1 help for lung damage. Biology at the Lyceum

Respiratory hygiene. First aid for respiratory arrest. Summary of a biology lesson in 8th grade Lesson objectives: Educational: to update and develop students’ knowledge about the respiratory system, introduce them to respiratory diseases, consider the effect of smoking on the respiratory system, form a negative attitude towards smoking; introduce first aid for respiratory arrest Developmental: develop the ability to choose the correct statement, analyze, generalize, draw conclusions; continue to formulate the basics of hygiene (breathing hygiene rules); developing first aid skills for respiratory injuries. Educational: to instill respect for the respiratory system and health in general. Equipment: computer, slide support (presentation), table “Respiratory Organs”, biology textbook “Biology. 8th grade.” Rokhlov V.S., Trofimov S.B. Lesson progress 1. Organizational moment.    2. greeting; preparing the audience for work; presence of students in the class. Testing students' knowledge. Breathing is synonymous with life. What is breathing? What organs are included? respiratory system ? Please show it on the slide (slide 1) And now the task “Finish the sentences” (slide 2) 3. Studying new material You can’t lock a person in a box, ventilate your home cleaner and more often. V.V. Mayakovsky: (slide 3) Student answers. = Today we will find out the causes of breathing problems (we have already talked about them in part, studying the organs of the respiratory system and measures to prevent them.) Write down the date and topic of the lesson in notebooks. The respiratory organs have a direct connection with the outside world; they are the first to receive the blows of various external environment. Teacher: please name these factors Students: dust, bacteria, environmental conditions, smoking, etc. Teacher: A person inhales and exhales in one minute - 5 liters of air, in one hour - 300 liters of air, in one day 7200 liters of air. Let's say that there are five dust particles in one liter of air. How many particles will a student inhale during a lesson? And per day? Count and write down the resulting number - 1125 particles 36000 particles. (slide 6) We are always surrounded by an invisible cloud of dust. It spoils your home, clothes, food. But, most importantly, dust in the air is harmful to human health. (student’s message about the dangers of dust) Student: M.V. Lomonosov also wrote about the dangers of “stone and earthen dust.” And only 100 years later the effect of dust on the body was studied. The backbreaking working conditions of miners were described by Emile Zola in his novel “Germinal,” where he talked about workers who, when coughing, spit out coal black phlegm. Along with dust, there are always bacteria in the air. They settle on dust particles and, like on parachutes, remain suspended for a long time. Where there is a lot of dust in the air, there are a lot of microbes. In a clean living room there are 1520 of them in 1 m of air, on the street - up to 5 thousand. Teacher: An Italian proverb says: “Wherever one looks Sunbeam, the doctor often comes there.” (slide 7,8,9) But, unfortunately, the person himself aggravates the condition of the respiratory system - he does not breathe correctly, and in particular by smoking. We already know about the dangers of smoking on the organs of the cardiovascular system, but what happens to the lungs from this bad habit. Student message. (about the dangers of smoking on the respiratory system) (slides 1011) A smoker exposes his body to severe poisoning through the respiratory system. When analyzing tobacco smoke chemists identified 91 organic substances, 9000 and 1200 solid and gaseous compounds. Nicotine causes poisoning in the body. People who smoke are much more likely to get sick chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, tuberculosis and asthma. A non-smoker protects not only his own health, but also the health of those around him. It was found that carbon monoxide disappears from the blood 8 hours after the last one, lung function is restored after 9 months, after 5 years the probability of a stroke is equal to that of non-smokers, after 10 years the probability of getting cancer decreases and after 15 years the probability of a heart attack decreases. Passive smoking. (slide 12) People who are active smokers harm not only their health, but also the health of the people around them, especially their loved ones. There is such a thing as a “passive smoker”. This is a person who does not smoke himself, but is surrounded by people who smoke and receives approximately the same amount of nicotine and other harmful substances contained in tobacco smoke. Tobacco smoke does not pass through the cigarette filter and therefore contains more toxins. 75% of nicotine and 70% of carbon enter the atmosphere when smoking tobacco. I urge you to love yourself, your brain, your liver and heart, friends. Draw your own conclusion immediately - Smoking is dangerous and harmful for a person! What should you do to improve the condition of your respiratory tract? Student answers: fight air pollution; visit the country more often; quitting smoking; lead a healthy lifestyle. Everything you have named now will be your task for life. Diseases are easier to prevent than to cure; to do this, it is necessary to strengthen the respiratory system, thereby protecting yourself from harmful environmental factors. Let's do some breathing exercises. Show hygiene exercises influenza and acute respiratory diseases, tonsillitis, tuberculosis. There are droplet and droplet dust infections. Droplets are transmitted by coughing, sneezing, or talking: particles containing pathogenic microorganisms are released with exhaled air. Dust droplets are transmitted through contact with objects used by the patient. Student messages: 1. Flu. (slide 14) Flu - viral disease related to airborne infection. It spreads quickly because the virus is resistant to environment, and infection is caused by droplets of mucus from patients that get into the air when coughing and sneezing. Flu is dangerous possible complications. Sick and healthy people When communicating, they should cover their nose and mouth with gauze bandages; maintaining cleanliness of the premises and air is of great importance in the prevention of influenza. The influenza virus affects people of all ages. This is the most common disease of all existing ones. The influenza virus changes its shape under the influence of drugs. Epidemiologists constantly update the serum in accordance with changes in the virus, so that a massive flu epidemic does not occur; doctors recommend that you get a flu shot in advance. 2. Tuberculosis – chronic illness lungs, the causative agent of which is Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Koch's bacillus. (slide 8 demonstration). The disease begins gradually and progresses slowly. At first, the patient may not know that he is sick. However, over time, weakness increases, coughing appears, streaks of blood appear in the sputum, and body temperature rises to 37.2 - 37.9 ° C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can also affect other organs, causing tuberculosis of the kidneys, skin, eyes, etc. The main source of spread of tuberculosis is a sick person who, when coughing, sneezing, laughing, secretes small drops of sputum and saliva, which contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with these droplets they disperse around at a distance of 0.51.5 m and are kept in the air for about 3060 minutes. With the air they penetrate into the lungs of nearby people. The disease, despite long-term treatment and a large amount of honey. drugs, curable. The patient must strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene: have his own towel, separate dishes, etc. (slide 1516) Manifestation of the disease: lung tissue disintegrates and turns into a loose mass. The poison secreted by microbes poisons the entire body. Detection of the disease early stage: take a fluorography x-ray of the chest. The first fluorography room appeared in 1924 in Rio de Janeiro. Teacher: poisoning with vapors of ammonia, chlorine and other chemicals reflexively stops breathing. Breathing stops in drowned people after defeat electric shock, in case of serious injuries. Soon the heart stops. However, death does not occur immediately: while the brain is alive, it is possible to restore the fading functions of the body. The reversible phase of oncoming death is called clinical death. It lasts only 57 minutes, during which you can still bring a person back to life. Techniques for returning to life are called resuscitation. Biological death occurs due to irreversible loss of brain function and cardiac arrest. In case of loss of consciousness and spontaneous breathing is switched off, artificial respiration is used and indirect massage hearts. “Providing first aid in case of respiratory arrest. Prevention of respiratory diseases” (slide 17) work according to the textbook page 209210 “Artificial respiration “mouth to mouth”” When the victim is lying on his back, first of all, remove from the mouth everything that has got there and may interfere with breathing. Open Airways , throwing your head back and raising your chin, squeeze your nose with your index and thumb , take a deep breath and press your lips firmly against the victim’s lips. Inhale forcefully into the victim's mouth until you see the cage rise. Remove your lips and let your chest drop, “Mouth-to-nose artificial respiration.” If you rescue a person in the water and it is impossible to open the victim’s mouth, you can perform mouth-to-nose artificial respiration. It's easy to blow air into your nose, but it's difficult to get the air where you want it to go. Soft fabrics nose can block the passage of air.. Question No. 1. You have witnessed a tragedy - a man is drowning on the river! Fortunately, he was pulled ashore. But what to do next? Remember, delay is like death! Question No. 2. People tried to bury a person struck by an electric current in the ground (as first aid). “Arrived” ambulance” and saved him from imminent death. Explain why without medical care the person could have died and what first aid from the doctor saved him? Question No. 3. Cardiac arrest occurred with breath holding. You have 5 minutes at your disposal. Take action! “General conclusions of the lesson” Breathing must be correct. ­ A necessary condition clean air is required for normal gas exchange. Smoking is harmful to the respiratory system. K infectious diseases include influenza, ARVI, diphtheria, tuberculosis. K preventive measures combating diseases of the respiratory system include:  Dust control,  Wet cleaning,  Ventilation of premises. Reflection. Reflection algorithm. Me - how I felt during the learning process, whether I was comfortable, whether I was satisfied with myself. We - how comfortable was it for me to work in small group; I helped my comrades, they helped me - that was more; I had difficulties with the group. The point is that I have achieved the goal of the teaching; I need this material for further study (practice, just interesting); what did you find difficult, why; How can I overcome my problems?

Sections: Biology

The purpose of the lesson: introduce students to air hygiene; possible violations breathing; explain the need to ventilate residential and educational premises; Find out first aid techniques for respiratory failure, indications for artificial respiration.

Equipment: table “First aid for respiratory arrest”, “Harms of smoking”, Film “First aid for respiratory arrest. Respiratory hygiene".

Lesson type: combined.

During the classes

1. Update background knowledge:

Screening test.

1. When you inhale, air from the larynx enters:
   A-b bronchi,
   B-in the nasopharynx,
   Into the trachea,
   G-oral cavity.
2. The vocal cords are located in:
   A-larynx
   B-nasopharynx,
   In-trachea,
   G-bronchus.
3. In which organ is the air warmed and cleared of dust and germs?
   A-in the lungs,
   B-v nasal cavity,
   In-tracheas,
   G-bronchus.
4. What is the function of the epiglottis in the body?
   A-participates in the formation of the voice,
   B-does not let food into the larynx,
   B-protects the respiratory system from microbes,
   G-protects the digestive organs from microbes and viruses.
5. How are they regulated? breathing movements?
   A-only by nervous means,
   B-only by humoral route,
   B-not regulated in any way,
   G-nervous and humoral way.
6. In the lungs the blood is saturated:
   A-oxygen,
   B-carbon dioxide,
   B-nitrogen and inert gases.
7. Where does the air from the nasal cavity go when you inhale?
   A-to the trachea
   B-c lungs
   In bronchi,
   G-larynx.
8. The breathing rate is regulated by the respiratory center, excitation in it intensifies,
   A-with an increase in oxygen concentration in the blood,
   B-when the oxygen concentration in the blood decreases,
   B-with an increase in blood concentration carbon dioxide,
   G-with a decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood
9. Gas exchange occurs in:
   A-pulmonary alveoli,
   B-nasal and oral cavities,
   In the larynx and trachea,
   G-bronchus.
10. Tissue respiration is the exchange of gases between:
    A-External air and alveolar air,
    B-blood and body cells,
    B-capillary blood vessels and air of the alveoli,
    G-erythrocytes and blood plasma in the pulmonary capillaries,
11. The trachea has cartilaginous half-rings rather than rings in order to:
    A - do not collapse when inhaling and do not interfere with the passage of food through the esophagus,
    B-do not collapse when inhaling,
    B-protect the trachea from the front,
    G-connect with the larynx and bronchi,
12. The lungs are covered on the outside:
    A-pulmonary pleura,
    B-heart bag,
    B-skin
    G-parietal pleura,
13. The vital capacity of the lungs is the volume of air that:
    A-located in the lungs,
    B-we inhale after a calm inhalation,
    B-remains in the lungs after a deep breath,
    Y-you can exhale after taking a deep breath.
14. Who has longer and thicker vocal cords?
    A - in children
    Used children and women
    U-men,
    G-women.
15. Sneezing occurs when the walls are irritated:
    A-trachea,
    B-bronchus,
    V-larynx,
    G-nasal cavity,
16. Respiratory center, regulating the change of inhalation and exhalation, is located in:
    A-in intermediate brain,
    B-in the dorsal brain,
    In the medulla oblongata,
    G-on average brain,

Learning a new topic“We need this like air”

Great doctor Ancient Greece Hippocrates called air the pasture of life. Without air, a person dies in a few minutes, only some can hold their breath for up to 6 minutes. Longer oxygen starvation quickly leads to death. It was experimentally established that for one person to breathe for one hour in a hermetically sealed room, at least 2 m of air is required. Even in ancient times, people talked about the three gates of death. They meant the cessation of blood circulation, breathing and extinction of consciousness. But the body will not die immediately. Science has established that death is a process that does not occur instantly. Even with sudden death, the cells and tissues of the body do not die at the same time. Some die quickly, others die more slowly. The cortex stops working first cerebral hemispheres brain. Deadline 5-6 minutes. Then irreversible changes occur, and even if it is possible to revive a person, he cannot be functional and full-fledged. This process, when breathing and circulation stops, is called clinical death. At this time, the heart does not work, there is no breathing, but the organs have not yet died. After 5-6 minutes clinical death comes biological death– complete breakdown of cells and tissues.

It is very important to provide first aid to the victim if breathing stops.

Screening of the film “First aid for respiratory arrest. Prevention of respiratory diseases” /as reported by students/.

You need to be attentive to your health every day, since health is influenced by: lifestyle, working and living conditions, habits and behavior / 45-53% /.

Slide No. 6(application) “Ventilation is the replacement of polluted air with cleaner air”

Carbon dioxide is a powerful factor in regulating respiratory and circulatory functions. Increases arterial pressure, causes headache, discomfort, fatigue.

With an increased Co content, it leads to oxygen deficiency - Hypoxia.

Methane, ammonia, aldehyde, ketones come from the lungs into the air, as well as from the surface of the skin with the evaporation of sweat.

Ammonia causes poisoning.

The room in which we live, work, and rest must be thoroughly and systematically ventilated.

Slide No. 7(application) "Smoking and respiratory organs"

A smoker exposes his body to severe poisoning through the respiratory system. When analyzing tobacco smoke, chemists identified 91 organic substances, 9000 and 1200 solid and gaseous compounds.

Slide No. 8(application) "Scheme of the composition of tobacco smoke"

Nicotine causes poisoning in the body.

Tobacco cough, tar content in the lungs.

People who smoke are much more likely to develop chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, tuberculosis and asthma. A non-smoker protects not only his own health, but also the health of those around him.

It was found that carbon monoxide disappears from the blood 8 hours after the last one, lung function is restored after 9 months, after 5 years the probability of a stroke is equal to that of non-smokers, after 10 years the probability of getting cancer decreases and after 15 years the probability of a heart attack decreases.

Conclusion.

Slide No. 9(application) “General conclusions of the lesson”

Breathing must be correct.

A necessary condition for normal gas exchange is clean air.

Smoking is harmful to the respiratory system.

Infectious diseases include influenza, ARVI, diphtheria, tuberculosis.

Preventive measures to combat respiratory system diseases include:

• Fighting dust
• Wet cleaning,
• Ventilation of premises.

When providing first aid you need:

• Provide oxygen supply to the lungs,
• Know artificial respiration techniques
• Report 03.

Homework: paragraph No. 28 / textbook Biology A.S. Batuev/

Literature:

1. Batuev A.S. Biology: dictionary-reference book for the textbook, 2002.
2. Medical reference“Rescue 03 or first aid in case of accidents” 1995 ed. "Gerion, St. Petersburg"

Sections: Biology

The purpose of the lesson: introduce students to air hygiene; possible breathing disorders; explain the need to ventilate residential and educational premises; Find out first aid techniques for respiratory failure, indications for artificial respiration.

Equipment: table “First aid for respiratory arrest”, “Harms of smoking”, Film “First aid for respiratory arrest. Respiratory hygiene".

Lesson type: combined.

During the classes

1. Updating basic knowledge:

Screening test.

1. When you inhale, air from the larynx enters:
   A-bronchi,
   B-in the nasopharynx,
   In-in the trachea,
   Mr. oral cavity.
2. The vocal cords are located in:
   A-larynx
   B-nasopharynx,
   In-trachea,
   G-bronchus.
3. In which organ is the air warmed and cleared of dust and germs?
   A-in the lungs,
   B-v nasal cavities,
   In-tracheas,
   G-bronchus.
4. What is the function of the epiglottis in the body?
   A-participates in the formation of the voice,
   B-does not let food into the larynx,
   B-protects the respiratory system from microbes,
   G-protects the digestive organs from microbes and viruses.
5. How are breathing movements regulated?
   A-only by nervous means,
   B-only by humoral route,
   B-not regulated in any way,
   G-nervous and humoral way.
6. In the lungs the blood is saturated:
   A-oxygen,
   B-carbon dioxide,
   B-nitrogen and inert gases.
7. Where does the air from the nasal cavity go when you inhale?
   A-to the trachea
   B-c lungs
   In-to the bronchi,
   G-larynx.
8. The breathing rate is regulated by the respiratory center, excitation in it intensifies,
   A-with an increase in oxygen concentration in the blood,
   B-when the oxygen concentration in the blood decreases,
   B-with an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood,
   G-with a decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood
9. Gas exchange occurs in:
   A-pulmonary alveoli,
   B-nasal and oral cavities,
   In the larynx and trachea,
   G-bronchus.
10. Tissue respiration is the exchange of gases between:
    A-External air and alveolar air,
    B-blood and body cells,
    B-capillary blood vessels and air of the alveoli,
    G-erythrocytes and blood plasma in the pulmonary capillaries,
11. The trachea has cartilaginous half-rings rather than rings in order to:
    A - do not collapse when inhaling and do not interfere with the passage of food through the esophagus,
    B-do not collapse when inhaling,
    B-protect the trachea from the front,
    G-connect with the larynx and bronchi,
12. The lungs are covered on the outside:
    A-pulmonary pleura,
    B-heart bag,
    B-skin
    G-parietal pleura,
13. The vital capacity of the lungs is the volume of air that:
    A-located in the lungs,
    B-we inhale after a calm inhalation,
    B-remains in the lungs after a deep breath,
    Y-you can exhale after taking a deep breath.
14. Who has longer and thicker vocal cords?
    A - in children
    Used for children and women,
    W-in men,
    G-women.
15. Sneezing occurs when the walls are irritated:
    A-trachea,
    B-bronchus,
    V-larynx,
    G-nasal cavity,
16. The respiratory center, which regulates the change between inhalation and exhalation, is located in:
    A-in the diencephalon,
    B-in the spinal cord,
    In the medulla oblongata,
    G-in the midbrain,

Learning a new topic“We need this like air”

The great physician of Ancient Greece, Hippocrates, called air the pasture of life. Without air, a person dies in a few minutes, only some can hold their breath for up to 6 minutes. Longer oxygen starvation quickly leads to death. It was experimentally established that for one person to breathe for one hour in a hermetically sealed room, at least 2 m of air is required. Even in ancient times, people talked about the three gates of death. They meant the cessation of blood circulation, breathing and extinction of consciousness. But the body will not die immediately. Science has established that death is a process that does not occur instantly. Even with sudden death, the cells and tissues of the body do not die at the same time. Some die quickly, others die more slowly. The cerebral cortex is the first to stop working. The maximum period is 5-6 minutes. Then irreversible changes occur, and even if it is possible to revive a person, he cannot be functional and full-fledged. This process, when breathing and circulation stops, is called clinical death. At this time, the heart does not work, there is no breathing, but the organs have not yet died. After 5-6 minutes of clinical death, biological death occurs - the complete disintegration of cells and tissues.

It is very important to provide first aid to the victim if breathing stops.

Screening of the film “First aid for respiratory arrest. Prevention of respiratory diseases” /as reported by students/.

You need to be attentive to your health every day, since health is influenced by: lifestyle, working and living conditions, habits and behavior / 45-53% /.

Slide No. 6(application) “Ventilation is the replacement of polluted air with cleaner air”

Carbon dioxide is a powerful factor in regulating respiratory and circulatory functions. Increases blood pressure, causes headaches, discomfort, and fatigue.

With an increased Co content, it leads to oxygen deficiency - Hypoxia.

Methane, ammonia, aldehyde, ketones come from the lungs into the air, as well as from the surface of the skin with the evaporation of sweat.

Ammonia causes poisoning.

The room in which we live, work, and rest must be thoroughly and systematically ventilated.

Slide No. 7(application) "Smoking and respiratory organs"

A smoker exposes his body to severe poisoning through the respiratory system. When analyzing tobacco smoke, chemists identified 91 organic substances, 9000 and 1200 solid and gaseous compounds.

Slide No. 8(application) "Scheme of the composition of tobacco smoke"

Nicotine causes poisoning in the body.

Tobacco cough, tar content in the lungs.

People who smoke are much more likely to develop chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, tuberculosis and asthma. A non-smoker protects not only his own health, but also the health of those around him.

It was found that carbon monoxide disappears from the blood 8 hours after the last one, lung function is restored after 9 months, after 5 years the probability of a stroke is equal to that of non-smokers, after 10 years the probability of getting cancer decreases and after 15 years the probability of a heart attack decreases.

Conclusion.

Slide No. 9(application) “General conclusions of the lesson”

Breathing must be correct.

A necessary condition for normal gas exchange is clean air.

Smoking is harmful to the respiratory system.

Infectious diseases include influenza, ARVI, diphtheria, tuberculosis.

Preventive measures to combat respiratory system diseases include:

• Fighting dust
• Wet cleaning,
• Ventilation of premises.

When providing first aid you need:

• Provide oxygen supply to the lungs,
• Know artificial respiration techniques
• Report 03.

Homework: paragraph No. 28 / textbook Biology A.S. Batuev/

Literature:

1. Batuev A.S. Biology: dictionary-reference book for the textbook, 2002.
2. Medical reference book “Rescue 03 or first aid in case of accidents” 1995 ed. "Gerion, St. Petersburg"

Lesson topic: First aid for respiratory damage

Purpose of the lesson: to introduce students to possible breathing disorders; explain first aid techniques for respiratory failure, indications for artificial respiration, the sequence of actions in resuscitation methods and the conditions for its use.

Equipment: multimedia projector, first aid dolls, control sheets.

Lesson type: lesson practical application knowledge.

During the classes:

I. Organizational moment (1 min)

II. Updating basic knowledge (10 min)

Survey.

1. Flu 2. Bronchitis 3. Bronchial asthma 4. Acute respiratory infections 5. Tuberculosis 6. Lung cancer

III. Learning new material (15 min)

1. Lesson topic slide 1

2. Lesson objectives slide 2

What do you think can cause breathing problems? Student answers

3. Causes of breathing problems slide 3

4. PMP

Removal of a foreign body from the respiratory tract using the Heimlich maneuver slide 4.5

slide 6,7,8,9

Sequence of artificial ventilation slide 10

We must remember! Slide 11

• Artificial ventilation lungs is carried out with difficulty breathing.

• Indirect cardiac massage is performed if the pulse cannot be felt.

III. Practical work (10 min)

Work in groups. slide 12

Determine the type of respiratory impairment using the card. Provide first aid to the victim.

Card No. 1.

Petya's lamp stopped working, so he decided to fix it himself. At the same time, I forgot to unplug the lamp from the socket. He unscrewed the light bulb and began to inspect the wires, touching the wire. Petya lost consciousness. The pulse was barely palpable.

What happened?

What are your actions?

Card No. 2.

Little Olya played with a construction set. Suddenly, the girl began to choke.

What happened?

What are your actions?

What conclusions and advice can be drawn from the analysis of this situation?

Card number 3.

Friend Oleg was eating cherries while he was telling a joke and laughing. Suddenly he began to choke.

What happened?

What are your actions?

What conclusions and advice can be drawn from the analysis of this situation?

Card No. 4

The teenagers went swimming in the river. Suddenly Vasya disappeared under water. He was pulled ashore, there were no signs of life.

What happened?

What are your actions?

What conclusions and advice can be drawn from the analysis of this situation?

Card No. 5

During a thunderstorm, people were struck by lightning. The girl fell unconscious.

What happened?

What are your actions?

What conclusions and advice can be drawn from the analysis of this situation?

IV. Self-analysis of group work. (5 minutes)

Grading.

Consolidation. (3 min)

Reflection. What did you learn that was useful in class today?

Are you satisfied with your work in class?

Homework (1 min): Repeat paragraphs 23-28, prepare for test work

Preview:

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Slide captions:

First aid for respiratory damage

Learn first aid techniques for respiratory failure. Find out the causes of airway obstruction; Find out the meaning and methods of providing first pre-hospital emergency aid; To become familiar with the techniques of external cardiac massage and artificial respiration. Purpose of the lesson: Objectives of the lesson:

Causes of breathing problems Tongue (unconscious) Foreign body - the most common reason obstruction of the respiratory tract in children Trauma - violation of anatomy, blood, etc. Laryngeal edema (compression vocal cords) with thermal or chemical burn, suffocation Infection - diphtheria films, ulcers Malignant neoplasms larynx (tumors)

Removal of a foreign body from the respiratory tract using the Heimlich maneuver Signs: The victim is choking (convulsive breathing movements), unable to speak, suddenly becomes cyanotic, and may lose consciousness. Place the baby on the forearm of your left hand, palm right hand clap 2-3 times between the shoulder blades. Turn the baby upside down and pick him up by the legs.

Grab the victim from behind with your hands and clasp them in a “lock” just above his navel, under the costal arch. Press sharply with force - with your hands folded into a “lock” - into the epigastric region. Repeat the series of pressures 3 times. For pregnant women, apply pressure to the lower parts of the chest. If the victim is unconscious, sit on top of the hips and sharply press on the costal arches with both palms. Repeat the series of pressures 3 times.

Sequence of artificial ventilation of the lungs Ensure patency of the upper respiratory tract. Use gauze (handkerchief) to remove in a circular motion fingers from the oral cavity mucus, blood, other foreign objects. Tilt the victim's head back. (Lift the chin while holding the cervical spine.) Do not perform this if a fracture is suspected. cervical spine spine! Pinch the victim's nose with your thumb and index fingers. Using a mouth-device-mouth artificial lung ventilation device, seal the mouth cavity and make two maximum, smooth exhalations into his mouth. Allow two to three seconds for each passive exhalation of the victim. Check whether the victim’s chest rises when inhaling and falls when exhaling.

Rules for closed (indirect) cardiac massage Determine the location xiphoid process, as it shown on the picture. Determine the point of compression two transverse fingers above the xiphoid process, strictly in the center of the vertical axis. Place the heel of your palm on the compression point. Apply compressions strictly vertically along the line connecting the sternum to the spine. Perform compressions smoothly, without sudden movements, using the weight of the upper half of your body.

The depth of chest compression should be at least 3-4 cm, 100-110 compressions per minute. - children infancy massage is performed with the palmar surfaces of the second and third fingers; - for teenagers - with the palm of one hand; - in adults, the emphasis is placed on the base of the palms, the thumb is directed towards the head (legs) of the victim. Fingers raised and not touching chest

Alternate two “breaths” of artificial pulmonary ventilation (ALV) with 15 pressures, regardless of the number of people performing resuscitation. Monitor the pulse in the carotid artery, the reaction of the pupils to light (determining the effectiveness resuscitation measures). Conduct indoor massage Hearts are only needed on a hard surface!

First aid for electric shock Ensure your safety. Put on dry gloves (rubber, wool, leather, etc.) and rubber boots. If possible, turn off the power source. When approaching the victim on the ground, walk in small steps, no more than 10 cm. Remove the wire from the victim with a dry, non-conductive object (stick, plastic). Drag the victim by his clothes at least 10 meters from the point where the wire touches the ground or from live equipment. Determine the presence of a pulse in the carotid artery, the reaction of the pupils to light, and spontaneous breathing. If there are no signs of life, perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. If the victim regains consciousness, cover and warm him. Monitor his condition before arrival medical personnel, repeated cardiac arrest may occur

We must remember! Artificial ventilation is performed when breathing is difficult or there is no breathing. Indirect cardiac massage is performed if the pulse cannot be felt.

Work in groups. Determine the type of respiratory impairment using the card. Provide first aid to the victim.

Repeat paragraphs 23-28, prepare for the test Homework

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Site material http://www.rg.ru/2010/12/25/pomosh.html

Lesson type: biology lesson using information technologies, lesson - generalization.

Teacher's goal setting:

Educational:

• summarize and systematize students’ knowledge on the topic “Breathing”;
• introduce the sequence of first aid for respiratory injuries;
• focus on the need for knowledge and skills in providing first aid in case of contact with foreign bodies in the respiratory tract, during drowning, during electrical injuries.

Developmental:

• develop creative and logical thinking, ability to analyze and draw appropriate conclusions;
• develop first aid skills in case of foreign bodies entering the respiratory tract, drowning, and electrical injuries;
• develop the skill of planning work, organizing work with additional material.

Educational:

• develop environmental competence and commitment to healthy image life;
• help students realize their importance when providing first aid to a victim.

Student goal setting:

1. Review the material about the structure of the respiratory system.
2. Familiarize yourself with the sequence of first aid in case of foreign bodies entering the respiratory tract, drowning, and electrical injuries.
3. Learn to provide first aid in case of foreign bodies entering the respiratory tract, drowning, or electrical injuries.

Equipment and didactic materials: PC, projector, interactive whiteboard, tables, cards.

During the classes:

1. Organizational moment. (2 minutes.)

Teacher: Guys, Good morning. My name is Olga Aleksandrovna Kuznetsova, I am a biology teacher.

I came to your lesson with this mood (showing an image of the sun)! What's your mood? On your table there are cards with the image of the sun, the sun behind a cloud and clouds. Show what mood you are in.

We are in a great mood, but we will have to talk about serious, significant things related to our health.

2. Updating knowledge (3 min.) to complete tasks. (Motivation).

Teacher: There are a lot of dangers in our life. Our modern life is integrally connected with transport, electrical appliances, we all go swimming and it happens that we do not comply basic rules when we eat in the dining room.

Wars, disasters, major accidents... claim tens, hundreds, thousands of victims...

What do you think: “Could there have been fewer victims?”

How can you help the victims?

Indeed, timely first aid could have reduced the number of victims by 1/3.

Therefore, having already studied the structure of the respiratory system, the functioning of the respiratory organs and their regulation, we can find out today...

Topic of our lesson: First aid for respiratory damage

Can you provide first aid in case of respiratory arrest?

Lesson objectives:

• repeat and systematize students’ knowledge on the topic covered;
• equip yourself with the knowledge of providing first aid first aid with damage to the respiratory system.

3. Work using cards (5 min.).

A)The teacher distributes assignments to students (1 min.)

We will work as follows.

First row (Experts) will tell us:

1 desk - about the structure of the respiratory system;

Second row (Explorers) will study the textbook material pp. 115-117 and tell us the reasons and first aid for:

1st desk - foreign bodies entering the respiratory tract;

2 desks - drowning or covering with earth;

3rd desk - suffocation;

4 desks - electrical injuries.

The third row (Eureka) work with a creative task.

1st desk - create an algorithm of actions for providing first pre-hospital emergency care

a) use of personal protective equipment;

b) eliminating the causes of exposure to threatening factors;

c) urgent assessment of the victim’s condition;

d) calling for help, including an ambulance;

e) giving the victim a safe position;

f) elimination of life-threatening conditions;

g) monitoring the condition of the victim until the arrival of medical workers.

2nd desk - formulate a definition of first pre-hospital emergency care and its tasks

First pre-medical urgent Care(PDNP) - a set of simple measures aimed at saving lives and preserving human health, carried out before the arrival of medical workers

Tasks:

a) carrying out the necessary measures to eliminate the threat to the life of the victim;

b) prevention of possible complications;

c) ensuring maximum favorable conditions for transporting the victim.

B) We finish completing the tasks.

Please tell me guys: When should you exhale while flexing or extending your muscles?

4. Physical education minute (1 min.).

1 exercise

Hands on the belt. On the count of one, two - inhale.

On the count of three, four, exhale.

Exercise 2

Hands to shoulders, up - inhale.

Hands to shoulders, down - exhale.

Exercise 3

Hands on the belt. On the count of one (exhale) - turn the body to the right,

two (inhale) - starting position.

On the count of three (exhale) - turn the body to the left,

four (inhale) - starting position.

5. Checking assignments (10 min).

6. Watch the video fragment “Artificial respiration and indirect cardiac massage” (5 min).

1. Why does the victim’s head need to be tilted back? (so that the neck and chin form a single line)

2. How to maintain personal hygiene when performing artificial respiration (air injection is carried out through gauze or a scarf)

3. Why do you need to cover your nose when performing mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, and vice versa when performing mouth-to-nose breathing?

4. Why do you need to step back from the edge of the sternum during chest compressions, and by how much?

5. How many rescuers need to be involved in performing artificial respiration and chest compressions?

6. How many centimeters should the sternum be pushed through?

7. D/Z. Summarizing. Reflection of mood.

D.z. Together with your computer science teacher, post the information you learned today in class. in the booklet

Guys, thank you very much for your work. I was very pleased that you were so active in the lesson and therefore got good results.

And in conclusion:

There are signs in front of you:

If everything in the lesson was clear and interesting to you;

If everything was not clear to you, but interesting;

00 - if everything was unclear and not interesting to you.

What's your mood now? Thank you, I'm very happy for you!