Acne causes. Acne

Acne treatment.

Causes of acne. Acne - inflammatory disease sebaceous glands. The most common type of acne is common (or vulgar) acne. The occurrence of acne is associated with blockage of the sebaceous gland duct. Acne due to increased function of the sebaceous glands is most often observed during puberty. These are the so-called juvenile acne, which develops in boys and girls on the face, chest, and back. Against the background of greasy, porous skin, grayish-black plugs (“black dots”) appear, from which, when pressed, a thick sebaceous secretion is released in the form of “worms” with a black head.

Fat, stagnating in the outlet ducts of the sebaceous glands, decomposes, creating an excellent environment for the proliferation of pyogenic microbes. As a result, inflammation occurs around the plugs and acne forms in the form of inflammatory nodules and pustules. Without treatment, they can grow into deeper, inflammatory, painful local lumps of purplish-red color, which open with the release of pus, after which scars may remain. All processes that weaken the body's resistance to pyogenic microbes contribute to the appearance of acne.

Mild acne goes away by the age of 20-25; more pronounced acne, as a rule, subsides by the age of 30-35. Blackheads should be squeezed out periodically, after steaming the skin and washing your hands thoroughly. If the cork has already been squeezed out, then the skin should be thoroughly wiped with alcohol; if after squeezing it remains dark spot, especially after large acne, it is useful to apply compresses of hydrogen peroxide solution to it twice a day for 10 minutes. so that the stain dissolves faster.

Many women suffer from premenstrual acne, which is caused by the release of the hormone progesterone after ovulation. The form of the disease in which blackheads (comedones) predominate occurs when sebaceous secretions combine with skin pigment and clog pores. If the mass fills the pores inside the skin, then closed (“white”) blackheads appear. In severe cases, whiteheads enlarge, spread under the skin and rupture, leading to inflammation and suppuration.

The exact cause of acne has not been established.

If acne appears on the skin, you need to carefully protect it from dust and dirt, use cosmetics carefully, since rubbing some creams and ointments into the skin can contribute to the development of the disease. If there are a small number of “black spots”, it is enough to wipe your face with lemon juice (or a piece of lemon), toilet vinegar, or a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide. must be comprehensive and prescribed by a doctor. Typically, internal and external agents are used. Diet is very important, excluding fatty meats, smoked meats, limiting the consumption of eggs, sugar, jam, honey and eating mainly dairy products, vegetables and fruits. If you are prone to constipation, it is recommended to eat rich in fiber, - black bread, sauerkraut, prunes, mild laxatives - rhubarb, buckthorn. Vitamins are useful, especially vitamin A.

External acne treatments aim to degrease and disinfect the skin, soften “blackheads” and, if possible, eliminate existing pigmentation. Areas of greatest accumulation of black plugs should be thoroughly wiped with a sponge or soft cloth, moistened with soapy alcohol or soap suds mixed with finely ground salt and borax. Sebaceous skin, on which dust and dirt easily settle, must be wiped several times during the day with a cotton swab moistened with some alcohol (2% salicylic, camphor, a mixture of alcohol with ether), diluted calendula tincture, infusion of cucumbers with vodka and etc.; These compositions should be changed periodically.

In mild forms, when there is a small amount of comedones on the skin, and there are either no or very few inflammatory elements, only proper skin care can be effective, and the use of medications is either not required at all or has a purely preventive purpose.

Acne-prone skin needs to be cleansed 1-2 times a day. Soft gels, foams, and lotions are used for washing. Today on the cosmetic market there is a sufficient number various means for the care of oily skin and acne-prone skin, which not only cleanses, but also has a mattifying and anti-inflammatory effect.

To soften the horn plugs, it is advisable to take steam baths 1-2 times a week, for which, after pouring boiling water into a basin, tilt your head over it, cover it with a terry towel and hold it over the basin for 10-15 minutes. Poultices made from infusions of medicinal herbs—sage, chamomile, horsetail, etc.—work better than steam baths. Soak a napkin in the hot infusion, quickly squeeze it out and apply it to the face; change the napkin as it cools. To avoid catching a cold, you should not go outside after such procedures. Complete removal of juvenile acne is quite possible, but this requires long-term complex treatment and patience.

An important place in the treatment of acne is occupied by medicinal plants, used for baths, compresses, poultices and ointments. Other remedies that have long been used by people in the treatment of acne on the face are also effective. Below are these products, which are recommended to be used only after consultation with a dermatologist.

Folk remedies for treating acne (for internal use)

1. When acne appears on the skin, it is recommended, as noted above, not to eat too much sweet and fatty foods. If, due to some circumstances, fatty foods cannot be excluded from the menu, you should consume as many lemons as possible or simply drink lemon juice.

2. It is useful to drink parsley broth or carrot juice on an empty stomach.

3. Infusion of nettle leaves

Pour 400 ml of boiling water over two tablespoons of leaves and leave for 2 hours. For acne, drink half a glass 4 times a day before meals.

4. Infusion of dandelion root

Pour one tablespoon of crushed roots into 1 glass of hot water and simmer over low heat for 15 minutes. cool 45 minutes. strain. Drink warm 1/3-1/2 cup 3 times a day for 15 minutes. before meals. Use for furunculosis, skin rashes, acne and other diseases associated with metabolic disorders.

5. Decoction of burdock roots

Boil one tablespoon of ground burdock roots in 0.5 liters of water for 10 minutes. strain. Take the cooled broth in a medium glass 4 times a day.

6. Infusion of sage herb

Two spools (8.5 g) of herb to 3 oz (90 ml) water. Take 2 ounces (60ml) every 3 hours. Use against acne.

7. Brewer's yeast

Drinking 1-2 teaspoons of brewer's yeast before or during meals will help get rid of acne. You can also drink yeast on an empty stomach by diluting it in warm milk.

8. An infusion of a mixture of equal parts of licorice root, dandelion, burdock, buckthorn bark, and dill seeds. Drink half a glass hot half an hour before meals.

Folk remedies for treating acne (for external use)

1. Infusion of aloe vera leaves

Cut the leaves from the plant, wash and keep for 10 days in a dark, cold place, then grind them to a paste-like state, pour cold boiled water (5 parts of water for 1 part of the paste). Leave the mixture for an hour, then boil for no more than 2-3 minutes. strain. Use to wipe the face for oily skin, skin irritation, acne.

2. Cucumber treatment

a) Cucumber infusion

Pour four tablespoons of chopped cucumber into 300 ml of boiling water and leave for 4 hours. Use as a lotion for acne.

b) Cucumber mask

Grate the unpeeled fresh cucumber; Pour 3 tablespoons of the mixture into 2 cups of boiling water, leave and apply the mask to your face.

Use for acne.

c) Cucumber-honey gruel

Pour three tablespoons of grated cucumber into 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 2-3 hours, strain, and squeeze out the sediment. Add 1 tablespoon of bee honey to the infusion, stir well until completely dissolved. After moistening a cotton swab with this mixture, wipe your face after washing and wait until it dries. After 30 - 40 min. Wash your face with cool water. Use as one of the complex remedies for the treatment of acne.

3. Onion pulp is used to remove acne.

4. Fresh parsley juice

Apply the juice to acne-prone facial skin 2 times a day for 20-25 days.

5. Radish seed oil

Lubricate purulent acne on the face. This makes your facial skin clean and soft.

6. Common raspberry

a) Infusion and decoction of raspberry flowers are used to treat acne on the face with oily skin.

b) Fresh raspberry leaves are useful for treating acne.

c) Ointment from leaf juice

Mix one part of fresh raspberry leaf juice with 4 parts of Vaseline or butter. Use to treat acne.

d) Infusion of berries or raspberry leaves

Pour two or three tablespoons of berries or leaves into 2 cups of boiling water and leave. Use to wash your face for acne and rashes.

7. Calendula officinalis

a) Infusion of flowers

Pour one tablespoon of dried flowers with 2 cups of boiling water, leave for 20-30 minutes. strain, cool. Use as lotions and rubs for oily, porous acne.

b) Calendula tincture with honey

Pour 1 teaspoon of calendula tincture (pharmaceutical preparation) and 1 teaspoon of honey into a glass of warm water, mix well. Use as a lotion for acne and oily skin.

c) Take 2 tablespoons of flowers and juice of fresh calendula herb, pour 50 ml of pure alcohol, add 40 ml of water and 30 ml of cologne. Leave for 3 days in a warm place; then add 5 g boric acid and 3 g glycerin. Mix thoroughly. Apply this emulsion to acne-affected skin areas 2 times a day.

8. Infusion of marshmallow roots

Pour 6 g of marshmallow roots into 200 ml of cold water, leave for 5-7 hours, strain. Use as a lotion for inflamed acne.

9. Rosehip infusion

Pour 10 g of crushed fruits into 100 ml of boiling water, boil for 5 minutes. over low heat, leave for 1 hour, strain. Use for acne.

10. Juice of viburnum fruits

Lubricate your face for acne. You can brew viburnum fruits as tea, and then wash your face with it, make lotions and compresses, and also take it orally. Your face will become clean.

11. Chamomile, calendula, camphor alcohol

For wiping oily, acne-prone skin, a mixture of infusions of chamomile, calendula and camphor alcohol works well.

12. Chamomile infusion

A compress made from chamomile infusion works well on oily, acne-prone skin: pour a tablespoon of dry inflorescences into 2 cups of boiling water, leave for 10-15 minutes. strain. Moisten napkins in a moderately hot infusion, wring them out lightly and apply to your face 6 times in a row every 5 minutes. The course of treatment consists of 20 - 25 procedures, of which the first 10 - 15 are done daily, the rest - every other day.

14. Mud mask

Stir 50 g of powdered medicinal mud with a few tablespoons of fresh milk until a paste forms and add 0.5 g of powdered sulfur. Apply the resulting mixture to your face. After 30 min. Rinse off the mask with cool water. Use for juvenile acne.

15. Sauerkraut mask. Sauerkraut is applied to the face in a thick layer for 15 minutes, then the skin is rinsed with sage infusion and lubricated with a nourishing cream for oily skin.

16.Watermelon. Watermelon juice is used for the mask. Napkins (or the watermelon pulp itself), moistened with juice, are applied to the face for 20 minutes daily for 15-20 days. The mask is washed off with water at room temperature.

For acne, it is recommended to cut out a mask from several layers of gauze, soak it in aloe juice and apply it to the face for 30 - 40 minutes. It is advisable to put a layer of absorbent cotton wool on top of the gauze, covering it with a gauze bandage, also cut in the form of a mask. The procedures are done daily at first, then every other day, and then twice a week. The course of treatment is about 30 procedures.

Oil tea tree is natural antiseptic and an antibiotic. Concentrated oil should be applied strictly to inflamed areas 3 times a day. Soap containing tea tree oil may also be helpful.

To perfectly cleanse your face, take oatmeal porridge and put it in a mixer, beat everything to a powder and you can also add bodyagi there if you have inflammation, add a teaspoon of lemon and peroxide and mix. Apply to steamed skin for 20-30 minutes. When it hardens it will be difficult to wash off, wash it off hot water.

Whiteheads (millet)

Millet spots are small, round, convex, white spots. They usually appear on the bridge of the nose, cheekbones and around the eyes. The reason for their appearance is compaction in the ducts of the sebaceous and sweat glands with reduced sebum secretion. The gland does not rupture, as is the case with acne, the sebum thickens and turns white.

None preventive measures don't make sense. If you want to remove them, use a sterile needle to pierce the skin and gently squeeze out. Then lubricate the area with alcohol or cologne, and if blood appears, with tincture of iodine. If the grasses do not bother you, then it is better not to touch them.

It is impossible to treat acne for everyone using one template scheme. After all, everyone has their own reason for the appearance of a rash. Treatment should be prescribed by a doctor after a detailed examination of the patient. When prescribing a treatment regimen, the patient’s age, gender, duration and severity of the disease are also taken into account. Often, local treatment with antibiotics and acids is necessary to treat acne. The duration of acne treatment also depends on the above factors.

On average it is more than two months. After treatment, it is necessary to obtain recommendations from your doctor on proper skin care.

Acne appears due to the replenishment of the sebaceous glands

Acne is an inflammatory process that manifests itself in the form of a rash on the face and body. The main cause of the disease is disruption of the sebaceous glands. This leads to excessive secretion of skin secretions, which clogs the pores and prevents the skin from receiving enough oxygen.

Other causes of acne include:

Acne in teenagers

The main cause of acne in teenagers is hormonal disorders, occurring in the body during puberty. During this period, girls and boys experience a significant increase in androgen levels, which causes hyperactivity of the sebaceous glands.

The aggravation of the pathology is facilitated by the desire of adolescents to quickly get rid of inflammation through the active use of aggressive cosmetics. They do not have the desired effect, but dry the skin and cause even more sebum production.

Acne treatment

Acne treatment is prescribed by a specialist based on:

• number and location of rashes;
• sebum secretion rate;
• presence of complications (pigmentation, scars);
• the general health of the patient.

Depending on the stage of development of the disease, you can use specialized medications based on antibiotics, azelaic or salicylic acid. The action of these products is aimed at reducing the intensity of the sebaceous glands, disinfecting and regenerating skin cells.

How to deal with acne

For quick and effective fight against acne it is important to use complex therapy, which includes taking medications and cosmetics to cleanse the skin.

During the treatment process, experts recommend stick to proper nutrition, namely, to exclude from daily diet foods that contain large amounts of sugar. Sweet foods cause a strong spike in insulin in the blood, creating favorable conditions for bacteria to multiply.

1. fried, fatty, salty and spicy foods;
2. baked goods;
3. carbonated drinks.

How to treat acne at home

To treat acne at home, there are a large number of recipes for preparing natural masks and lotions that have a high anti-inflammatory and drying effect.

Have a good effect masks made of white, black, blue and pink clay. Thus, clay cleanses the skin, tightens pores, and dries out inflammation. To prepare such a mask, you need to dilute a small amount of dry clay in warm water until a paste forms, and then apply it to the skin and rinse off after drying.

To treat acne, rubbing the skin with calendula tincture is suitable. Calendula flowers have regenerating properties, and the alcohol base is an antiseptic. Required condition When using such products, moisturize with a light cream twice a day.

Acne hormonal causes

Unfortunately, acne associated with hormonal imbalances is not limited to teenagers. Many women suffer from the problem of premenstrual acne. The reason for this is a sharp increase in progesterone after ovulation.

Acne can also be a consequence of taking hormonal contraceptives. In men, the development of acne is associated with high level testosterone in the body, which indicates disorders of the endocrine and reproductive systems. This effect is also observed in the case of taking steroid drugs.

Anti-acne medications

Specialized drugs developed against acne are effective tools with which you can influence the problem. The best drug on this list is Roaccutane.

It contains isotretinoin, a potent substance that:

• restores the functioning of the sebaceous glands;
• promotes fast healing inflamed skin;
• accelerates tissue regeneration.

This drug is suitable for both men and women. It is approved for use from 12 years of age. Before starting treatment, the patient is recommended to consult a doctor. The course of taking the drug lasts 8 weeks (on average). In severe cases of acne, the duration of treatment is 16-20 weeks.

Roaccutane Photo

Product characteristics

• Compound: Isotretinoin 10 mg
• Start of action: in 3-4 weeks
• Action time: from 6-20 weeks
• Taking with alcohol: incompatible
• Product rating:
• Purpose: Acne treatment
• Product availability: in stock
• Price: 2180 RUB 30 tablets

Acne - This pathological manifestations inflammatory in nature, which develop on the skin of the face, back, and décolleté. They may look like comedones , that is, blackheads, and like pimples. This phenomenon is mainly characteristic of adolescence: about 80% of teenagers experience acne to one degree or another. However, this disease quite often affects adults: approximately 25% of men and 50% of women report the appearance of acne at some stage in their lives.

Causes of acne

The appearance of acne on the skin is determined primarily by the process of damage sebaceous glands And excretory ducts . In addition, they are involved in the inflammatory process hair follicles . The appearance of acne vulgaris in most cases is a complication. With this disease, a person experiences a change in the composition of sebum: the amount of sebum in it significantly decreases. fatty acids, which have a disinfecting effect. As a result, the bactericidal properties are suppressed, and the process of bacterial proliferation in the sebaceous glands begins. In addition, inflammation occurs as a consequence of mechanical irritation of the horny masses, which accumulate in the excretory ducts of the glands. The severity of the disease depends on how the sebaceous glands react to male sex hormones. As a rule, a more intense reaction of the sebaceous glands to hormones has hereditary causes.

There are a number of types of acne, which are classified depending on the cause of their occurrence. It is customary to distinguish ordinary , medicinal , red , professional , as well as other types of acne. But the most commonly diagnosed are acne rosacea and acne vulgaris. They may look like black dots, purulent formations with white discharge accumulating inside them, as well as red inflamed formations. Pimples appear when hair follicles on the skin are blocked by secretions from the sebaceous glands. As a rule, acne appears on the skin of the face, back, forearms, and chest. Also often such formations appear on the nose. It is noted that the tendency to this disease in some cases is inherited. In addition, the development of this disease can be influenced by a stressful situation, treatment with certain medications against a variety of diseases. Changes in the functioning of the sebaceous glands may be a consequence of hormonal imbalance. As a result, the glands produce more sebum, resulting in clogged pores. Such pathological changes often noticeable even in photographs. In addition, the cause of the disease in some cases is too frequent squeezing of the skin or a person’s constant habit of touching the skin of the face with their hands, which leads to infection.

In addition, some diseases are factors that provoke the development of acne vulgaris: endocrine disorders , neurocirculatory , persistent chronic constipation , reduction of nonspecific resistance of the body , hypovitaminosis A .

Acne symptoms

Blackheads on the face and other areas often look like blackheads (called open comedones), which are actually enlarged facial pores that have become clogged. Typically, open comedones are gray-brown or black in color due to chemical reactions. In some cases, it is possible to remove such blackheads by a cosmetologist or doctor. At the same time, getting rid of whiteheads is much more difficult, since the hole in these pores is very small.

As a rule, acne appears in a person during adolescence and looks like small red bumps. But in some cases, with a more severe course of the disease, acne resembles large cysts and nodules. If bacteria actively multiply inside the comedone, then an inflammatory process occurs, pus is formed, and yellowish tubercles appear. If such pustules are squeezed out, the inflammation worsens and the size of the pimple increases. But most severe course The disease is observed when cysts form: in this case, noticeable scars remain on the skin after healing.

Speaking about the symptoms of the disease, it should be noted that with mild to moderate severity of the disease, careful and proper self-care of the skin is first of all necessary. But if after one and a half to two months a person does not notice a noticeable improvement in the condition or there is a deterioration, then you should still consult a doctor. Often, people who, due to acne, experience noticeable discomfort in cosmetic terms, turn to a specialist for advice. Sometimes exacerbations of the disease occur: in this condition, the patient develops noticeable painful red rashes, and the symptoms do not disappear for three or more days. In this case, you also need to see a doctor.

Defeat red acne more typical for women after thirty years of age. In this case, most often the root cause is defeat neurovegetative And vascular system , as well as gastrointestinal diseases and some endocrine disorders. This disease has a chronic course: constant manifestation symptoms of the disease occur if a woman experiences severe neuropsychic stress, makes serious errors in her diet, often experiences hypothermia and overheating, strong influence sun rays, does not comply with basic rules of personal hygiene.

Manifestation medicinal acne – a consequence of the occurrence of an inflammatory reaction in response to the effects of drugs, both direct and indirect. Most often, the appearance of medicinal acne is a consequence of the use of drugs. iodine And bromine . Sometimes nodular rashes also appear after treatment glucocorticoids . In this case, first of all, you should discontinue the drug that provoked the disease and carry out the same therapy as for ordinary acne.

Appearance professional acne – a consequence of a long period of exposure to certain elements on the skin, for example, petroleum products and coal. In the process of their constant exposure, proliferation of the epidermis appears, comedones appear and the inflammatory process develops.

In any case, acne treatment is a necessary measure, since this problem has a direct impact on both a person’s quality of life and his psychological mood. This problem can be especially critical for teenagers who have a hard time dealing with changes in appearance and the changes associated with it.

Acne treatment

Acne treatment is carried out by a dermatologist, as a rule, it takes place on an outpatient basis. If the rash is not severe, then it is possible to use ordinary hygiene products. However, before using them, you should ask a specialist in detail about how to get rid of acne. If the patient has profuse acne that is pustular in nature, as well as indurative and phlegmonous formations, then in this case it is advisable to treat with a course. A special approach is also practiced in the treatment of acne in newborns. Most often, patients are prescribed either long-term use tetracycline , . In addition, in the process of treating acne, it is important to take vitamin A or. Externally applied delex and other means. They effectively influence the condition of the skin of patients, which is noticeable even in the photo.

If a patient is diagnosed with red acne, he is prescribed tetracycline. In addition, treatment with nicotinic acid is recommended, as well as the use of quinoline drugs. Sometimes cryomassage is also practiced.

When prescribing antibiotics, they are also prescribed in parallel. The fact is that the effect of antibiotic drugs on intestinal flora can be especially negative. Due to this phenomenon, digestion worsens and acne becomes more intense. Probiotics will help maintain the integrity of digestive activity and thus improve skin condition.

If a particularly severe form of the disease is diagnosed, the patient is sometimes prescribed drugs that contain . In this case, it is important to remember the contraindications, since such drugs should not be taken by pregnant women and those women who are planning to conceive a child.

There are also drugs that are injected directly into the lesions. With their help, the symptoms of inflammation are reduced and the healing process is activated. After such injections, scars appear much less pronounced.

Acne on the face can also be treated at home, using both folk remedies and some cosmetics for skin care. To this day, there are many traditional medicine tips on how to get rid of acne on the face. Effective treatment is ensured through regular facial hygiene using products that disinfect and degrease the skin. For this, ordinary soap is suitable, after which the skin of the face must be wiped with boric salicylic alcohol.

If a patient is diagnosed with professional acne, then initially it is necessary to avoid contact with substances that provoked this disease. The doctor prescribes vitamin A, ascorbic acid, as well as treatment with external agents, which are also used if the patient has ordinary rosacea. At home, you can also use regular warm baths.

Doctors

Medicines

Treating acne with over-the-counter products

For many teenagers and older people, acne on the back, cheeks and other areas of the body can be cured without resorting to antibiotics. In this case, anti-acne medications are used, which are sold in pharmacies without a doctor's prescription. When buying ointment for acne, you should know that the most effective effect in this case is salicylic acid and sulfur and sulfur , azelaic acid , .

Anti-acne cream based on these products is recommended to be applied to skin affected by rashes every day. This should be done only after thoroughly cleansing the skin. When giving patients recommendations on how to treat acne at home, doctors advise paying attention to changes in skin condition. If signs of irritation appear and the skin becomes very dry, then the frequency of use of such products should be reduced. Acne on the chin and other areas of the face should never be squeezed out, as removing the contents can cause infection and cause scarring. To cleanse your face, you should use a delicate acne remedy, after which you can periodically use a special mask for acne. problem skin.

In order to determine how to get rid of acne at home and how to deal with them, you need to know some simple rules. The patient should be as careful as possible when choosing soap and other personal hygiene products. Cosmetics should also be selected carefully, giving preference to water-based products, as well as those creams and lotions that do not clog pores. Any folk remedies for acne should not be used without prior consultation with a doctor.

But when treating acne, every person should understand that the manifestations of rashes on the skin of the face and body are evidence of the presence of certain problems in one system of the body or in several of its systems. That is why, when choosing a specific method of getting rid of acne, it is necessary to determine the root cause of the disease in order to eliminate it.

Acne lifestyle

Acne gets worse if a person is under severe stress. The fact is that with noticeable stress, an increase in hormone content is observed. Therefore, acne treatment should include not only the use medications, but also methods to eliminate the effects of stress - yoga, meditation, breathing exercises. Treatment folk remedies also improves the condition nervous system through the use of herbal remedies with a sedative effect.

Another important point is regular physical activity. If a person has acne on the face and other parts of the body, then an active lifestyle is important from the standpoint of activating the work of the lungs and heart. As a result, it increases and the cells of the human body are better supplied with oxygen. In addition, the functioning of the digestive system improves, which promotes intensive cleansing of toxins. Thus, the causes of the disease are eliminated, and acne gradually disappears.

If there are rashes, a person should definitely be in the fresh air as much as possible, since both adolescents and mature people in daylight activate the release of vitamin D, which determines the condition of a person’s skin. In addition, in the fresh air, the level of oxygen in the skin increases, which helps to clear the skin of rashes more quickly. But people who are thinking about how to get rid of acne should know that in this case we are not talking about intense tanning or long stay in the sun.

People who suffer from acne are advised to stay in places with too much humidity and temperature as little as possible. Daily washing should be done only with water at room temperature, since hot water can significantly worsen the course of the disease.

Diet, nutrition for acne

For patients of any age who have developed acne, it is important to adjust their diet to ensure that their body eliminates toxins as efficiently as possible. Acne treatment will be much more effective if a person follows a gentle diet. Patients suffering from severe acne are recommended to include as many fresh fruits, vegetables, and nuts in their diet. The large amount of vitamins contained in such products have an excellent effect on general condition skin and help get rid of acne.

Products that contain a lot of them also have a positive effect on the health of such patients. vitamin C : citrus fruits, strawberries, melons, cabbage, potatoes.

To strengthen immunity needed vitamin E , which is found in peanuts, almonds, and leafy vegetables. Improves epithelial tissue functions vitamin A , which also prevents the formation of acne and wrinkles. It is found in large quantities in carrots, pumpkin, broccoli, melon, cabbage, spinach, and orange vegetables.

At the same time, you should not abuse sugar, white rice, or white flour products. Eating such food leads to excess insulin in the blood, which contributes to hormonal fluctuations and deterioration of skin condition. There is also an opinion that the consumption of dairy products aggravates the acne problem. You should also not drink coffee and especially alcoholic beverages frequently. But you need to drink a lot of water - at least seven glasses a day. After all, a lack of moisture contributes to dry skin, and the healing and renewal process of the skin slows down.

List of sources

• Adaskevich V.P. Acne vulgar and pink. M.: Medical book, N. Novgorod: NGMA Publishing House; 2003;
• Mayorova A.V., Shapovalov V.S., Akhtyamov S.N. Acne in the practice of a dermatocosmetologist. M.: “Firm Kavel”, 2005;
• Wolfe K., Johnson R., Surmond D. Dermatology according to Thomas Fitzpatrick. Atlas-directory. Second Russian edition. M.: Praktika 2007;
• Samtsov A.V. Acne and acneiform dermatoses. M., 2009.
• Adaskevich V.P. Diagnostic indices in dermatology. Moscow: Medical book; 2004;

Acne (blackheads, acne, pimples)– an inflammatory process that occurs in the hair follicle and sebaceous gland. This is the most common skin lesion. Everyone felt its manifestations to varying degrees. This problem is especially relevant for young people, since as they grow older, the risk of acne increases significantly.

Skin anatomy

The skin is the largest organ of our body, the area of ​​which reaches 1.5-2 m². Its function is to protect the human body from external adverse factors. Besides, skin performs a number of other important tasks:

• body thermoregulation
• removal of harmful substances
• breath
• production of sweat and sebum
• accumulation of energy reserves (in the form of subcutaneous fat)
• perception of stimuli (touch, temperature, pressure)

Anatomically, the skin consists of three layers:

1. Epidermis or superficial layer– represented by flat stratified epithelium. This part of the skin has five layers. Gradually, cells from the lower layer rise to the surface. This journey takes them about a month. There is less water in the cells and metabolism stops. Therefore, the top layer becomes keratinized and becomes “dead.” Its cells gradually exfoliate. In this way, old skin cells are gradually replaced with new ones.


2. The skin itself (dermis) or deep layer. It consists of fibrous connective tissue.

   The dermis is also divided into two layers.

   • Upper – papillary, more dense. It is saturated with blood capillaries, nerve fibers and has the appearance of papillae that are pressed into the epidermis, forming thin grooves. The openings of the sebaceous and sweat glands are also located here. The secretion of which moistens the skin.
   • Reticulate The layer contains sebaceous and sweat glands, as well as hair follicles. Elastic fibers are woven into it, which are responsible for the elasticity of the skin. There are also unstriated muscle fibers here, which raise the hair and cause goose bumps.


3. Subcutaneous fat (hypodermis) makes up the bottom layer. It has a looser structure and contains a large amount of connective tissue and accumulations of fat cells. Its function is to protect against temperature changes, absorb shock and store nutrients.

Skin is one of the most important human organs. Therefore, his diseases, such as acne, bring not only aesthetic defects, but also psychological discomfort. Diseases prevent the skin from performing its functions. In this case, the normal functioning of the entire body is disrupted. Therefore, acne must be treated no less carefully than other diseases.

Causes of acne

What can cause acne?

1. Disturbances in the hormonal system.

   Hormones regulate the activity of the entire body, including the skin. The appearance of acne is influenced by:

   • Testosterone – refers to the male sex hormones androgens, which are synthesized in the gonads of both men and women. Increased testosterone production makes the sebaceous glands work more intensely. Sebum accumulates in the glands. This creates favorable conditions for the development of bacteria. In women, the predominance of testosterone can cause excess hair growth, acne is common, and the skin becomes thick and rough. There are cases when the androgen content does not exceed the norm, and changes in the body are caused by increased sensitivity to testosterone. The predominance of testosterone in women may be associated with ovarian dysfunction, polycystic ovary syndrome.
   
   
   • Progesterone – refers to female sex hormones, gestagens. Produced in both sexes by the ovaries, testes and adrenal glands. It begins to act on the female body in the second half menstrual cycle. It is with this that the deterioration of the skin condition before the onset of menstruation is associated. This hormone makes it easily stretchable, swollen, increases the production of sebum, and promotes the retention of fats in the skin.
   During adolescence (10-18 years) the formation of endocrine system and puberty. Pituitary hormones influence the function of the gonads and the synthesis of sex hormones. Often this process does not proceed evenly. Testosterone predominates in the teenage body during this period. It causes frequent acne in teenagers.
2. Imbalance of the autonomic nervous system.

   Normally, in humans, the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system are in balance. They regulate the functioning of all organs of the human body. One of them temporarily prevails over the other depending on the situation and conditions external environment. Disturbances in this balance and intensive work of one of the departments lead to an increase in the tone of the vagal innervation of the sebaceous glands, as well as hyperproduction of sebum. The cause of dysfunction of the nervous system can be: stress, lack of sleep, fatigue, increased physical activity, endocrine changes in the body (for example, after childbirth).



3. Overactivity of the sebaceous glands.

   Normally, the secretion of the sebaceous glands (sebum) has bactericidal properties. It protects the skin from drying out, premature aging, UV radiation, frostbite and is an antioxidant. However, if the sebaceous glands are overly active, then sebum does not have time to be distributed over the surface of the skin, but accumulates in the sebaceous gland. In this case, conditions for the growth of bacteria become favorable. As a result, those microorganisms that lived on the skin and did not harm it begin to actively multiply. Their activity causes acne.



4. Changes in the composition of sebum.

   With increased sebum production, its composition changes. The concentration of linoleic acid decreases. This causes the pH level to become disturbed and the skin reaction to become more alkaline. As a result, the permeability of water into the mouths of the follicles increases. This creates conditions for the growth of microorganisms. In addition, sebum becomes thicker. This prevents it from being brought to the surface. As a result, comedones are formed.



5. Stress and mental stress.

   They significantly undermine the body's defenses. Strong nervous shock can undermine the immune system and hormonal balance, cause an imbalance in the nervous system, and as a result of these disorders, acne appears.



6. Decline of local immunity and activation of opportunistic microorganisms.

   Local skin immunity is provided by the immune cell system. The most important of them are Langerhans cells. They activate the local immune response and control the activity of specific cells (epidermal macrophages, epithelial cells). The skin's defenses are adversely affected by:

   • uncontrolled use of cosmetics
   • excessive UV exposure
   • stress
   • bad habits
   • poor nutrition
   If the natural defenses are impaired, the following bacteria cause acne: Propionibacterium acnes, Propionibacterium granulosum, Staphylococcus epidermidis, as well as fungi and subcutaneous mites.


7. Hereditary predisposition.

   If parents have had acne, then there is a high chance that their children will also suffer from this problem. A person's skin type is determined genetically. The following traits are inherited from parents:

   • increased testosterone levels
   • Features of local skin immunity
   • level of sensitivity of the sebaceous glands to the effects of sex hormones
   • disruption of the functioning of the upper layers of the epithelium (not removed in time, thickens)
   • tendency to form defective sebaceous glands
   • production of sebum with altered properties (irritating to the skin, too thick)
   The occurrence of spherical or conglobate acne in men is also inherited and is associated with the Y chromosome.


8. Dietary disorders.

   Flour and confectionery contain many simple carbohydrates. Their entry into the body leads to the production of large amounts of insulin and insulin-like growth factor. In this regard, the level of male sex hormone increases, which causes increased production of sebum. As a result, favorable conditions are created for the life of bacteria.

   The abundance of fats in the diet leads to the fact that they enter the blood in large quantities and are subsequently excreted through the skin. The sebaceous glands cannot cope with sebum removal. It accumulates and is colonized by bacteria.



9. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine glands, genital organs.

   Acne is often a symptom of internal diseases. So, for example, diseases of the digestive system lead to the fact that food is not fully absorbed and stagnates. At the same time, a large amount of toxins is formed in the gastrointestinal tract. They are absorbed into the blood. And since the skin also performs excretory function, then toxins released through the skin cause acne.

   Acne can be a symptom of the following conditions and diseases:

   • irritable bowel syndrome
   • acute and chronic gastritis
   • stones in bile ducts
   Acne also occurs if kidneys do not cope with the removal of toxins. The cause may be the following diseases: renal failure, kidney stones, pyelonephritis.

   Diseases of the genital organs are closely related to the occurrence of acne. They can be caused by: polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian sclerocystosis, previous infections and gynecological operations, abortion. This disrupts the production of female sex hormones and, as a result, rashes on the face.

   Diseases of the endocrine glands , which are responsible for hormonal balance, can also cause acne. These may be: diseases of the pituitary gland (hypopituitarism, prolactinoma), adrenal glands (Andosteroma tumor, causing excessive secretion of male sex hormones).

   Availability hearth chronic infection in the body, such as carious teeth, sinusitis, also worsens the condition of the skin. Microorganisms are carried through the bloodstream and penetrate into various organs and tissue, causing areas of inflammation. Also, with these diseases, general and local immunity decreases.



10. Taking certain medications.

    Acne often appears during or after treatment with various medications. Such acne is called medicinal acne:

    • Hormonal contraceptives: Ovral, Norlestrin, Lestrin, Norinil - may disrupt natural production female hormones estrogens.
    • Antiepileptic drugs: Phenytoin, Trimethadione - cause skin irritation when excreted through the skin.
    • Anti-tuberculosis drugs: Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol - disrupt vitamin metabolism and liver function.
    • Antidepressants: Amineptine, Methohexital, Surital, Pentotal - can cause hormonal imbalance and allergies.
    • Steroid hormones: local corticosteroids, systemic corticosteroids, anabolic steroids, gestagens - affect the production of insulin and testosterone, as a result of which large amounts of glycerol and fatty acids accumulate in the sebaceous glands.
    • Antibiotics: Unidox, Solutab, Tetracycline, Doxycycline - can cause an allergic reaction and dysbacteriosis.
    • VitaminsB 1, B 2, B 6, B 12, D 2– the rash may be a manifestation of hypervitaminosis and allergies.


11. Using inappropriate cosmetics.

    Cream, powder, lotion, blush and eye shadow - these types of cosmetics can worsen the condition of the skin. Therefore, masking acne causes an increase in the number of breakouts. Viscous products that contain oils and glycerin are considered especially dangerous. Comedogenic cosmetics are those that clog pores, provoke the appearance of comedones, and create a microfilm on the surface of the skin that prevents breathing. Any of the components can cause acne if it is not accepted by the body and irritates the skin. Therefore, even a water-based product can be comedogenic.



12. Incorrect cosmetic care.

    Both poor personal hygiene and excessive cleaning can cause acne. This is due to the fact that the natural protection and acid-base balance of the skin are disrupted.



13. Lack of vitamins A and E.

    Shortage vitamin A (retinol ) leads to hyperkeratosis (enlargement and thickening of the upper layer of the epidermis). Also, its deficiency manifests itself in peeling of the skin, its premature aging, interruptions in the functioning of the sebaceous glands, the appearance of acne, stretch marks and acne scars. Retinol ensures the normal functioning of the skin and immune system, increases resistance to microorganisms and accelerates the restoration of epithelial cells. In addition, this vitamin is involved in the production of female sex hormones, which are responsible for clean skin.
    Effective skin protection is ensured by the interaction of vitamins A and E ( tocopherol ). The latter restores damaged cell membranes, neutralizes free radicals that destroy cells and lead to aging. Also vitamin E has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the genital organs and their production of hormones.



14. Minor skin injuries.

    If the skin is prone to acne, then even microtraumas can worsen its condition. Therefore, it is not recommended to touch your face with your hands again; you should avoid rubbing your skin on clothes or a telephone receiver. Trying to squeeze out a pimple yourself also leads to the infection spreading to nearby areas of the skin. Most often, this process occurs in the direction from the nose to the ear. It is especially not recommended to squeeze pimples in the area of ​​the nasolabial triangle.

What does acne look like?

Acne (blackheads) is an inflammation of the sebaceous glands. They look like red pimples. These inflammatory nodules are often painful and cause a lot of discomfort to the person. Gradually, a purulent island forms in the center of the inflammation.

Most often, acne occurs in those areas of the skin where there are more sebaceous glands. These are the face, neck, chest and back. A person suffering from acne usually has manifestations of oily seborrhea. The skin becomes shiny, porous and thick, with a large number of comedones and inflammatory elements.

Why does acne occur?

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands, commonly known as acne, is the body’s signal of intoxication. Poisoning can be caused by various triggers: poor diet, taking medications and vitamins, alcohol, weight loss. Absorbed through the intestinal walls, toxic metabolites enter the bloodstream, which negatively affects the condition of the skin. Taking enterosorbent Enterosgel will help eliminate poisoning and improve the appearance of the skin. Thanks to the structure of the hydrophobic sponge, the product glides along the walls of the gastrointestinal tract without sticking or lingering on the mucous membranes, as do powder sorbents, the formula of which consists of tiny crystals. The gel sorbent is advantageous in that it absorbs predominantly harmful substances that cause skin inflammation, without removing vitamins, protein, beneficial bacteria. A course of Enterosgel will help cleanse the body of toxins and restore the skin to a healthy appearance.

The sebaceous gland becomes inflamed after the duct that removes sebum becomes blocked. This occurs as a result of the fact that the keratinized scales of the epidermis and the secretion of the gland have blocked the opening of the pilosebaceous duct. A plug is formed - a comedone. At the same time, sebum accumulates in the gland, and favorable conditions are created for the growth of bacteria. The body attacks pathogenic microorganisms with white blood cells. As a result, pus forms in place of accumulated sebum. It's a cloudy liquid white-yellow color, consisting of microorganisms, living and dead leukocytes, fat and various enzymes.

Often after the acne element disappears, a dark spot, scar or scar forms in its place. Therefore, it is so important to take measures to prevent the appearance of acne and treat them correctly. And although this process can take quite a long time, it is necessary to complete the treatment until the rash disappears completely.

What are the different forms of acne?

All elements of acne can be divided into two forms:

1. Inflammatory form. These include elements that are prone to inflammation and suppuration:
   • ordinary– the most common juvenile acne. They usually go away on their own by age 18;
   • acne conglobata– large spherical elements. They are prone to the formation of cysts and cavities with pus;
   • lightning fast– appear quickly and fester strongly. In their place, a wound resembling an ulcer often forms. At the same time, the state of health deteriorates significantly, intoxication of the body begins, and the temperature rises. More common in male adolescents 13-17 years old;
   • mechanical acne– arise as a result of mechanical effects on the skin. They often occur in places where clothing squeezes or rubs the skin.
2. Non-inflammatory form - comedones (blackheads), blockage of the mouth of the follicle with desquamated epithelium and thickened sebum.

Classification by age

Baby acne. Separately, acne of newborns is distinguished. It occurs in infants due to maternal sex hormones entering the blood. Pimples have the appearance of closed comedones. If hygiene rules are observed, these elements disappear on their own after a few weeks. They do not fester and do not leave marks on the child’s skin.

Teenage and young adult acne. It is observed in 90% of adolescents 12-16 years old. The rashes are papules and pustules with purulent contents.

Acne in adults (late acne)
The onset of acne in adulthood is uncommon. The appearance of a large amount of acne after 30 years of age may indicate a serious illness. Therefore, unlike adolescents, adults need a thorough medical examination. You may need to consult a dermatovenerologist, endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, gynecologist (urologist).

Acne in adults can be associated with taking medications, hormonal drugs and vitamin cocktails, or a malfunction of the adrenal glands.

What are the grades of acne?

To determine the severity of acne, you need to divide your face with an imaginary line from the crown to the chin. Then they count the foci of inflammation (both pronounced and those where inflammation is just beginning). The choice of treatment depends on the severity. Therefore, it is better not to ignore this stage.

Acne severity rating:
1st degree (mild) – less than 10
2nd degree (average) – 10-20
3rd degree (severe) – 21-30
4th degree (very severe) – more than 30

Treatment of acne

Acne treatment– a long process that includes many procedures. The best place to start is by consulting a dermatologist. The choice of methods largely depends on the causes of acne. Treatment of concomitant chronic diseases that cause acne may also be required.

The main stages of acne treatment are aimed at:

• prevent the formation of comedones
• clear clogged ducts
• stop bacteria from multiplying
• reduce sebum secretion
• cure skin inflammation

How to treat acne at home?

At proper care and proper selection of products, you can cope with acne on your own. This is especially true for juvenile acne, the appearance of which is not associated with serious diseases.

Before you start treating acne at home, you need to cleanse your face. For oily skin, gels and foam cleansers with antibacterial components are well suited. They increase local immunity and normalize the functioning of the sebaceous glands. Their pH should not exceed 4.5. You need to wash your face with these products at least twice a day. You should not use regular toilet soap for washing. It dries the skin too much. After such cleansing, she tries to compensate for the lack of hydration, and the sebaceous glands produce secretions in an enhanced mode.

Hot water is not the best best option for oily skin. It is best to wash your face with water at room temperature. It invigorates the skin, improves its tone and tightens enlarged pores.

A necessary procedure is peeling. This procedure is aimed at exfoliating the upper keratinized layer of the epithelium. To do this, you can use ready-made scrubs and peeling products. They must be used at least twice a week. For those who prefer cosmetics based on natural ingredients, we can offer several recipes:

1. Mix baking soda, finely ground salt and shaving foam or shower gel in equal proportions.
2. Take equal parts of ground coffee and fine sea salt.
3. Dry rye bread grind in a coffee grinder and add a tablespoon of kefir.
4. Dissolve a few aspirin tablets in a small amount of water.
5. Take 2 tablespoons of green clay and 3 tablespoons of sour milk.

The skin must be prepared before cleansing. After washing with detergents The face is steamed over a pan of hot water. Apply any scrub composition to damp skin. Distribute the mixture evenly over the face and gently massage in circular movements. After this, you need to rinse your face with cool water and apply a healing cream to it. Bepanten or Pantestin are perfect for these purposes.

It is advisable to carry out this procedure at night. The fact is that this method of cleaning injures the upper layers of the skin.

Therefore, after scrub and peeling, redness occurs. The skin needs to be given several hours to recover, and only after that apply cosmetics. The systematic use of such products ensures deep cleansing of pores, removal of comedones and elimination of bacteria. The skin is evened out, pores, small scars and acne spots become less noticeable.

Acne treatment natural means has been practiced for many centuries. Traditional medicine has accumulated a lot of experience and helps to effectively get rid of acne. We offer you recipes for the most effective masks that you can prepare at home. Systematic use of these products perfectly cleanses the skin and soothes inflammation. Besides natural ingredients practically do not cause allergic reactions.

How to prepare a mask	What effect do the components of the mask have?	How to smear and what to smear	What should be the result after application and how many sessions will it take to wait for the effect?
Brewer's yeast (1 tbsp) add 1 tbsp. l. milk, mix until the consistency of thick sour cream	Vitamins B and H, iron, phosphorus, zinc, chromium, potassium, selenium and magnesium nourish the skin useful substances, improve blood circulation	Apply thin layer on cleansed facial skin	Makes the skin smooth, soothes inflammation. If you replace milk with water and lemon juice, your skin will whiten and be cleared of bacteria.
Grate the apple on a fine grater, add 1 tbsp. l. yogurt, and 1 tsp. honey	Cleanses and smoothes the skin, improves cell nutrition	Mix the resulting pulp thoroughly and apply to clean, dry skin. After 20 minutes, rinse with cool water	Acids contained in apple juice, prevent the proliferation of microorganisms that cause acne. The skin becomes smooth and elastic after the first session
Mix alcohol tincture of calendula (1 tbsp) with the same amount of flour. Add some water	Calendula disinfects the skin, kills bacteria that cause inflammation of comedones	Mix all ingredients until the consistency of thick sour cream. Apply the resulting mask to your face. Leave for 10 minutes and rinse with cool water	After removing the mask, the skin will become soft and pink. Existing acne will shrink somewhat and become less noticeable. This procedure must be repeated 3 times a week.
Beat the egg white, add 1 tsp. lemon juice and 1 tbsp. l. strawberries	Reduces skin oiliness, tightens pores, relieves inflammation	Apply the resulting mixture to prepared skin for 20 minutes. After this, rinse with cool water.	Apply regularly 2-3 times a week. After 10 days, the skin condition will noticeably improve. There will be fewer rashes. Freckles and age spots after acne will whiten
Grate half the pear, add 2 tsp. lemon juice	Tightens pores, eliminates greasy shine, helps remove dead epithelium	Apply the resulting paste to your face for 10-15 minutes. Then remove with circular movements and wash with cool water.	Do it in 2 days. The skin becomes fresher and softer. The gland ducts are cleared of sebaceous plugs. Inflammations occur noticeably less frequently. The effect is noticeable after 3-5 times
Mix the pulp of white or pink grapes (2 tsp) with whipped chicken protein	Fruit acids cleanse the skin of dead cells, making it velvety and elastic	Grind until smooth and apply to face. Leave for 15 minutes. and wash off cold water	The skin becomes cleaner, the pores are cleared and less noticeable. For a lasting effect, you need to make masks for a month
Crush ripe viburnum berries and squeeze out the juice	Plant antibiotics and phytoncides kill bacteria. Microelements nourish the skin and normalize the activity of the sebaceous glands	Soak a gauze cloth in viburnum juice and place it on cleansed facial skin. Leave for 30 minutes. Wash warm water. Apply to skin nourishing cream	High efficiency This mask is explained by the rich composition of viburnum juice. It has a comprehensive therapeutic effect, relieves inflammation of acne, reduces redness and whitens post-acne spots
Grate one medium carrot on a fine grater. Add a few drops of lemon juice and vegetable oil	Contains large amounts of vitamin C and provitamin A	Thoroughly clean and dry the skin. Apply the resulting mixture in a thin layer over the entire face. Cover with a napkin on top. Leave for 10-15 minutes. then rinse with warm water without soap	Helps restore skin balance and normalize the functioning of the sebaceous glands. Moisturizes and nourishes the skin. Do it 2 times a week. Improvement is noticeable after 4-5 procedures
Baking soda 4 tbsp. l. and a small amount of water	Soda dissolves sebaceous plugs, normalizes pH, cleanses pores and removes dead cells	Mix baking soda and a small amount of water until you get a paste. You can add 1 tsp. wheat flour. Leave for 10 minutes. and wash off	The result is noticeable the first time. The skin is cleared of comedones, becomes smooth, and the color is evened out. Do it regularly 1-2 times a week until the desired result is achieved. Then 2-3 times a month to prevent recurrent rashes
Aspirin tablets, liquid honey, olive oil or moisturizer	Acetylsalicylic acid dries out inflammatory elements and completely eliminates minor inflammations. Prevents the spread of infection	Crush 2-4 aspirin tablets. Add a few drops of water to make a paste. Mix with other ingredients. Apply to prepared skin and let the mask dry	Skin balance is restored, acne spots and oily shine disappear. Use once a week for 2-3 months
Green clay 1 tbsp. l., honey 1 tsp, water 2 tbsp. l.	It has a rich composition, has an anti-inflammatory and soothing effect on the skin	Mix all ingredients until smooth. Apply the mask to your face and leave until dry. Rinse with warm water	Repeat the procedure no more than 2 times a week. The result is obvious after the first procedure. Peeling is eliminated, inflammation disappears, pores are cleaned and narrowed, the process of cell regeneration is accelerated, and oily shine disappears
Cucumber 3 tbsp. l., alcohol tincture of calendula 1 tbsp. l, honey 1 tsp.	Relieves inflammation, tones, tightens pores, evens out complexion	Peel the cucumber and turn it into a paste using a blender or fine grater. Add the remaining ingredients to the pulp and apply to the prepared face. Leave on for 15-20 minutes, then rinse off	An immediate effect of refreshing and reducing inflammation is guaranteed. The mask must be repeated every other day until the acne disappears completely.
White clay 1 tbsp, sour milk 1 tsp, egg white	Reduces skin oiliness, cleanses pores, removes keratinized epithelium, evens out complexion	Mix all ingredients to obtain a homogeneous mass. Apply the paste to your face and let it harden. Then rinse thoroughly with warm water	After the first procedure, the skin looks noticeably better: inflammation decreases, skin structure improves. The mask must be applied at least twice a week for three months. And then once a week
aloe leaves	The substances contained in this plant have a powerful anti-inflammatory and healing effect, and also intensively rejuvenate the skin.	Chop 2-3 aloe leaves and add a glass of cold water. After an hour, boil the infusion for 2 minutes and strain. After cooling, apply the aloe pulp to your face for 20 minutes.	Make the mask 2 times a week for 2 months. If necessary, you can repeat the course in a month cosmetic procedures
Ripe tomatoes and lemon juice	Lycopene contained in tomatoes helps prevent acne and get rid of acne marks. It activates collagen production and promotes skin rejuvenation	Grate several small ripe tomatoes on a fine grater or chop in a blender. Add a few drops of lemon juice to the resulting mass and apply to the face for 15 minutes. After this, rinse with warm water	Such masks can be made after 1-2 days. The course of treatment is 10-14 days. If necessary, the procedure can be continued

Before you start treating acne with masks, you need to test for allergies. To do this, the finished mask composition is applied to a small area of ​​the skin of the wrist for 20 minutes. If during this time there is no itching, burning or other unpleasant sensations, you can use a facial mask.

Ointments for acne treatment

Acne ointments are a medicine. They have been used for a long time and have a number of undeniable advantages:

• ointments are based on substances that have a powerful effect on pathogens
• ointments penetrate into the deep layers of the skin
• have a long-lasting effect.

Name of ointment	Ointment components		How to smear and what to expect from it
Ointment Zenerit	Antibiotic erythromycin Zinc acetate	Has an inhibitory effect on bacteria that cause inflammation of the sebaceous glands and acne Prevents bacteria from adapting to the antibiotic, reduces inflammation and redness. Dries out acne	Apply to clean skin 2 times a day. The result becomes noticeable after 10 days of use. Full course is 10 weeks. This guarantees complete relief from acne.
Sulfur ointment	Sulfur	Restores damaged cells and enhances the division and growth of new ones. Quickly heals superficial skin damage, softens it, removes individual epithelial particles	The course of application is 7-10 days. During this time, it is possible to cure acne. Apply to cleansed skin before bed once a day. Prevents the formation of scars and scars after acne
Syntomycin ointment	Antibiotic syntomycin Castor oil	Disinfects the skin, stops the growth and reproduction of bacteria Eliminates acne spots	Cleanse skin of makeup and impurities. Apply liniment in a thin layer. The effect is observed for 2-4 days, unlike other means, it lasts for a long time
Zinc ointment	Zinc	Dries, disinfects, treats inflammation	Small acne goes away in a matter of hours. When systematically applied to clean skin, the ointment can significantly reduce the number of rashes and even completely eliminate acne.

Acne treatment creams

Creams for getting rid of acne - relatively new method treatment. They are produced by pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies. Creams and gels are perfectly absorbed and do not leave marks on the skin. They can be used daily and applied over makeup.

Cream name	Cream components	What effect does each component have?	How to apply and what to expect
Baziron cream	Benzoyl peroxide, aqueous	Antimicrobial effect against Propionibacterium Acnes and Staphylococcus Epidermidis. Under the influence of the drug, the saturation of tissues with oxygen increases, the formation of secretions in the sebaceous glands is inhibited	The skin softens, moisturizes, becomes even, smooth, redness disappears
Skinoren cream and gel	Azelaic acid	A substance with a strong antimicrobial effect. Prevents the proliferation of Propionibacterium Acnes bacteria and the formation of fatty acids in the epidermis	To treat the face, squeeze out a strip of cream or gel 2.5 cm long. Apply the cream evenly onto the cleansed face and rub in lightly. Use 2 times a day. Eliminates redness and prevents the appearance of inflammatory and non-inflammatory forms of acne
Clenzit cream	Dapalen	A medicinal substance derived from a retinoid. It has anti-inflammatory and comedolytic activity. Reduces the intensity of the inflammatory process. Prevents clogging of the mouths of sebaceous follicles	Apply spotwise only to areas where there is acne. Used to prevent pimples from becoming suppurated and drying out. Do not rub or apply to the entire surface of the skin.
Differin cream and gel	Retinoid (vitamin A analogue)	Reduces inflammatory processes in the deep layers of the skin. Promotes the free outflow of sebum from the gland. Reduces the number of bacteria in the sebaceous glands	The minimum course of treatment is 3 weeks. The cream is applied in a thin layer (without rubbing) to problem areas once a day before bed. You must first clean and dry the skin.
Kvotlan cream	Triethylene glycol Ethylcarbitol Cetylpyridinium chloride monohydrate	Disinfects the skin and creates a barrier to bacteria Destroys bacteria, viruses and fungi Accelerates healing and regeneration processes	Apply with your fingertips to areas of inflammation. The result of the treatment is visible within a week. The skin becomes clean, inflammation, scars, and post-acne disappear
Klerasil ultra - fast acting cream	2% salicylic acid	Penetrates deep into pores and exfoliates dead cells, and also helps relieve redness and inflammation of acne.	Cleanse the skin. Apply a small amount to acne areas. Use morning and evening. Reduces acne within 4 hours. It is advisable to combine with cleansing gel or lotion
Klindovit	Antibiotic clindamycin	Accumulates in comedones and prevents the proliferation of microorganisms	Within 10 days it completely eliminates purulent acne. Also effective against other rashes
Acne cream "Clean Skin" Garnier	Salicylic acid Regenerating complex	Reduces acne and prevents new breakouts Improves overall skin condition, accelerates healing	The effect appears after 24 hours. Complete relief from acne occurs after 2 weeks of use. Provides a healthy appearance of the skin, has a mattifying effect, eliminates oily shine in the T-zone and marks after acne
Anti-acne cream-gel for problem skin “Before and after”	Complex of extracts of green tea, string, calendula, chamomile, arnica	The antimicrobial effect is due to the interaction and mutual reinforcement of the components. Has a strong healing effect. Inhibits the secretion of sebaceous glands	Apply 2 times a day. Apply to clean, dry skin. The duration of the course is individual, 2-6 weeks

Caution must be exercised when using creams, ointments and gels. It is not recommended to apply large amounts of product to the skin. Also, you cannot combine drugs of different brands - this can lead to allergies. Don't expect quick results– the acne treatment process takes long time and requires patience.

How to treat acne on different parts of the body? (Video)

Acne sometimes appears on other parts of the body. There can be many reasons for this unpleasant phenomenon. It is advisable to consult a dermatologist about this. You can treat yourself only if you are sure that acne is not a consequence of infectious disease and sexually transmitted diseases. In such a situation, a special approach and the use of special treatments will be required.

How to treat acne on the genitals?

What to use		How to use?
Citeal	Disinfects skin and mucous membranes	This is an antiseptic foaming solution. It must be diluted with water 1:5 or 1:3 and used for washing. After the procedure, rinse the genitals thoroughly with water.	Microorganisms that cause infection of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles are destroyed
Diana-35	Eliminates hormonal imbalance in women. Is a contraceptive drug	Take one tablet once a day. Drink according to the instructions	Normalizes hormonal levels. Regulates the production of sex hormones
Chamomile or calendula decoctions	Soothe the skin, disinfect, relieve inflammation	Used to wash the genitals twice a day	Relief occurs within 2-3 days. With regular use, acne goes away within 10-14 days

How to treat acne on the forehead?

What to use	What effect does the product have?	How to use?	What effect should occur and when?
Lemon juice	Has astringent properties, disinfects, tightens pores	Squeeze lemon juice, soak a cotton swab in it and wipe your skin morning and evening.	The skin looks smooth, acne scars disappear. Pimples do not go into a purulent stage, but resolve
Face wash	Reduces skin oiliness, disinfects, tightens pores	Chatterbox is prepared in a pharmacy according to a doctor's prescription. It is applied with a cotton swab to cleansed skin.	The skin in the forehead area is cleared of rashes, the pores are opened and cleansed. For the greatest therapeutic effect wipe the entire oval of the face with the mash. Noticeable improvement occurs within 3-5 days
Klenzit with	Reduces the secretion of sebaceous glands, prevents the appearance of new acne	Apply a small amount of gel to problem areas	Excellent fight against inflammatory and non-inflammatory forms of acne. The rash decreases within a day and disappears after 7-10 days

How to treat acne on the chin?

What to use	What effect does the product have?	How to use?	What effect should occur and when?
Dalatsin gel	Dries acne and prevents the growth of bacteria in the deep layers of the skin	Apply to facial skin 2 times a day (morning and evening)	The course of treatment is from 6 weeks to 6 months (with severe forms Oh)
Curiosin	Destroys acne without a trace. Makes skin less oily	Use morning and evening. Apply to clean skin	Does not cause complications and promotes rapid resolution of acne. Healing takes place in 2-3 days. There are no traces left at the site of acne

How to treat acne on the face?

What to use?	What effect does the product have?	How to use?	What effect should occur and when?
Streptocide ointment	Suppresses pathogenic microflora	Apply the ointment to the acne and a small area around it. Repeat 2 times a day for two weeks	Complete disappearance of acne within a few days
Tsindol	A product with a disinfectant and antiseptic effect. Prevents the emergence of new foci of inflammation	Shake the mixture and apply with a cotton swab to the affected areas 2-3 times a day. The course is 10-20 days	After a few days, redness and inflamed areas completely disappear

How to treat acne on the back?

What to use	What effect does the product have?	How to use?	What effect should occur and when?
Alcohol solution of salicylic acid	Dries out acne, eliminates blemishes, and prevents the appearance of scars. Has a strong anti-inflammatory effect	Apply directly to acne twice a day	Relief occurs within the first hours after application. Elements of the rash disappear without a trace within 2-4 days
Tar soap	Dries the skin, exfoliates dead cells, heals minor injuries	Lather and lather the skin, rinse well with water. If necessary, you can use a moisturizer	Acne on the back gradually disappears. With regular use, the skin becomes clearer within 5-7 days

How to treat acne on legs?

What to use	What effect does the product have?	How to use?	What effect should occur and when?
Cauterization with iodine	Antiseptic, perfectly disinfects the skin. Promotes resorption of acne and deep subcutaneous acne	Lubricate the affected areas with a cotton swab 2 times a day	Within 24 hours, acne will noticeably decrease in size and will soon disappear completely.
Badyaga Forte gel	Biologically active components stimulate the immune system in the skin, improve blood circulation	Apply a thin layer 2 times a day	Skin color is evened out, minor defects are resolved, and damage is healed quickly. Course of treatment 5-7 days

How to treat acne on hands?

What to use	What effect does the product have?	How to use?	What effect should occur and when?
aloe leaves	Clears acne of pus and heals	Cut a fresh aloe leaf lengthwise and apply the pulp to the pimple overnight. Secure with adhesive tape	After 2 nights, the acne will completely clear and heal.
White clay and tea tree oil	Disinfects and prevents the proliferation of microorganisms. Eliminates allergy symptoms	Mix 3-4 tablespoons of clay with 0.5 cups of water. Add 5 drops essential oil tea tree. Apply to clean skin, leave for 20 minutes, rinse with warm water	Leaves hands clean and smooth. Effectively eliminates acne

How to treat acne on the butt?

What to use	What effect does the product have?	How to use?	What effect should occur and when?
Blue clay and badyagi powder	Saturates with minerals, treats inflammation, disinfects and cleanses. Eliminates cellulite	Mix the components in equal proportions and dilute with water until a thin paste forms. Apply to clean skin and leave until dry. Rinse with warm water	It is recommended to repeat the procedure several times a week. After just a few days, the rashes become significantly less
Scrub from liquid soap and sea salt	Tones the skin, eliminates bacteria, gets rid of keratinized epithelium	Mix a tablespoon of fine salt with a small amount of liquid soap. Massage the skin and rinse with water. Do not injure acne where there are pockets of pus	Clear, healthy skin in just a week. After procedures, lubricate the skin with antiseptic cream

How to treat acne on the body?

What to use	What effect does the product have?	How to use?	What effect should occur and when?
Baker's yeast and lemon juice	Saturates the skin with vitamin B, normalizes its balance, improves blood circulation	Dilute the yeast with warm water until the consistency of sour cream. Add a few milliliters of lemon juice	The skin takes on a healthy appearance and gradually gets rid of acne
Levomekol ointment	The antibiotic in its composition fights microorganisms. Methyluracil heals wounds and stimulates local immunity	Apply the ointment to a gauze pad and apply to the boil for 24 hours	Treats purulent inflammatory process, promotes speedy healing

For those who want to get rid of acne as quickly as possible, we recommend combining self-treatment with salon procedures. In order to completely solve skin problems, it is also necessary to adjust your diet and take a vitamin and mineral complex. It is advisable to exclude fatty, sweet, spicy and smoked foods from the diet. An active lifestyle also has a beneficial effect on skin condition. Regular exercise and walks in the fresh air will gradually restore the healthy appearance of your skin.

Acne treatment requires strict adherence to all recommendations. But those who are determined to fight for beautiful skin will be rewarded with excellent results.

Acne (acne) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands, resulting from their blockage and increased production of sebum.

Causes of acne

The following factors play a role in the formation of acne vulgaris:

• hormonal changes, increased levels of male sex hormones (androgens), which cause an increase in the sebaceous glands and increase their secretion in both men and women;
• bacteria Propionibacterium acnes;
• diseases of the stomach and intestines;
• liver diseases;
• hereditary predisposition.

Provoke exacerbation:

• fluid retention. Exacerbation of acne in the premenstrual period occurs due to swelling of the ducts of the sebaceous glands as a result of fluid retention;
• nutrition. Some foods, eg. chocolate, carbonated drinks, nuts, coffee;
• external factors, for example: skin contamination with oils, tar, DDT. As well as improper skin care;
• abuse of hormonal drugs;

Diagnosis of acne

To make a diagnosis, a visual examination is sufficient, and the following tests will help to identify the cause of acne:

• blood test for hormones (free testosterone, FSH, LH, estradiol, 5-testosterone (dihydrotestosterone, DHT) and 5-androstenediol). Tests must be taken on an empty stomach for women on days 5-7 from the start of the menstrual cycle; for men this is not important, preferably before 10 am;
• biochemical blood test (especially liver parameters), fasting ultrasound for women, also on days 5-7 of the menstrual cycle (to exclude polycystic ovary syndrome);
• analysis for intestinal dysbiosis; in case of any changes in the tests, consult a doctor to correct the condition (gynecologist, gynecologist-endocrinologist, therapist, andrologist, gastroenterologist);
• clinical blood test (is there inflammation, since it will aggravate the course of acne) in the presence of ulcers - analysis for pathogenic flora and sensitivity to antibiotics

Acne treatment

1. First, undergo all the necessary examinations; if there are any changes, consult a doctor to correct the condition.
2. Do not press or pick at acne under any circumstances, as this will aggravate the course of the disease.
3. Externally use products that reduce inflammation, cleanse pores, have a sebum-regulating effect (i.e., affect the quality and quantity of sebum), suppress the proliferation of microflora, eliminate flaking, moisturize the skin (for example: Sebium AKN cream, Differin, Baziron AC gel, regetsin, skinoren, zinerit, retinoic ointment, dalacin T, fucidin, chlorhyxedine, metrogil.curiosin and many others). For moderate and severe forms - antibiotic tablets. For severe forms, isotretinoin is used.
4. They also additionally take macro and microelements, zinc (for example: zincteral, etc.), selenium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, chromium, vitamins C, E, group B.

How to get rid of acne easily?

Medicine can certainly offer a way. And quite effective. But simple solutions to complex problems are much less common in life than in books and films.

Treatment of acne with modern methods allows you to achieve bright and lasting results, but such treatment must be carried out comprehensively and individually.

Metabolic processes in human skin are closely interconnected with everything that happens in his body. Therefore, acne cannot be considered separately as a purely skin disease.

Many people perceive getting rid of pimples and blackheads as a simple treatment of the skin with an ointment or lotion designed to get rid of the scourge quickly and inexpensively. And when such a simple acne treatment does not help, they decide that there are no effective treatments.

The basic principle on which the treatment of acne-prone skin is based is the regulation of processes fat metabolism in the skin against the background of antimicrobial therapy. Depending on the intensity with which acne manifests itself, the treatment process can take place according to different schemes.

In mild forms, treatment of acne can be reduced to the use of local treatment, but not less than two drugs with different effects. If a person has severe acne, resistant to local treatment, atypical or leading to scarring, the solution to such a problem must necessarily include both the systemic use of specific drugs and nonspecific measures of general correction of metabolism in the body.

Treatment of acne rashes with minor or moderate manifestations usually begins with cosmetic procedures (deep skin cleansing, peeling) and topical use of antibacterial drugs.

In this case, Zinerit is perfect for antibacterial therapy - it is a mixture of zinc acetate and the antibiotic erythromycin. Firstly, because resistance to its antimicrobial component in bacteria, the presence of which causes acne, develops slowly. Secondly, this antibiotic does not provoke irritation, which is important for skin with pimples and blackheads, the treatment of which becomes more effective in this way. Thirdly, the drug contains zinc, which helps remove excess fat both from the surface of the skin and from the ducts of the sebaceous glands.

Treatment of acne and acne with mild and moderate forms of manifestation with drugs that restore fat metabolism usually begins on the 7th – 12th day of the course. Proven clinical effectiveness observed in drugs containing the latest generation of retinoids (isoretionine, adapaline) and azelaic acid. In this case, acne can be treated with, say, retinoids, and azelaic acid can be used for further maintenance therapy.

Treatment of problem skin using glycolic peeling is also an effective method of maintenance therapy. It is recommended to use this method once a month.

If a person has severe forms, in which diseases such as acne and pimples sometimes occur, treatment is carried out according to a strictly individual scheme, different from that previously described. The specific plan according to which treatment should be carried out in this case should be determined by a specialist. The main thing that the patient should know is that, regardless of the form and nature of acne, treatment should be carried out systemically - with antibiotics, stomach cleansing drugs, etc.

Well, and, of course, no matter how mild or severe the acne disease is, the process of its treatment should include the use of multivitamin preparations and correction of the diet. During the treatment period, it is worth taking care that the skin is exposed to as little harmful as possible, aggressive influence. It is worth trying to protect it as much as possible from such damaging factors as ultraviolet irradiation, friction and excessive drying.

In conclusion, I would like to note that a serious and competent approach to the treatment of acne will definitely give positive results and return the skin to health and a fresh look.