation of the postoperative effect vary considerably from many reasons. About the replacement artificial lens. In short, such an operation will be denied to you. And it's not about modern technologies, but in the great trauma of this procedure, unjustified risks and many complications. Registration for diagnostics and possible surgical treatment is available on the website.

Thanks for the answer. there is one more question, a diagnostic record for you, how long you need to wait in line, and upon arrival on the same day, you can meet it or not. and how quickly it all happens. I live in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny, getting there is not a problem. Can I book a consultation on weekdays only? previously you had an operation, although it was 14 years ago, my data and medical history probably have not been preserved, the fact is that honey. the book in the clinic was lost a long time ago, and in the new one only acute respiratory infections. I can only retell the story in words.

There is no queue for recording. There is a live queue during diagnostics in the clinic. Please contact us at a convenient time for you, taking into account our work schedule. The old card is no longer in the registry - they are stored for 5 years from the date of the last application. On the day of treatment, you undergo diagnostics, surgery, if there are indications - the next day.

Surgery to correct strabismus is possible. The cost today is 11,400 rubles (the price of 1 eye). Registration for diagnostics and possible surgical treatment is available on the website.

Good afternoon. Daughter is 2 years old. She was born premature at 35 weeks. From the year there is a descending horizontal strabismus. Every day, on the recommendation of a doctor, we glue the eyes alternately. Zero effect. Prompt please effective methods of treatment and in what years it is recommended to do or make operation. And then our district doctors know only treatment by sticking eyes!

Also, if there is ametropia, for example, farsightedness, constant wearing of glasses and, possibly, hardware treatment is indicated. Surgery for strabismus is usually performed from 2 years of age.

When one or the other eye alternately “mows”, such strabismus is called alternating. The cost of surgery to correct strabismus in 1 eye is 12,200 rubles. After the operation, the hospital stay is, on average, about 2 days. Registration for diagnostics and possible surgical treatment is available on the website.

The cost of surgical correction of strabismus in 1 eye is 12,200 rubles. You can return to work 10-14 days after the operation. With high vision, as in your case, the postoperative effect is quite stable and recurrence of strabismus, as a rule, is not observed. Registration for diagnostics and possible surgical treatment is available on the website.

Please tell me, since childhood, I have been diagnosed with astigmatism. One eye sees 100 percent, the other (which mows at times) does not see the third line from the top on the optometrist's stand. Can I just correct a slight squint in one eye or will I need to treat my astigmatism first? I am 30. And if you can just cure strabismus, then it will be an operation and how long will the result last? Is it necessary to stay in the hospital?

Performing surgery for strabismus cosmetic purpose Maybe. Staying in a boarding house after this surgical procedure is 1-2 days. The cost today is 12200 rubles. Given the presence of amblyopia. help with which at your age is not possible, recurrence of strabismus in the future is not excluded. As a rule, the postoperative effect in such cases persists, on average, for 5-6 years. Registration for diagnostics and possible surgical treatment is available on the website.

Thank you very much for the answer. I would like to clarify. Amblyopia at my age is not treated even with a laser? And is the progression of a small strabismus possible in my case if I don't see it at all? Is it too late to put on a sticker on a healthy eye? Or is it still necessary to maintain at least such a vision of a lazy eye (so that it does not get worse)?

There are no effective ways to treat amblyopia at your age: by 7-8 years visual system fully formed, and it is not possible to influence brain connections. To prevent recurrence of strabismus. after its prompt elimination, you may be recommended a special set of exercises.

Hello, my daughter, 5 years old, from 1.3 months was diagnosed with converging strabismus of the left eye and its amblyopia. The right eye sees 100%. He has been taking classes on the devices every three months for a year now, he refuses to wear glasses and close his eyes. There are no changes for better or for worse. Can you tell me if the operation is possible? Is there a risk of making things worse after surgery? I heard that after some time it will be necessary to do an operation on the second healthy eye? Do your specialists travel to Syzran for a consultation? Thanks in advance for your reply!

Surgery for strabismus is possible. However, its implementation does not exempt from the further wearing of glasses and the use of adhesives. This is necessary to prevent the development of amblyopia and the formation of binocular vision. The healthy eye does not need to be operated on. Regarding the consultation in Syzran, you need to contact your regional representative.

Tell me if they can surgically remove strabismus, my left eye squints, well, not so much, but the left one, which squints, sees badly, but I see perfectly with my right eye, and when I close my right eye, it immediately becomes hard to look, and my head starts to hurt (I can’t for a long time So, will they be able to take strabismus from me and how much does it cost today.

Hello, my right eye has been squinting since childhood, sometimes very strongly, is it possible to fix it 100%? and how much will this cost. where is your clinic? thanks.

Operation - correction of strabismus

Strabismus surgery aims to restore normal function eyeball muscles. The causes of such an incorrect arrangement of the eyeballs are weakening or, conversely, strong muscle tension. During surgical therapy, the doctor strengthens or weakens a certain muscle group, which leads to a normal central location of the eyeball. Surgical treatment of strabismus is prescribed regardless of age. When such therapy can be carried out, the doctor determines after a complete ophthalmological examination.

Types of surgery

Depending on what needs to be done with the eye muscles, strabismus surgery can be of two types:

Relaxing. During such surgery, the place to which the muscle is attached is transplanted at a farther distance from the cornea. Due to this, the influence of the muscle tissue that deviates the eye from the center of the axis is weakened.
Reinforcing. Such an operation removes strabismus by excising (shortening) the muscle, while its location remains the same.

It should be noted that what type of surgical intervention will be performed is determined only during treatment by an ophthalmologist.

It takes into account many factors:

patient's age;
features of the location of muscle fibers;
strabismus angle;
general condition and features of eye movement, etc.

Correction in most cases affects several muscle groups at once (especially when it comes to adult patients), and sometimes both eyes require surgical intervention.

If the ophthalmologist decides on a combination of two methods of the operation, then it often takes place in stages.

Features of surgical treatment of strabismus depending on age

Often, surgery to eliminate strabismus in adults is performed under local anesthesia. After it, the patient spends in the clinic under supervision medical workers no more than one day.

The correction made gives a positive result. But in practice, after surgery, unpredictable behavior of muscle fibers is possible, which can lead to residual strabismus. In adult patients, this occurs more often, therefore, it is often prescribed re-treatment or a set of exercises that are aimed at stabilizing the work of the eye muscles. The next surgery is scheduled no earlier than 6 months later.

In order for the effectiveness of surgical intervention in adults to be the best, a person needs to fulfill a number of conditions:

if the doctor has decided that the correction should be phased, one should not insist on the opposite and rush things;
fully adhere to all appointments after the operation, which are given by the medical staff;
for adult patients, it is desirable to carry out both weakening and strengthening measures.

Surgical intervention is aimed at correcting the location of the eye, it should not break the connection between the eyeball and muscles.

The most optimal for such a correction in children is the age of 4 to 5 years. Congenital strabismus is characterized by a significant angle of deviation of the eyeball from the center, so surgery can often be prescribed earlier. But the time when the child consciously understands and does the exercises prescribed by the doctor is considered more effective and productive.

Unlike the course of surgical intervention in an adult patient, general anesthesia is used for a child, and the hospitalization period, depending on the condition, can be extended by several days.

Are there complications?

Strabismus surgery, like any other surgical intervention, has its own postoperative complications. But it should be noted that the capabilities of modern ophthalmology (minimally invasive and its implementation with a laser) have significantly reduced the possibility of their occurrence.

One of these complications, which in principle is not such, is considered to be residual strabismus. After a successful operation, only 15% of patients from total number such a state may occur.

The intervention itself does not affect visual acuity in any way, since it only affects the muscle group that regulates the movement of the eye.

Of course, it cannot be ruled out that an infection may be introduced during the operation. But in order to avoid this, doctors prescribe antibiotic drops that contribute to normal healing and prevent the development of pathogenic microflora. Therefore, the percentage of such complications is very low.

If in the postoperative period the patient complains of double vision (diplopia), then this condition cannot be called a complication. This is a completely normal condition, which passes with time, and indicates the restructuring of the body and the resumption of binocular vision. In some cases, for faster recovery, the patient is prescribed hardware treatment.

Surgical intervention, which is aimed at correcting strabismus, will help anyone get rid of this aesthetic problem and at the same time will not affect visual acuity in any way. Therefore, you should not be afraid of this.

Treatment of strabismus in adults and surgery. Strabismus reoperation Eye squinting towards the nose after surgery

Strabismus and its consequences

Reasons for the formation of strabismus

Acquired strabismus

congenital type of strabismus

Is strabismus surgery the only solution to the problem?

Indications for the operation

Principles and types of surgical intervention to eliminate strabismus

Features of the operation

Recovery period

What complications should be expected after surgery

Patient reviews

How much does a strabismus surgery cost?

Types of operations to correct strabismus

High-tech strabismus surgery:

Results of surgery for strabismus

muscle weakening surgery

Chemodenervation with botulinum toxin for strabismus

Eye surgery to correct strabismus

What is strabismus or strabismus

How to get rid of strabismus

Types of operations to correct strabismus

Operation

Strabismus in children

Causes

Symptoms

Treatment

Operation

Gymnastics

Prevention

Causes of the disease

Associated symptoms

Treatment

Strabismus Exercises

Prevention in adults

How strabismus manifests itself

Known forms

Possible treatment options

Indications for surgery

Operation types

Learn more about strabismus surgery

Features of this method

The main stages of surgical intervention

Is it worth it to have surgery?

Preparing for the operation

What is strabismus or strabismus

How to get rid of strabismus

Types of operations to correct strabismus

Operation

Strabismus in children

Causes

Symptoms

Treatment

Operation

Gymnastics

Prevention

Strabismus

Types of operations to correct strabismus

High-tech strabismus surgery:

Results of surgery for strabismus

Strabismus in children (diagnosis, methods of treatment)

Operation - correction of strabismus

Types of surgery

Features of surgical treatment of strabismus depending on age

Are there complications?

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