Steam inhalations, nebulizer and inhaler. Nebulizer: what is it and rules of use What is a nebulizer intended for?

12.03.2020 -

During treatment of the respiratory system, doctors very often recommend the use of inhalations. For bronchial asthma this procedure is simply vital.

Today, performing inhalations using a saucepan with broth and a blanket is no longer relevant, since there is a special device that will make this process not burdensome and easy even for a newborn child - this is a nebulizer. What kind of device is this and how to choose a nebulizer, we will consider below.

What is a nebulizer?

The name of this device speaks for itself: “nebula” - translated as cloud or fog. A nebulizer is a device that turns mineral water or medicine into a kind of mist, which is inhaled using a mouthpiece or mask. This is the operating principle of this device. This is how drugs can reach the most remote areas respiratory organs. A nebulizer is an inhaler, but it has a much stronger effect more effective procedures inhalations. And the process itself is not so troublesome.

When should you use a nebulizer?

The use of a nebulizer is, first of all, to help yourself during the treatment of such diseases:

Cystic fibrosis, emphysema.
Pneumonia and chronic lung diseases.
Acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract.
Bronchial asthma.
Chronic bronchitis.
Tuberculosis of the bronchi and lungs.
As a preventive measure for various complications after surgical intervention on the respiratory tract.

Contraindications for use

It is imperative to pay attention to contraindications to the use of a nebulizer, and these also exist:

Disturbances in the functioning of the heart.
Bleeding in the lungs.
Allergic reaction to used medications in a nebulizer.
Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs against the background of bullous pulmonary emphysema.

Be careful, using a nebulizer is to help the body, not harm it. If this device is used correctly, then a positive result will not take long to arrive.

Nebulizers today are portable and stationary, used in medical institutions. These devices differ in the principle of converting the drug into steam.

They can be:

Membrane or electronic mesh.
Ultrasonic.
Compressor.

Advantages and disadvantages

Compressor nebulizer– also called inkjet. The principle of operation is as follows: the drug is converted into vapor due to the passage of an air flow through it under high pressure.

Compressor nebulizers can also be of several types:

Dosimetric nebulizers.
Adjustable devices that have an inhalation key.
Compressor devices with a constant speed of drug spraying.
Automatically activated by breathing.

Disadvantages of a compressor nebulizer:

It cannot be used without being connected to an electrical outlet, and therefore cannot be taken with you on the road.
It makes a lot of noise during operation, which can cause inconvenience.

It should also be noted advantages:

Not very expensive.
Antibiotics can be used hormonal drugs, mineral water.
You can adjust the particle size of the sprayed product.

Ultrasonic nebulizers are more advanced. These devices convert the drug into vapor using ultrasonic vibrations.

Main advantages:

Can be used in any position.
There is no need to adjust your breathing.
Doesn't make much noise.
The drug even passes into the alveoli.
Can be used to treat children under one year of age.
Relatively low price.

Disadvantages of ultrasonic nebulizers:

There is no way to regulate the size of the sprayed substances.
Not all medications can be used.

Mesh nebulizers or membrane nebulizers. The operating principle of these devices is as follows: the drug passes through a mesh membrane using ultrasound with a frequency of 185 kHz.

Basic advantages of membrane nebulizers:

Possibility of using any medicine.
No noise.
Lots of attachments.
Works both from the mains and on batteries.

There is probably only one drawback: high cost.

If you buy a nebulizer yourself, you need to carefully study the instructions. Because you need to know which medications can be used and which are prohibited. Let's look at this below.

What drugs can be used in a nebulizer?

To perform nebulizer treatment, it is allowed to use only medications specifically intended for this purpose. They must be warmed to room temperature before use. You can also use high-quality mineral water, for example, Narzan or Borjomi. Before using mineral water, it is necessary that it does not contain carbon dioxide, therefore, after opening the bottle, it is necessary to release it first.

First of all, bronchodilators are used in nebulizers. These are such as “Salbutamol”, “Atrovent”, “Berodual”, “Berotek”.

These solutions can be used in any type of nebulizer. Antibiotics, antiseptics and hormonal agents can only be used in mesh nebulizers and compressor inhalers. Among them, as a rule, they are used:

“Dioxidin”, “Tobramycin”, “Fluimucil”, “Furacilin”.
"Pulmicort" is a hormonal drug.

Also, immunomodulatory, mucolytic and many other drugs are used only in membrane and compressor nebulizers. Here's a short list:

"Pulmozim."
"Lazolvan."
"Lidocaine."
"Leukocyte interferon."
"Cromohexal".

It should be noted that products such as saline solution and mineral water are suitable for use in any type of nebulizer.

What should not be used in nebulizers?

Anyway, You should not use any medicine without consulting a doctor medicinal solution for treatment using a nebulizer. It is allowed to use saline solution or mineral water. What absolutely cannot be used in nebulizers:

Preparations containing essential oils. For respiratory system this treatment is dangerous. This may also cause the nebulizer to malfunction.
Drugs that do not affect the mucous membrane: Diphenhydramine, Papaverine, Eufillin, etc.
You cannot use products that are not intended for nebulizer treatment. It is prohibited to use syrups or crushed tablets.
Homemade infusions and decoctions. It is impossible to adjust the dosage of the contents medicinal product in tincture or decoction. This may cause the device to malfunction.

How to choose the right nebulizer?

When choosing a nebulizer, it is important to know for what diseases you will need inhalations. A compressor device is considered universal. We got acquainted with its advantages and disadvantages earlier. If this device suits you, then you need to clarify it some characteristics:

Performance.
Maximum operating time.
Methods for processing medicinal drugs.
Type of chamber for inhalation.

More detailed characteristics about the operation of a compressor nebulizer are found in the technical data sheet, in which you can find out about the possible size of sprayed particles, the volume of medicine, etc. You can find out from your doctor what else you need to know during the purchase.

It should also be noted that if a nebulizer is needed to treat chronic pulmonary diseases or bronchial asthma, then there is no need to consider purchasing an ultrasonic device. Its advantages and disadvantages were discussed above. Even when choosing, you need to focus on the type, noise and size of the device. The manufacturing company also matters.

How to choose a nebulizer for children?

Our children often catch colds, and many children also suffer from attacks of bronchial asthma. In these cases, a nebulizer is simply a salvation. This device will help relieve an attack and make breathing easier for the child. How to choose the right nebulizer for children?

Choose a nebulizer in the form of a toy to interest your child.
It is best to opt for a silent and compact model.
It is quite convenient to use small mesh nebulizers, especially for relieving asthma attacks if the baby is outside the home or lying in bed.
When a child is exposed to frequent colds, it is best to choose an ultrasonic nebulizer.

Before purchasing it is advisable consult a doctor, what type of nebulizer is required in your case.

In order for the nebulizer to last a long time, it is necessary apply it correctly:

Dissolve medications only saline solution , it is prohibited to use unboiled water.
If you use a mask, it must fit tightly to the face, otherwise inhalation loses its effectiveness.
To perform nebulizer treatment, you need to use only those products that are recommended for this model.
During the procedure you need breathe deeply and slowly.
Fill the device immediately before inhalation, for which use only sterile needles and syringes.

After performing nebulizer treatment, the device should be washed thoroughly. Normal washing consists of soaking all parts of the device in a soapy solution, then pouring boiling water over them, rinsing and drying in the open air. Do not forget that you can only boil those parts that are subject to boiling.

The main parts that are prohibited from boiling can be disinfected with a special solution: chloramine solution, Septodor solution or hydrogen peroxide. Don't forget to remove any remaining substances.

Observe these simple rules, and your nebulizer will serve you for a very long time. Be sure to read the instructions for the device you are going to use.

What is a nebulizer, how to use this newfangled device - these are the questions that interest people, who are strongly advised by pediatricians and therapists to use it for respiratory diseases. It is designed for inhalation and has many advantages over other methods of healing.

What is a nebulizer and what does it look like?

An innovative nebulizer is a subtype of inhalers; it sprays medications into tiny droplets that can reach the most remote parts of the respiratory tract. The aerosol is designed for the prevention and treatment of respiratory, infectious, and chronic ailments. Nebulizer – when can it be used:

for acute respiratory infections (pharyngitis, rhinitis, laryngotracheitis);
for tonsillitis, sinusitis;
with bronchitis;
for bronchial asthma;
with fungal infection of the respiratory system.

Using this device it is easy to influence specific areas (upper, lower, middle) of the respiratory system. An increased density of the working substance is formed there, which allows you to get a noticeable therapeutic effect with minimal side effects. In a family where a child grows up with frequent colds, there are patients with long-term bronchopulmonary illnesses, such an inhaler latest generation necessary.

How does a nebulizer work?

Modern nebulizer looks like a tank, in the chamber of which medicinal composition turns into dispersion with a particle size of 0.5 - 10 microns. They descend to a record low in the respiratory system and uniformly cover the area of inflammation, relieve swelling and pain. The solution is converted into fog by passing air through it under high pressure, ultrasound, or by “sifting” through a diffuser with micro-holes. The manipulation is carried out by inhaling droplets through a tube and a convenient attachment - a mask on the nose and mouth.

When deciding how to choose a nebulizer for home use, you need to focus on the size of aerosol particles, which is indicated in its passport:

Particles larger than 10 microns settle in the nasopharynx.
5-10 microns - in the larynx, trachea, oropharynx.
2-5 microns – in the lower respiratory tract.
Less than 1-2 microns - in the pulmonary alveoli.

To treat patients with pathologies of the upper respiratory system, the inhaler should produce particles of 5-10 microns, when treating the bronchi and lungs - 2-3 microns. When the nebulizer is capable of functioning in different modes (there are such models), then it can effectively treat all respiratory organs: nose, larynx, bronchi and lungs by setting the desired program on the control panel.

How to use a nebulizer correctly?

If a nebulizer appears in the house, how to use it correctly is the first question that arises for the owner. The device is easy to use and easy to master. How to properly inhale with a nebulizer:

Before handling, wash your hands with soap.
Assemble all parts of the device according to the instructions.
Pour the required volume of the medicine warmed to room temperature into the inhaler cup.
Close the camera and attach the face mask to it.
Connect the container and the compressor with a hose.
Turn on the unit and inhale the vapor for 7-10 minutes until the suspension is completely consumed.
Manipulations are performed 1.5-2 hours after eating.
Inhalation and exhalation are done through the nose for ailments of the upper passages.
If there is a disease of the larynx, trachea, lungs or bronchi, after taking a deep breath through the mouth, hold the breath for a couple of seconds and exhale through the nose.
Turn off the compressor, disconnect the inhaler and disassemble it, wash it.
The dried device is wrapped in a clean towel.

How often can you inhale with a nebulizer?

Having studied the question of how to breathe correctly with a nebulizer, it is important to know how often you can use it. The most common inhalation regimen is twice a day. Certain medications, for example, Miramistin or Tussamag, are used three times a day. If saline solution, Borjomi, is prescribed for the procedure, then the frequency can be increased up to 4 times. The course of inhalations is prescribed by the doctor depending on the drug used and is limited to 5-15 days. For example, inhalation of lazolvan is limited to 5 days, and the procedure with mineral compositions is done for a long time, until the symptoms of the disease cease.

Can a nebulizer be used when there is a fever?

When asked whether it is possible to use a nebulizer at a fever, doctors give a positive answer. Inhalation, if indicated, is allowed during fever. After all, the procedure produces a finely dispersed mixture at room temperature, the main function of which is to irrigate the respiratory system. The ban is relevant for famous steam inhalations, they increase the heat.

Is it possible to use a nebulizer for sinusitis?

Nebulizer inhalations for sinusitis are allowed to begin from the first days of symptoms of the disease. Suspensions for treatment are prescribed by a doctor, their choice is determined by the stage of the disease. How to do inhalation with a nebulizer for sinusitis:

First, breathe with a vasoconstrictor composition - 15-20 minutes.
Then they inhale antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications.
This approach increases the productivity of medications.
Inhalation for sinusitis is prescribed for 7-10 days.

At what age can children use a nebulizer?

Before breathing with a nebulizer, you need to know that pediatricians allow the use of such inhalers for children literally from the first days of life. The devices are safe and effective in treating colds in children. For infants, an individual nebulizer is purchased; how to use it should be read in the instructions; children under one year old are offered convenient attachments - a mouthpiece, a nose tip, a small face mask. The design of aerosols will delight kids; they are made in the form of toys - cars or animals, turning the healing process into a game.

Previously, when medicine was not so developed, diseases were mainly treated folk remedies. For headaches, they drank a herbal decoction, and for coughs, they breathed steam from potatoes in a saucepan. Now these methods are a thing of the past, and are being replaced traditional methods New drugs and devices have arrived to treat diseases. For example, a nebulizer is an inhaler that turns medications into “mist” for administration. inhalation therapy.

The nebulizer is used in the treatment of dry cough, runny nose and other diseases. Such devices are divided into types, which differ in functionality, principle of operation, ease of use and cost. Each type of nebulizer has a number of advantages and disadvantages, as well as indications and contraindications. In addition, some companies produce nebulizers for children that resemble entertaining toys. Let's look at the types, instructions, advantages and disadvantages of nebulizers, as well as other factors that relate to them.

Types of nebulizers

Nebulizers differ from each other in cost, type, and also in the configuration of masks, mouthpieces, sprayers and nozzles. Based on the principle of operation, devices are divided into ultrasonic and compressor. Let's look at each of them in more detail.

This type of nebulizer “swings” using ultrasonic vibrations medical drug, turning the medicine into an aerosol. This type of inhaler is most effective. The advantages of an ultrasonic nebulizer include silent operation and compact dimensions.

The box with the ultrasonic nebulizer contains batteries that will allow you to use the device on the road. This type of inhaler is suitable for children as it is easy to use and safe.

Ultrasonic inhalers also have disadvantages. Antibiotics, hormones and expectorants cannot be used in such nebulizers, since ultrasound destroys the active substance of the medicine.

Using such a device, it is allowed to perform inhalations with herbal decoctions, essential oils, mineral soda and alkaline preparations. However, it is worth considering that not all ultrasonic inhalers allow the use of essential oils and herbal decoctions, in many models this is prohibited. Therefore, before using the inhaler, carefully read the instructions, since each device is individual with its own technology.

To use this type of inhaler, you have to use other additional accessories, for example, gels or containers for medications, which is also a disadvantage.

Based on these features, the ultrasonic nebulizer cannot be called a universal device. But parents speak positively about this type of inhaler. The fact is that the silent operation of the inhaler allows you to use the nebulizer while the child is sleeping or during game form.

The average duration of an inhalation procedure with this type of nebulizer is 15 minutes, during which aerosol microparticles are sprayed over the inflamed area of the respiratory tract. The consumption of the drug is 1 ml per minute when it contains 0.5 ml of drug.

Such a device is often called an inkjet device. The compressor nebulizer is similar to ultrasonic competitors in terms of performance characteristics. It differs from ultrasonic models in its larger size and weight; in addition, it is noisier in operation, since the device is based on a compressor that creates an air flow.

But this type of inhaler does not require the use of additional accessories for procedures, is convenient to use at home, and is reliable. However, replacement of nozzles and other components is required after several years of operation.

The advantages of a compressor nebulizer are its relatively affordable price and the ability to use it with various types of drugs that do not lose their properties during inhalation.

Such an inhaler easily converts almost all types of drugs into an aerosol without disturbing the structure of the drug. Of all types of nebulizers, compression models are optimal for use in children. Doctors allow the use of such a device for babies under one year of age with almost no restrictions.

How does a compression nebulizer work? It creates an aerosol that is able to penetrate into distant parts of the respiratory tract and bronchi. Depending on the speed of inhalation, the rate of formation of “fog” increases. This allows the compression inhaler to be activated by inhalation.

Inhalations using a compression nebulizer are prescribed for relieving attacks of bronchial asthma, allergic cough and treating inflammation of the bronchopulmonary system. Popular models of compression inhalers include Dolphin and Omron.

Instructions for use

Before using an inhaler for adults or children, you should study the instructions in detail to avoid mistakes that will lead to damage to the device or reduced performance. The methods of using different models and types of nebulizers differ, but there are also common features.

The medicine should be poured into the container of the device, which is pre-dissolved in saline solution. To perform one procedure, 3-6 milliliters are needed. It is important to remember that to dilute the drug you should use only saline solution, and not boiled or distilled water. Do not use a pre-crushed tablet mixed with saline solution. The nebulizer uses only drug solutions that are sold in ready-made form in pharmacies.

After this, the nebulizer is closed, and a mask or mouthpiece is connected to the outlet valve. Then the device is turned on and the inhalation process is carried out for 5-20 minutes until the infused medicine stops turning into an aerosol. Breathing during the procedure should be calm so as not to provoke a coughing attack when inhaling forcefully.

Upon completion of the procedure, the device is turned off and disconnected from the compressor. Components that have come into contact with the drug and the oral cavity should be thoroughly rinsed in hot water using a disinfectant solution. After washing, the parts are thoroughly rinsed and dried with a cloth, towel or hairdryer.

Note: after inhalation, 1 milliliter of unprocessed medicinal solution will always remain in the nebulizer.

Indications and contraindications

It is widely believed that almost all medications that are intended to treat inflammation and allergies can be used in nebulizers. In theory this is true, but in practice there are specific limitations.

This is due to the fact that not all drugs can fully penetrate the respiratory tract. The mucous membrane of the bronchi and alveoli is rich in capillaries, through which fine aerosol penetrates into the blood.

By the way, this factor suggests that you should not intentionally turn the medicine into a fine aerosol, because In this case, it does not reach the walls of the bronchi, but enters the blood through the alveoli, which is why the effectiveness of the aerosol medicine is reduced to zero.

It is allowed to use herbs in nebulizers, but, according to reviews, severe allergic reaction. After all, do not forget that herbs, including medicinal ones, are a strong allergen. Therefore, when using herbal preparations, you should be careful not to harm the patient’s body.

The instructions also state that essential oils can be used in nebulizers. This type of drug will be effective for a runny nose to treat nasopharynx. However, in case of lung disease, this will harm the alveoli and will not bring any benefit.

“Diphenhydramine”, “Eufillin”, “Platifillin”, “Papaverine”, because they do not show a local effect;
solutions with essential oils that damage the membrane of mesh nebulizers and are useful only for the treatment of diseases of the nasopharynx;
herbal tinctures, decoctions and infusions - due to the risk of overdose and clogging of the nebulizer passages;
hormones "Hydrocortisone", "Prednisolone", "Dexazone", which do not have a sufficient local effect.

In addition to prohibited drugs, there is also a list of those drugs that are acceptable for inhalation using a nebulizer. For example, in such devices it is recommended to use saline solution and preheated and degassed mineral waters such as “Borjomi”, “Esentuki”, “Narzan”.

Ready-made preparations for inhalation are sold in pharmacies and are called nebulas. Medications for the nebulizer include the following medications:

antiseptics – “Dioxidin”, “Furacilin”;
anesthetics – “Lidocaine”;
antibiotics – “Gentamicin”, “Fluimucil”, “Tobramycin”;
bronchodilators - “Atrovent”, “Astalin”, “Berotek”, “Ventolin”, “Magnesium sulfate”, “Salbutamol”, “Salgim”, “Salamol”, “Fenoterol”;
hormonal medications - “Pulmicort”, “Budesonide”, “Cromohexal”;
immunomodulatory agents – “Dry leukocyte interferon”;
mucolytics – “Ambroxol”, “Ambrohexal”, “Lazolvan”, “Pulmozim”, “Acetylcysteine”, “Fluimucil”,
hypertonic solution; herbal medicine – “Rotokan”;
combination drugs – “Fenoterol”, “Berodual” for inhalation.

This list of recommended drugs is enough to carry out drug therapy to effectively combat the disease. But do not forget that self-medication is harmful to health. Only a doctor determines the appropriate course of therapy. Under no circumstances should you experiment with the choice of medications.

How to choose

Before buying a nebulizer, it is worth determining the tasks that you plan to assign to the device, and also taking into account the intensity of use. Before purchasing an inhaler, it is recommended to consult with your doctor, who will give specific instructions and outline the nuances that you should pay attention to when choosing a device.

The main characteristics of the inhaler that are worth paying attention to include:

Spray aerosol particle size– a parameter indicating how small or large the “fog” particles will be.

8-10 microns – oral cavity;
5-8 microns – upper respiratory tract: nasopharynx, larynx;
3-5 microns – trachea and bronchi;
1-3 microns – bronchioles;
0.5-2 microns – alveoli.

Inhalation procedure time– the period of time during which the liquid is processed into an aerosol and reaches the patient’s lungs.
Consumption– normally this is approximately 0.3-0.5 ml of medication over 30 seconds.
Drug reservoir volume– the number of milliliters of medicine that a nebulizer can process in one procedure. On average, this value is 5-7 ml.

When purchasing, also pay attention to the equipment included with the device. If a nebulizer is purchased for a child, check whether the mask is included in the kit. If you plan to use the device frequently, pay attention to the operating time and durability of the nebulizer design.

Nebulizer- This is a special device for inhalation, that is, for getting medicinal substances into the bronchi and lungs. Any substance introduced into the respiratory tract is absorbed much faster than taken, for example, in tablets. Therefore, inhaling medications is more effective than taking pills. Especially if the medicine is intended specifically for the respiratory tract.

To make the medicine easier to penetrate into the respiratory tract, it should be turned into an aerosol - a suspension of small particles in the air. The healing aerosol is created due to certain forces. Such forces can be air flow (compressor nebulizers) or ultrasonic vibrations of the membrane (ultrasonic nebulizers).

The word nebulizer comes from Latin word"nebula" (fog, cloud).

In our clinic, nebulizer therapy is carried out by highly qualified specialists using the latest equipment.

NEBULIZER THERAPY– IT’S MODERN AND SAFE

In the treatment of respiratory diseases, the most effective and modern method is inhalation therapy. Inhalation of medications through a nebulizer is one of the most reliable and simplest treatment methods.

In order for the medicine to penetrate the respiratory tract more easily, it should be converted into aerosol.

Nebulizer– this is a chamber in which the medicinal solution is sprayed into an aerosol and delivered into the patient’s respiratory tract.

Now inhalation therapy has become available to patients of all ages (from infancy to old age). It can be performed during periods of exacerbation of chronic diseases (primarily bronchial asthma), in situations where the patient has a significantly reduced inhalation rate (children early age, postoperative patients, patients with severe somatic diseases) both at home and in the clinic.

Nebulizer therapy has advantages compared to other types of inhalation:

It can be used any age, since the patient is not required to adjust his breathing to the operation of the device and simultaneously perform any actions, for example, pressing the canister, holding the inhaler, etc., which is especially important in children younger age.
The absence of the need to take a strong breath allows the use of nebulizer therapy in cases of severe attacks of bronchial asthma, as well as in elderly patients.
Nebulizer therapy allows the use of drugs in effective doses without side effects.
This therapy provides a continuous and rapid supply of medication using a compressor.
She is the most safe method inhalation therapy, since it does not use, unlike metered aerosol inhalers, propellants (solvents or carrier gases).
This is a modern and comfortable method of treating bronchopulmonary diseases in children and adults.

WHAT DISEASES CAN BE TREATED WITH A NEBULIZER?

The drug sprayed by an inhaler begins to act almost immediately, which makes it possible to use nebulizers, first of all, for the treatment of diseases that require immediate intervention - asthma, allergies.

Another group of diseases for which inhalation is simply necessary is chronic inflammatory processes respiratory tract, such as chronic rhinitis, Chronical bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic broncho-obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, etc.

But their scope of application is not limited to this. They are good for treatment Acute respiratory infections, laryngitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, fungal infections of the upper respiratory tract, immune system.

Inhalers help with occupational diseases of singers, teachers, miners, and chemists.

IN WHAT CASES IS IT NECESSARY? NEBULIZER AT HOME:

In a family where a child is growing up exposed to frequent colds, bronchitis, for complex treatment of cough with difficult to separate sputum, treatment of stenosis.
Families with patients with chronic or frequently recurrent bronchopulmonary diseases.

WHAT MEDICINES CAN BE USED IN A NEBULIZER?

For nebulizer therapy, there are special solutions of drugs that are available in bottles or plastic containers - nebulah.

The volume of the medicine together with the solvent for one inhalation is 2-5 ml.

Calculation of the required amount of medicine depends on the age of the patient. First, 2 ml of saline solution is poured into the nebulizer, then the required number of drops of medicine is added. Distilled water should not be used as a solvent, as it can provoke bronchospasm, which will lead to coughing and difficulty breathing during the procedure.

Pharmacy packaging with medications is stored in the refrigerator (unless otherwise indicated) closed. After the pharmaceutical package has been opened, the drug must be used within two weeks. It is advisable to write down the date on which you started using the drug on the bottle.

Before use, the medicine must be warmed to room temperature.

For nebulizer therapy the following can be used:

mucolytics and mucoregulators(drugs to thin sputum and improve expectoration): Ambrohexal, Lazolvan, Ambrobene, Fluimucil;
bronchodilators(drugs that dilate the bronchi): Berodual, Ventolin, Berotek, Salamol;
glucocorticoids(hormonal drugs with multifaceted effects, primarily anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous): Pulmicort (suspension for nebulizers);
Cromons(antiallergic drugs, mast cell membrane stabilizers): Cromohexal Nebula;
antibiotics: Fluimucil antibiotic;
alkaline and saline solutions: 0.9% saline solution, Borjomi mineral water

Your attending physician should prescribe the drug and tell you about the rules for its use. He must also monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

all solutions containing oils;

suspensions and solutions containing suspended particles, including decoctions and infusions of herbs;

as well as solutions of aminophylline, papaverine, platyphylline, diphenhydramine and similar agents, as they do not have points of application on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract.

WHICH SIDE EFFECTS IS IT POSSIBLE WHEN CARRYING OUT NEBULISER THERAPY?

Deep breathing may cause symptoms hyperventilation(dizziness, nausea, cough). It is necessary to stop inhalation, breathe through your nose and calm down. After the symptoms of hyperventilation disappear, inhalation through a nebulizer can be continued.

During inhalation, as a reaction to the administration of the sprayed solution, coughing may occur. In this case, it is also recommended to stop inhalation for a few minutes.

INHALATION TECHNIQUE USING A NEBULIZER.

Before handling the inhaler, you should (always) wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water, as... there may be pathogenic microbes on the skin.
Assemble all parts of the nebulizer according to the instructions. Pour the required amount of medicinal substance into the nebulizer cup, preheating it to room temperature.
Close the nebulizer and attach the face mask, mouthpiece or nasal cannula.
Connect the nebulizer and compressor using a hose.
Turn on the compressor and inhale for 7-10 minutes or until the solution is completely consumed.
Turn off the compressor, disconnect the nebulizer and disassemble it.
Wash all parts of the nebulizer hot water or 15% solution of baking soda. Brushes and squeegees should not be used.
Sterilize the disassembled nebulizer in a steam sterilization device, such as a thermal disinfector (steam sterilizer) designed for treating baby bottles. Sterilization by boiling for at least 10 minutes is also possible. Disinfection must be carried out once a week.
The thoroughly cleaned and dried nebulizer should be stored in a clean napkin or towel.

BASIC RULES FOR INHALATION

Inhalations are carried out no earlier than 1-1.5 hours after eating or significant physical activity.
During the course of inhalation treatment, doctors prohibit smoking. In exceptional cases, before and after inhalation, it is recommended to stop smoking for an hour.
Inhalations should be taken at calm state without being distracted by reading and talking.
Clothing should not restrict the neck or make breathing difficult.
For diseases of the nasal tract, inhalation and exhalation must be done through the nose (nasal inhalation), breathing calmly, without tension.
For diseases of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, it is recommended to inhale the aerosol through the mouth (oral inhalation), breathing deeply and evenly. After taking a deep breath through your mouth, you should hold your breath for 2 seconds, and then exhale completely through your nose; in this case, the aerosol from the oral cavity enters further into the pharynx, larynx and further into the deeper parts of the respiratory tract.
Frequent deep breathing may cause dizziness, so periodically it is necessary to interrupt inhalation for a short time.
Before the procedure, there is no need to take expectorants or rinse your mouth with solutions. antiseptics(potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, boric acid).
After any inhalation, and especially after inhalation of a hormonal drug, it is necessary to rinse your mouth with boiled water at room temperature (a small child can be given drink and food); if using a mask, rinse your eyes and face with water.
The duration of one inhalation should not exceed 7-10 minutes. The course of treatment with aerosol inhalations is from 6-8 to 15 procedures.

WHAT ARE THERE? TYPES OF NEBULIZERS?

Currently in medical practice There are three main types of inhalers used: steam, ultrasonic And compressor.

Action steam inhalers are based on the effect of evaporation of the drug. It is clear that only volatile solutions (essential oils) can be used in them. The biggest disadvantage of steam inhalers is the low concentration of the inhaled substance, usually less than the threshold for therapeutic effects, as well as the inability to accurately dose the drug at home.

Ultrasonic And compressor united by the term “nebulizers” (from the Latin word “nebula” - fog, cloud), they generate not vapor, but an aerosol cloud consisting of microparticles of the inhaled solution. A nebulizer allows you to administer pure medications to all respiratory organs (nose, bronchi, lungs), without any impurities. The size of aerosol particles produced by most nebulizers ranges from 0.5 to 10 microns. Particles with a diameter of 8-10 microns settle in the oral cavity and trachea, with a diameter from 5 to 8 microns - in the trachea and upper respiratory tract, from 3 to 5 microns - in the lower respiratory tract, from 1 to 3 microns - in bronchioles, from 0. 5 to 2 microns – in the alveoli. Particles smaller than 5 microns are called the “respirable fraction” and have the maximum therapeutic effect.

Ultrasonic nebulizers spray the solution with high-frequency (ultrasonic) vibrations of the membrane. They are compact, silent, and do not require replacement of nebulization chambers. The percentage of aerosol that reaches the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract exceeds 90%, and the average size of aerosol particles is 4-5 microns. Thanks to this, the required drug in the form of an aerosol in high concentration reaches the small bronchi and bronchioles.

Choice ultrasonic nebulizers is more preferable in cases where the area of action of the drug is the small bronchi, and the drug has the form saline solution. However, a number of drugs, such as antibiotics, hormonal drugs, mucolytics (thinning sputum), can be destroyed under the influence of ultrasound. These drugs are not recommended for use in ultrasonic nebulizers.

Compressor nebulizers form an aerosol cloud by pressing through a narrow opening in a chamber containing medicinal solution, a powerful stream of air pumped by the compressor. The principle of using compressed air in compressor nebulizers is the “gold standard” of inhalation therapy. Main advantage compressor nebulizers– their versatility and relative cheapness, they are more accessible and can spray almost any solution intended for inhalation.

Compressor nebulizers have several types of cameras:

· convection chambers with constant aerosol output;

Breath-activated cameras

Breath-activated chambers with flow interrupter valve.

When inhaling medicinal substances through a nebulizer, it is necessary to take into account some features:

· the optimal filling volume of the nebulizer chamber is at least 5 ml;

· to reduce the loss of the drug at the end of inhalation, you can add 1 ml of physiological solution to the chamber, after which, shaking the nebulizer chamber, continue inhalation;

· when using inexpensive and accessible drugs, all types of nebulizers can be used, but when using more expensive medicines The greatest effectiveness of inhalation therapy is provided by nebulizers activated by the patient's inhalation and equipped with a valve flow interrupter during the exhalation phase. These devices are especially effective in the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases.

HOW TO CHOOSE A NEBULIZER?

When treated with a nebulizer, the medicine is delivered to the respiratory tract. This particular treatment is intended for those who have a disease affecting the respiratory tract (rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.). In addition, sometimes the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract is used to introduce drugs into the human body. The surface of the bronchial tree is very large, and many drugs, such as insulin, are actively absorbed through it.

The choice of inhaler depends on the disease you are going to treat and your financial capabilities.

In Russia, nebulizer manufacturers from Germany, Japan, and Italy represent their products on the medical equipment market. Unfortunately, there are no domestic manufacturers of compressor nebulizers yet. Detailed information O technical characteristics Some types of nebulizers can be obtained from Russian companies that sell them. When choosing a nebulizer, the requirements for the nebulizer and compressor are taken into account. For a compressor, the important factors are size, weight, operating noise, and ease of use. In all these parameters they differ slightly. But it should be noted that nebulizers from PARI GmbH (Germany) are distinguished by traditionally high German quality, exceptional efficiency and long service life. They ensure maximum deposition of medications in the respiratory tract due to optimal aerosol dispersion.

Perhaps the main attention should be paid to the type of sprayer. Nebulizers equipped direct-flow sprayer, It makes sense to use it in young children, since they do not have enough inspiratory force to activate the valves (and thus save medicine). For inhalation, children under 3 years of age should use a children's mask. Adults can also use this type of sprayer, because... It is initially equipped with a mouthpiece.

Sprayers, controlled by breathing activated by inhalation, they have inhalation and exhalation valves, which are alternately activated throughout the act of breathing. When using them, less aerosol is formed on exhalation, resulting in significant savings in medication.

There are also nebulizers that have a nebulizer equipped with a tee tube (aerosol flow interrupter), which allows you to regulate the formation of aerosol only on inhalation by blocking the side hole of the tee.

Various types of attachments are used with the nebulizer: mouthpieces, nasal cannulas (tubes), masks in adult and child sizes.

Mouthpieces(adults and children) are optimal for delivering medications deep into the lungs, used for inhalation by adult patients, as well as children over 5 years old.
Masks convenient for treating the upper respiratory tract and allow you to irrigate all parts of the nasal cavity, pharynx, as well as the larynx and trachea. When using a mask, most of the aerosols settle in the upper respiratory tract. Masks are needed when using nebulizer therapy in children under 3 years of age, since it is impossible to carry out inhalations in such patients through a mouthpiece - children breathe mainly through the nose (this is due to anatomy child's body). It is necessary to use a mask of the appropriate size. Using a tight-fitting mask reduces aerosol loss in young children. If the child is over 5 years old, it is better to use a mouthpiece rather than a mask.
Nasal cannulas (tubes) needed to deliver a medicinal aerosol into the nasal cavity. They can be used in complex treatment acute and chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis.

Kartashova N.K.

Patient's Guide. About what a nebulizer is, what diseases can be treated with its help, how to carry out inhalation correctly, how to choose a nebulizer, this and much more about modern method you can learn about inhalation therapy from this article.

In our clinic, nebulizer therapy is carried out using modern equipment under the supervision of experienced doctors.

The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!

What is an inhaler?

Inhaler- This is a device designed to introduce drugs into the body by aerosol method. Simply put, with the help of an inhaler, medications enter the body through the lungs.
It is known that drugs can be administered in several ways. Most often this is the oral route, which involves administering the substance through digestive system. For this purpose, the medicine is available in tablet form. Less commonly, medications are administered parenterally, that is, directly into the bloodstream. In this case, the medication is available in injectable form and is introduced into the body through intramuscular or intravenous injections. There is also an aerosol ( or aerogenic) route of drug administration. In this case, the drugs enter the body using an inhaler.

What is the difference between an inhaler and a nebulizer?

Essentially, the inhaler and nebulizer- these are synonyms. Both devices are designed to introduce medicinal substances into the body using an aerosol method. However, it is generally accepted that there are, albeit minor, differences between them. The nebulizer is capable of affecting the upper, middle and lower respiratory tract. During its operation, it breaks down the medicinal solution into small particles. Based on the size of the particles produced, nebulizers can be classified into several groups. This makes them significantly different from some types of inhalers. For example, a steam inhaler does not break down the medicine into small particles, but immediately turns the liquid into steam. Also, this type of inhaler affects only the upper respiratory tract, which also distinguishes it from a nebulizer.

Types of inhalers

Depending on the purpose of use and the principle of operation, inhalers may be different. Today there is a wide variety of portable ( portable) inhalers and nebulizers that can be used at home. However, you should not do this without the advice of a doctor. First of all, inhalation route drug administration is not suitable for all diseases. Also, some solutions may lose their properties if introduced into the body using a nebulizer.
If the aerosol route of drug administration is an integral stage of treatment, then the doctor may recommend purchasing an inhaler for use at home.

Types of inhalers and their principle of operation

Name	Operating principle	For what diseases is it prescribed?
*Steam inhaler*	Mainly affects the upper respiratory tract. The operating principle is heating medicinal infusion (the most commonly used herbal ) to a temperature of 45 degrees, after which the liquid turns into steam. The steam formed from the infusion is inhaled by the patient through a special mask.	It is used for both treatment and prevention of upper respiratory tract diseases. Most often used for flu, runny nose, rhinitis. Steam inhalers can also be used at home. The advantage of this type of inhaler is the ability to use not only herbal, but also oil infusions. The disadvantage is that it affects only the upper respiratory tract, namely the nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi.
*Compression inhaler*	Using a powerful jet of air, the inhaler breaks down medicinal substance to aerosol. The device is based on a piston compressor that forces air through a narrow hole. When air passes through this hole, it creates high blood pressure, under the influence of which the medicinal substance breaks down into small particles from 1 to 10 microns. The breakdown of the drug into such small particles helps it penetrate not only into the upper and middle, but also into the lower respiratory tract.	Treatment and prevention of acute respiratory diseases (ARVI ), bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, asthma. It is a universal inhaler, since it is used to carry out inhalation any medications. The downside is the increased noise level in the compressor. This type of inhaler can be used both in outpatient ( home ), and in stationary ( sick leave ) conditions.
*Ultrasonic nebulizer*	With the help of high-frequency ultrasonic waves, the medicinal substance breaks down into small particles that enter the body through the respiratory tract. They are several times more effective than steam and compression inhalers.	Used for the treatment and prevention of colds and infectious diseases. Inhalers of this type are silent and very compact, which makes them easy to use at home and in hospitals. However beneficial features Some medications may be destroyed by ultrasound, which limits the use of this type of inhaler.
*MESH inhalers*	The principle of operation is to split the drug into tiny particles using a vibrating membrane.	Used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases upper, middle and lower respiratory tract. Most often used for pneumonia, tracheitis, asthma. A significant disadvantage of mesh inhalers is their cost. The advantage is high technology, noiselessness, compactness, as well as the ability to use the inhaler in horizontal position (that is, lying down ).

Choice medicinal base depends on the disease. It is important to remember that herbal infusions are not so safe. Many medicinal herbs can cause allergies and aggravate diseases such as asthma or obstructive bronchitis. Therefore, even if you have a common cold, you should consult your doctor before using the inhaler. Oil solutions are not used in ultrasonic inhalers, because they quickly collapse under the influence of ultrasonic waves.

Method of delivering medication to the respiratory tract

Depending on the design of the inhaler, the drug delivery system to the respiratory organs can be continuous, manual or automatic.

The characteristics of drug delivery systems are:

Continuous. This system involves a continuous supply of medication throughout the entire inhalation session. The disadvantage of this method is the irrational use of the drug, since there is no option to control the consumption of the drug.
Manual. This method involves self-adjustment of the medication supply process using a special button. When you inhale, the device turns on, when you exhale, it turns off. The manual method allows you to use the drug sparingly, but is tedious. Manual inhalers are not recommended for use in children under five years of age.
Automatic. Drug delivery starts automatically on inhalation and pauses on exhalation. These inhalers are the best choice for young children.

Types of medicinal solutions

The choice of solution depends on the disease and the type of inhaler used. Therefore, only the attending physician can recommend the solution.

Exist the following types medicinal solutions used in inhalers:

Herbal and oil solutions– used in steam inhalers and very rarely in compression inhalers. Used for colds, ARVI, rhinitis.
Alkaline solutions (0.9 percent sodium chloride, 2 percent sodium bicarbonate) – used in compression and ultrasonic inhalers. Used for rhinitis and sinusitis.
Solutions containing mucolytics– used only in MESH nebulizers and compression inhalers.

Types of solutions depending on the pathology

Solution	Mechanism of action
*2% sodium chloride solution*	Clears the sinuses of purulent contents. Prescribed for sinusitis, frontal sinusitis.
*2% sodium bicarbonate solution*	It thins thick mucus and thereby helps cleanse the respiratory tract. Recommended for chronic and acute purulent sinusitis, sinusitis, bronchitis.
*Salbutamol solution*	Expands the bronchi, making breathing easier and eliminating spasms. Prescribed for asthma.
*Atrovent solution*	Has a bronchodilator ( dilates the bronchi ) effect and prevents the development of spasm. Prescribed for asthma and obstructive bronchitis.
*Solution with lazolvan*
*Malavit*	Has antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal effects. Recommended for prevention viral diseases, for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Since it has an analgesic effect, it is recommended for sore throats.
*Hydrocortisone solution*	It has an immunosuppressive and antiallergic effect. Prescribed when allergic rhinitis and asthma.

There are some groups of drugs that are not used in inhalers. This is explained by their chemical formula.

Medicines that are not used in inhalers

Since the inhaler is designed for administering drugs by aerosol method, it is prescribed primarily for diseases of the respiratory system. In this case, pathologies not only of the lower respiratory tract are taken into account ( pneumonia and bronchitis), but also lower ones ( rhinitis, basic colds).

Diseases for which the inhaler is used include:

asthma;
bronchitis;
runny nose and colds;
rhinitis and sinusitis.

Inhaler for asthma

Asthma is a chronic obstructive airway disease. The basis of this disease is a sharp spasm ( narrowing) bronchi, which prevents the passage of air into the lungs. The main route of administration of medications for asthma is aerosol, which involves the use of an inhaler. Only in the last, already decompensated stages, systemic administration of drugs is prescribed. All medicines intended for relief ( elimination) asthma attack, used in inhalers. For asthma, compression and ultrasonic inhalers are used.

The groups of drugs that are used in the treatment of asthma are:

bronchodilators– salbutamol, atrovent, berotec; used in compression and ultrasonic inhalers;
mucolytics (mucus thinners) – lazolvan, 2% sodium chloride solution; used in compression and ultrasonic inhalers;
hormonal drugs– dexamethasone; only in compression inhalers.

Before use, shake the inhaler can vigorously, then remove the protective cap from the mouthpiece. After this, the patient takes a deep breath and tilts his head back a little. The patient tightly wraps his lips around the mouthpiece and squeezes the inhaler canister. During compression, the medicinal substance enters the respiratory tract and is sprayed onto the bronchial mucosa.

Inhaler for colds

For colds, the aerosol route of drug administration is used very often. The most commonly used are steam inhalers based on oil and herbal solutions. Replacing your steam inhaler is very easy. To do this, the method of inhaling hot infusion over an open pan is used. At home, they often resort to potato decoction, saline solution, solution with baking soda and salt.

Steam inhalers are very effective for colds accompanied by a runny nose and nasal congestion. It is known that this type The inhaler affects the upper respiratory tract, namely the sinuses, nose, nasopharynx, and trachea. The advantage of a steam inhaler is that in this case you can use essential oils and herbal infusions.

Most commonly used infusions for colds

Name	How to use?
*Sea buckthorn solution*	250 milliliters ( 1 glass ) distilled water is heated to 70 - 80 degrees and mixed with one teaspoon of table salt. Add 15 drops of sea buckthorn oil to the resulting solution. The solution is poured into the inhaler, after which the procedure is carried out. The duration of the procedure is 15 minutes. The solution is used once; to repeat the procedure, a new solution is made.
*Solution with Kalanchoe*	A glass of saline solution is mixed with a teaspoon of salt and heated to 50 degrees. Add 20 drops of Kalanchoe juice to the resulting solution. It is important to know that at temperatures above 50 degrees, Kalanchoe loses its medicinal properties. Therefore, you should not boil the solution.
*Hypertonic saline solution*	Hypertonic saline is nothing more than a highly saline solution. It is very effective for runny noses. Inhalation and rinsing with saline solution remove accumulated mucus from the nasal cavity.

Inhaler for bronchitis

For bronchitis, compression or ultrasonic inhalers are used, while steam inhalers are not effective. This is explained by the fact that bronchitis affects the bronchial tree, which is located in the lower respiratory tract. Steam inhalers carry medications only through the upper respiratory tract, without reaching the lower ones.
For acute bronchitis without an obstructive component, thinning agents are used ( mucolytics) and antibiotics. These include lazolvan, furatsilin, malavit. If bronchitis is chronic, then bronchodilating drugs are most often used ( theophylline).

Inhaler for rhinitis and sinusitis

For non-advanced forms of rhinitis and sinusitis, treatment with an inhaler is recommended ( or nebulizer). Often, inhalation with a nebulizer for sinusitis is the only effective method treatment. The inhaler sprays the medicine into tiny particles that reach the sinuses. Getting directly onto the mucous membrane of the sinuses, the medicine very quickly exerts its healing effect. This is why inhaler therapy always gives positive results. This method of treating sinusitis, rhinitis and sinusitis is several times more effective than sprays, drops, and tablets. Most often, solutions for this are produced in ready-made form.

Drugs that are used in the treatment of sinusitis include:

malavit.

Inhalers for children

Inhalers for children are widely used in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory system. All inhalers are divided into two large groups– steam devices and nebulizers.

Children's steam inhalers

The action of a steam inhaler is to heat the drug ( or suspensions of water and medicine), as a result of which the medicine turns into vapor, which is supplied to the respiratory tract. The simple design of such a device causes a low cost and, at the same time, great limitations in the operation of the device.

The limitations of using a steam inhaler are:

Steam inhalers can only be used to treat organs included in the upper respiratory tract system ( nose, larynx, pharynx);
for the bronchi and lungs, such devices are not effective, since steam is not capable of delivering the drug to these organs;
when heated, the medicinal properties of many drugs decrease, which also negatively affects inhalation therapy;
the presence of hot steam does not allow the use of such inhalers to treat children under one year of age;
Also, steam therapy should not be performed if the child has a temperature above 37.5 degrees.

Taking into account all the characteristics of the steam inhaler, it is obvious that it is the optimal choice for the treatment of respiratory pathologies in children over one year old, which occur without complications and are accompanied by a stuffy nose and red throat.

Nebulizers ( inhalers) for children

The peculiarity of the nebulizer is that the device breaks the drug into small particles. When using such a device, the child inhales not steam, but a cloud into which the medicine turns. Aerosol particles are small in size, so such devices can be used for the treatment and prevention of organs of both the upper and lower respiratory systems. At the same time, the medicine does not heat up, as in a steam inhaler, which allows the nebulizer to be used to treat small and even newborn children.

The particle sizes of the aerosol cloud depend on the technical characteristics of the device. The smaller the dispersion, the further the drug penetrates into the respiratory tract. The largest particles settle in the oral cavity, the smallest ones reach the alveoli ( upper lung fragments). Aerosol particles are measured in microns ( units of measurement equal to 0.001 millimeters). Many nebulizer models allow you to adjust the size of aerosol particles using special attachments.

The correspondences between the sizes of aerosol particles and the organs they reach are:

oral cavity – from 8 to 10 microns;
larynx, nasopharynx, nasal cavity – from 5 to 8 microns;
trachea, bronchi - from 3 to 5 microns;
bronchioles ( organs located at the junction of the bronchi and lungs) – from 1 to 3 microns;
alveoli - from 0.5 to 3 microns.

Basic distinctive characteristic A nebulizer is a system that converts medicine into an aerosol.

The types of children's nebulizers are:

ultrasonic;
compressor;
electronic mesh.

Ultrasonic nebulizers
In ultrasonic nebulizers, the medicine is turned into mist using a plate that vibrates strongly. Such models of inhalers are characterized by silent operation and small in size. It is ultrasonic inhalers that are recommended to be purchased for the treatment of infants ( children under one year old). However, the operation of these devices has a number of restrictions on the type of drugs used.

It is not recommended to use hormonal and expectorant drugs in ultrasonic inhalers, because ultrasound destroys them. Also, you should not carry out inhalations using antibiotics and some drugs to enhance immunity.

Compressor nebulizers
In compressor inhalers, medication is converted using a powerful air jet directed by a compressor. Compared to ultrasonic models, compressor nebulizers are noisier and larger in size. Key advantage The great thing about such a device is its versatility, since any medications can be used in it.

Electronic mesh nebulizers
In electronic mesh inhalers, the medicine is converted into an aerosol using a membrane on the surface of which is located a large number of small holes. During operation of the device, the membrane vibrates, passing the medicinal solution through itself and breaking it into small particles. These nebulizers have the advantages of ultrasonic and compressor inhalers. Aerosol particles are small in size, so such devices are effective in treating all parts of the respiratory tract. Any drugs can be used as medicine in electronic mesh nebulizers. The design features of such inhalers allow you to consume medicine with significant savings compared to other types of nebulizers, which is especially important when using expensive drugs.

The disadvantages of electronic mesh nebulizers include their high cost. Also, such devices require special care, which consists of washing and drying the membrane.

Scope of application of children's inhalers

Inhalers are used for the treatment and prevention of respiratory tract diseases of various natures. Inhalation therapy ( treatment with an inhaler) improves microcirculation in the mucous membranes of the respiratory system, which helps reduce swelling and rapid tissue regeneration. Using an inhalation device, medications are delivered to the most remote areas of the respiratory system, which makes treatment more effective. Also, the use of some models of inhalers eliminates bronchospasms, reduces inflammation and strengthens the local immunity of the respiratory system.

Diseases for which inhalation therapy is indicated are:

bronchial asthma;
obstructive pulmonary disease ( a disease in which the air space in the lungs narrows);
cystic fibrosis ( damage to organs that secrete mucus, including the lungs);
respiratory distress syndrome in newborns ( breathing disorder);
pneumonia of various origins;
allergies accompanied by damage to the respiratory system;
bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( damage to the bronchi and lung tissues, most often developing in premature infants);
bronchiolitis ( inflammation of bronchioles);
bronchitis ( inflammatory lesion of the bronchi);
rhinitis ( inflammation of the nasal mucosa);
tonsillitis ( inflammatory lesion of the tonsils);
pharyngitis ( inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa);
various types of influenza.

Rules for using a children's inhaler

Regardless of the type and model of the inhaler, the device is operated in accordance with a number of rules. Also, the equipment may have specific recommendations intended only for this model, which are indicated in the instructions for use.

General rules for using the inhaler are:

For inhalation, solutions consisting of a drug and saline solution in a 1 to 1 ratio are most often used. Some drugs are used in their pure form. In rare cases, a solution of medicine and boiled water can be used.
The liquid must be poured into a special chamber, after which the nebulizer lid should be closed. The volume of the finished solution is determined by the doctor, but in most cases does not exceed 5 milliliters.
Then you should set the particle size of the aerosol cloud into which the device will transform the medicinal solution. This parameter depends on which part of the respiratory system the therapeutic effect will be applied to.
After this, you need to connect the nozzle through which the medicine will be supplied. For children under 3 years old, it is better to use a mask attachment. In older adults, mouthpieces that are inserted into the oral or nasal cavity are effective.
The duration of inhalation is determined by the doctor, but, as a rule, does not exceed 10 minutes. During the procedure, parents should ensure that the child’s breathing is even and calm.
After completing the session, you should disconnect all the nozzles and the chamber for the drug, soak in a soapy solution for 10 - 15 minutes, then rinse with boiling water and dry in the open air.

What drugs can be used in children's inhalers?

Used in children's inhalers wide range medicines.

The groups of drugs used in nebulizers are:

Bronchodilators. Intended to reduce symptoms of bronchial asthma and relieve spasms in certain respiratory diseases. Can be used in all types of inhalers. Used together with saline solution. The most popular bronchodilator drug for inhalation therapy is Berodual. Such agents as Berotec, Atrovent, and salbutamol are also used.
Antibiotics. Indicated for diseases of the respiratory system that occur with complications. Can only be used in compressor or electronic mesh nebulizers. Antibiotics are used together with saline solution. For inhalation, drugs such as dioxidine and ceftriaxone are used.
Antiseptics. Prescribed for diseases of the upper respiratory tract and can be used in any inhaler. The most common drug is miramistin, which is used in its pure form. Streptomycin, furatsilin, gentamicin are also used.
Immunomodulators. Used for the treatment and prevention of viral diseases. The drug most often prescribed is interferon, which must be diluted with boiled water before use, not saline. For inhalation with this product, only compressor or electronic mesh nebulizers can be used.
Vasoconstrictor drugs. Indicated to relieve symptoms of a runny nose and used with saline solution. The drug is delivered using a special nasal attachment. The most common medicine is naphthyzine, which can be used in any type of inhaler.
Hormonal drugs. Included in the treatment of bronchial asthma and obstructive pulmonary disease. Not used in inhaler models with ultrasound. Most often, the drug pulmicort is prescribed for nebulizer therapy. Depending on the age of the patient and the doctor’s instructions, it can be used in solution or in pure form.
Mucolytics. They are a group of drugs designed to thin sputum and are prescribed for bronchitis, asthma, and pneumonia. The most common mucolytic agent for inhalation is lazolvan, which is used in conjunction with saline solution and can be used in any device. Also, to reduce viscosity and facilitate sputum rejection, mineral waters such as Essentuki, Narzan or Borjomi can be used. Before use, the water must be heated and shaken vigorously to remove gases.

There are a number of drugs that cannot be used for inhalation therapy, regardless of the type of device, the age of the child and other factors.

Drugs that are not used in nebulizers are:

any solutions that contain oils;
self-prepared remedies from tablets, herbs;
sweet cough syrups;
diphenhydramine, papaverine, aminophylline.

When choosing an inhaler for a child, you should take into account the purposes for which the device will most often be used. Thus, due to limitations in the drugs used, if you have frequent bronchitis, asthma or allergies, you should not purchase ultrasonic nebulizers. The best choice for such diseases would be a compressor or electronic mesh nebulizer. Ultrasound devices are suitable for the treatment of colds.

There are other criteria that should be considered when choosing a nebulizer for a child.

Circumstances to consider when choosing children's inhaler, are:

Form. To prevent inhalation from causing fear and reluctance in the child to carry out the procedure, it is recommended to choose devices in the form of children's toys, animals, and fairy-tale characters.
Equipment. You should choose those inhaler models that have the necessary set of attachments appropriate for the child’s age.
Materials. When purchasing a nebulizer for children infancy Special attention should be given to the materials from which the mask and other elements that come into contact with the child’s respiratory tract are made. These parts should be made of soft hypoallergenic plastic.
Mobility. If the device is purchased for regular use, which is important when chronic diseases, then preference should be given to models with a removable battery or batteries. This will allow you to use the device in transport and other places where there is no electricity.