Pantogam course of treatment for children. Pantogam in the treatment of neurological diseases in children

Pantogam (INN hopantenic acid) is a domestic nootropic remedy for pharmaceutical company LLC "Pik-Pharma" Available in the form of tablets and syrup. A wide range of therapeutic activity and a favorable safety profile have led to the popularity of nootropics in various fields of medicine. There is currently no generally accepted classification of nootropics, but most pharmacologists tend to distinguish two main groups: classical nootropics (with a predominant mnestic effect) and neuroprotectors. In addition to the nootropic effect, neuroprotectors are able to stimulate metabolic processes in the brain, promote the restoration of cerebral tissues in various injuries, and increase the resistance of neurons to the effects of adverse exogenous or endogenous factors. During clinical trials other effects of neuroprotectors were also established: membrane stabilizing, antioxidant, antihypoxic. Pantogam is one of the brightest representatives of the neuroprotective subgroup. Having appeared on the market a few years before, perhaps, the most important nootropic, with whose name the name is associated pharmacological group- Piracetam, Pantogam has been successfully used in medicine for four decades. In its own way chemical structure the drug is the highest homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), later named hopantenic acid. This compound was synthesized in Japan in the early 1950s. It came to the attention of Soviet pharmaceutical technologists and pharmacologists due to the presence in its structure of the GABA molecule, which, in turn, is one of the key neurotransmitters. Being a natural metabolite of GABA, hopantenic acid is a more promising compound, because

to. it is endowed with the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and regulate the functional activity of brain neurons. Pantogam has a nootropic and anticonvulsant effect, increases the resistance of brain tissues to oxygen starvation and the effects of toxins, activates anabolism in nerve cells, increases mental and physical performance, facilitates the regeneration of cerebral tissues after damage. Four decades of use of the drug in clinical practice have exhaustively confirmed its effectiveness and favorable safety profile. Pantogam is indicated for use in order to prevent diseases of the central nervous system (with psycho-emotional overload, excessive stress exposure, autonomic pathology, etc.), treatment of organic and functional disorders CNS. Among other nootropics, Pantogam stands out for its antiepileptic activity, which makes it possible to use the drug as a aid in the treatment and prevention of seizures this disease. Special mention deserves the experience of using Pantogam in pediatric practice. In the past few decades, there has been an increase in cases of cognitive impairment in children in the absence of organic CNS diseases. First of all, this is due to the increased intellectual and emotional stress in kindergartens and schools. These include attention deficit disorder, psychovegetative and asthenoneurotic syndromes. Clinical and post-marketing studies of Pantogam have confirmed its effectiveness in correcting the above syndromes and normalizing the cognitive functions of children and adolescents.

Pharmacology

Nootropic agent, has neurometabolic, neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties. Increases the resistance of the brain to hypoxia and exposure to toxic substances, stimulates anabolic processes in neurons, combines moderate sedative effect with a mild stimulating effect, has an anticonvulsant effect, reduces motor excitability while streamlining behavior. Increases mental and physical performance. Contributes to the normalization of the content of GABA in chronic alcohol intoxication and subsequent withdrawal of ethanol. Shows analgesic action.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, it is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Tmax - 1 hour Highest concentrations are created in the liver, kidneys, in the wall of the stomach and skin. Penetrates through the BBB. Not metabolized. Excreted unchanged within 48 hours: 67.5% of the dose taken in the urine, 28.5% in the feces.

Release form

The syrup is colorless or slightly yellowish, with a cherry smell.

Excipients: glycerol - 25.8 g, sorbitol - 15 g, citric acid monohydrate - 0.1 g, sodium benzoate - 0.1 g, aspartame - 0.05 g, food flavor "Cherry 667" - 0.01 g, purified water - up to 100 ml.

100 ml - dark glass bottles (1) complete with a 5 ml measuring spoon - packs of cardboard.

Dosage

Taken inside. Single dose for adults - 0.5-1 g, for children - 0.25-0.5 g; daily dose for adults - 1.5-3 g, for children - 0.75-3 g. The course of treatment - 1-4 months, in some cases - up to 6 months. After 3-6 months, a second course of treatment is possible.

Children with mental insufficiency and oligophrenia - 0.5 g 4-6 times / day daily for 3 months; with delayed speech development - 0.5 g 3-4 times / day for 2-3 months.

As a corrector for neuroleptic syndrome, adults - 0.5-1 g 3 times / day, children - 0.25-0.5 g 3-4 times / day. The course of treatment is 1-3 months.

With epilepsy, children - 0.25-0.5 g 3-4 times / day, adults - 0.5-1 g 3-4 times / day, daily, for a long time (up to 6 months).

With tics in adults - 1.5-3 g / day, daily, for 1-5 months; children - 0.25-0.5 g 3-6 times / day daily for 1-4 months.

In violation of urination in adults - 0.5-1 g 2-3 times / day, daily dose - 2-3 g; for children, a single dose of 0.25-0.5 g, daily - 25-50 mg / kg. The course of treatment is 0.5-3 months.

Interaction

Prolongs the action of barbiturates, enhances the effects of anticonvulsants, nootropics and CNS stimulants, the action of local anesthetics (procaine).

Prevents side effects phenobarbital, carbamazepine, antipsychotics(neuroleptics).

The action of hopantenic acid is enhanced in combination with glycine, ksidifon.

Side effects

allergic reactions: rhinitis, conjunctivitis, skin rashes.

Indications

Cerebrovascular insufficiency caused by atherosclerotic changes in the vessels of the brain, senile dementia (initial forms), residual organic brain lesions in adults and the elderly, cerebral organic insufficiency in patients with schizophrenia, extrapyramidal hyperkinesis in patients with hereditary diseases nervous system(including Huntington's chorea, hepatocerebral dystrophy, Parkinson's disease), residual effects transferred neuroinfections, post-vaccination encephalitis, craniocerebral injury (as part of complex therapy); extrapyramidal neuroleptic syndrome (hyperkinetic and akinetic), as a corrector of the side effects of antipsychotics (neuroleptics) and with preventive purpose simultaneously as "cover therapy"; epilepsy (with slowness mental processes together with anticonvulsants). Psycho-emotional overload, decreased mental and physical performance(increased concentration and memory). Urinary disorders: enuresis, daytime urinary incontinence, pollakiuria, imperative urge (adults and children from 2 years).

In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Pantogam. Reviews of site visitors - consumers are presented this medicine, as well as the opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Pantogam in their practice. A big request to actively add your reviews about the drug: did the medicine help or not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, perhaps not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Pantogam analogues, if available structural analogues. Use for the treatment of cerebral palsy and encephalopathy in adults, children (including infants and newborns), as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

Pantogam- nootropic drug. The spectrum of action of Pantogam is associated with the presence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in its structure. The mechanism of action is due to the direct influence of Pantogam on the GABAB-receptor-channel complex.

The drug increases the resistance of the brain to hypoxia and the effects of toxic substances, stimulates anabolic processes in neurons, has an anticonvulsant effect, and reduces motor excitability. Pantogam combines a moderate sedative effect with a mild stimulating effect. Increases mental and physical performance. Contributes to the normalization of GABA metabolism in chronic alcohol intoxication and subsequent withdrawal of ethanol (alcohol). Inhibits acetylation reactions involved in the mechanisms of inactivation of novocaine and sulfonamides, thereby prolonging the action of the latter.

Causes inhibition of pathologically increased cystic reflex and detrusor tone.

Pharmacokinetics

Pantogam is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The highest concentrations are created in the liver, kidneys, in the wall of the stomach, in the skin. Penetrates through the BBB. Not metabolized. It is excreted unchanged within 48 hours. 67.5% of the dose taken is excreted by the kidneys, 28.5% - with feces.

Indications

• various forms of cerebral palsy;
• children with perinatal encephalopathy from the first days of life;
• mental retardation varying degrees severity, incl. with behavioral disorders
• psychological status disorders in children in the form of a general delay mental development, specific speech disorders, motor functions and their combinations, the formation of school skills (reading, writing, counting, etc.);
• hyperkinetic disorders (including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder);
• neurosis-like states (with stuttering, tics of predominantly clonic form, inorganic encopresis and enuresis);
• decrease in mnestic-intellectual productivity due to arteriosclerotic changes in the vessels of the brain, in the initial forms of senile dementia, organic brain lesions of traumatic, toxic, neuroinfectious origin;
• schizophrenia with cerebral organic insufficiency (as part of complex therapy in combination with psychotropic drugs);
• extrapyramidal disorders in organic brain diseases (including myoclonic epilepsy, Huntington's chorea, hepatolenticular degeneration, Parkinson's disease), as well as for the treatment and prevention of extrapyramidal syndrome caused by the use of antipsychotics;
• epilepsy with a slowdown in mental processes and a decrease in cognitive productivity (in combination with anticonvulsants);
• psycho-emotional overload, decreased mental and physical performance, to improve concentration and memorization;
• neurogenic disorders of urination (pollakiuria, imperative urges, imperative urinary incontinence).

Release forms

Tablets 250 mg and 500 mg.

Capsules 200 mg and 300 mg Pantogam Active.

Instructions for use and dosage

Pills

Pantogam is taken orally 15-30 minutes after a meal.

For adults, a single dose is 0.25-1 g, daily - 1.5-3 g.

For children, a single dose is 0.25-0.5 g, daily - 0.75-3 g.

The course of treatment is 1-4 months, sometimes up to 6 months. After 3-6 months. you can repeat the course of treatment.

In epilepsy (in combination with anticonvulsants), the drug is prescribed at a dose of 0.75 g to 1 g per day. The course of treatment is up to 1 year or more.

With extrapyramidal neuroleptic syndrome (in combination with ongoing therapy), the dose is up to 3 g per day. Treatment is carried out for several months.

With extrapyramidal hyperkinesis in patients with hereditary diseases of the nervous system (in combination with ongoing therapy), from 0.5 g to 3 g per day is prescribed. The course of treatment - up to 4 months or more.

With the consequences of neuroinfections and craniocerebral injuries - 0.25 g 3-4 times a day.

To restore working capacity at increased loads and asthenic conditions, Pantogam is prescribed 0.25 g 3 times a day.

For the treatment of extrapyramidal syndrome caused by taking antipsychotics, adults - 0.5-1 g 3 times a day, children - 0.25-0.5 g 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment is 1-3 months.

For ticks, children - 0.25-0.5 g 3-6 times a day for 1-4 months, adults - 1.5-3 g per day for 1-5 months.

For urination disorders in adults, the drug is prescribed at a dose of 0.5-1 g 2-3 times a day. Children - 0.25-0.5 g each, the daily dose is 0.025-0.05 g / kg. The course of treatment is 1-3 months.

Children with various pathologies nervous system, depending on age, the drug is recommended at a dose of 1-3 g. The tactics of prescribing the drug is to gradually increase the dose over 7-12 days, taking maximum dose for 15-40 days and a gradual dose reduction within 7-12 days until the complete abolition of Pantogam. The break between courses of Pantogam is 1-3 months. (just like any other nootropic).

Taking into account the nootropic effect of the drug, its administration is carried out in the morning and afternoon hours.

Syrup

The course of treatment is 1-4 months, sometimes up to 6 months. After 3-6 months. it is possible to repeat the course of treatment.

For children with various pathologies of the nervous system, depending on age, the following doses are recommended:

up to 1 year - 5-10 ml (0.5-1 g)

from 1 year to 3 years - 5-12.5 ml (0.5-1.25 g)

from 3 to 7 years - 7.5-15 ml (0.75-1.5 g)

over 7 years - 10-20 ml (1-2 g)

The tactics of prescribing the drug include increasing the dose for 7-12 days, taking the maximum dose for 15-40 days and gradually reducing the dose for 7-8 days until Pantogam is canceled. The course of treatment is 30-90 days (for certain diseases up to 6 months or more).

Capsules Active

Inside, 15-20 minutes after eating, 2-3 times a day, preferably in the morning and afternoon.

Capsules 200 mg - 1-4 capsules (0.2-0.8 g). The maximum daily dose is 12 capsules (2.4 g).

Capsules 300 mg - 1-3 capsules (0.3-0.9 g). The maximum daily dose is 8 capsules (2.4 g). The course of treatment is 1-4 months, sometimes up to 6-12 months. After 3-6 months, a second course of treatment is possible.

Side effect

• rhinitis;
• conjunctivitis;
• skin rashes;
• insomnia;
• drowsiness;
• noise in the head.

Contraindications

• acute severe kidney disease;
• 1 trimester of pregnancy;
• hypersensitivity to the drug.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

The drug is contraindicated for use in the 1st trimester of pregnancy.

AT experimental studies it is shown that Pantogam does not have teratogenic and embryotoxic effects.

Use in children

Use in children is possible according to the dosing regimen.

special instructions

With the development of allergic reactions, the drug should be discontinued or the dose reduced.

drug interaction

Pantogam prolongs the action of barbiturates, enhances the effects of anticonvulsants.

At joint application Pantogam prevents the side effects of phenobarbital, finlepsin, neuroleptics.

The effect of Pantogam is enhanced by simultaneous use with glycine, ksidifon.

Pantogam potentiates the action of local anesthetics (novocaine).

Analogues of the drug Pantogam

Structural analogues for the active substance:

• Gopantam;
• Hopantenic acid;
• Hopantenic acid calcium salt;
• calcium hopantenate;
• Pantocalcin.

In the absence of analogues of the drug for the active substance, you can follow the links below to the diseases that the corresponding drug helps with and see the available analogues for the therapeutic effect.

After reading this article, you will learn about medicinal product Pantogam (LLC "Pik-Pharma"), its action, in what cases it is prescribed, how to dose correctly this drug, what side effects are possible when using it, as well as some reviews on the use of Pantogam and an introductory video about the drug.

The drug exists in the form of a syrup of 100 mg / ml in a dark glass bottle. The syrup is a yellowish liquid with a sweetish odor and a fruity taste. Also available in an assortment of 250 and 500 mg, as well as 300 mg (Pantogam asset).

Compound

One 100 ml bottle of syrup contains 10 g of calcium hopantenate active ingredient and Excipients: glycerol, sodium benzoate, aspartame, food citric acid, food sorbitol, food flavor essence, purified water.

Operating principle

Pantogam is nootropic drug, with a pronounced anticonvulsant effect. Hopantenic acid, which is part of the drug, improves metabolic processes in the brain tissue, increasing the resistance of the brain to hypoxia and the effects of damaging substances; also showing a calming effect with a slight stimulating effect, due to which motor excitability is reduced, but efficiency increases and mental activity is activated, behavior is normalized.

Indications

It is a mixed action nootropic drug with wide range clinical application in pediatrics, neurology. Pantogam is safe for children, it has a small amount side effects, compared with similar drugs similar action. It is very convenient to use Pantogam in the form of a syrup for children in the first days of life.

Pantogam is shown to children with various diseases and states of the nervous system:

• perinatal encephalopathy;
• mental retardation, including behavioral disorders;
• cerebral palsy;

• general delay in psychoemotional development, speech disorders of a specific nature, motor function and their combination, impaired formation of counting, writing, reading skills;
• stuttering, enuresis, tics;
• hyperkinetic disorders, including hyperactivity disorder with attention deficit;
• lesions of the organic nature of the central nervous system of various origins;
• organic brain diseases with the manifestation of extrapyramidal disorders (epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, etc.);

• psycho-emotional overstrain;
• decreased physical and mental performance to improve memory and concentration;
• neurogenic urinary disorders.

At what age is it allowed to take

It can be taken by a child in the form of a syrup from the first days of life according to clinical indications, from the age of 3 years it can be taken in tablets.

Contraindications and side effects

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to the active substance or any of the excipients;
• severe kidney disease;
• phenylketonuria (due to the presence of aspartame in the preparation);
• age up to 3 years (for the tablet form of the drug).

Side effects

Side effects of the drug Pantogam in children include:

• allergic reactions, namely rash and redness on the skin, itching, conjunctivitis, inflammation of the nasal mucosa;
• very rarely observed tinnitus, sleep disturbance or drowsiness.

Instructions for use and dosage

Each bottle comes with a special measuring spoon with a volume of 5 ml, so it is not difficult to choose the dosage of Pantogam syrup for children. The drug is taken orally, 30 minutes after a meal. A single child can be given from 2.5 to 5 ml of the drug (0.5-1 measuring spoon). Accept better in the morning or day.

How children take Pantogam depends on the age of the child and the condition that requires his appointment. Daily dose varies depending on the diseases for which the drug is indicated, but should not exceed 30 ml (6 measuring spoons). On average, children of the first year of life are prescribed from 5 to 10 ml (1-2 scoops) per day, children under three years old - from 5 to 12.5 ml (1-2.5 scoops) per day, children from three to seven years old - from 7.5 to 15 ml (2.5-3 scoops) per day , children from seven years and older - from 10 to 20 ml (2-4 scoops) per day.

Start taking the drug with a minimum dose, followed by an increase to the most effective within 7-12 days, for each patient individually. Similarly, the dose of Pantogam is gradually reduced within 7 days before drug withdrawal. On average, the course of treatment is an average of 3 months (can be no more than 6 months), if necessary, it is repeated after 3 months or six months.

Overdose

When using Pantogam in doses exceeding those recommended, children may experience increased side effects, such as tinnitus and sleep disturbance. If this situation occurs, it is necessary to wash the stomach, take Activated carbon or other sorbents and seek immediate medical attention.

Interaction with other drugs

At simultaneous reception with barbiturates prolongs action of the last. Used together with anticonvulsants and local anesthetics, their effect is enhanced. Pantogam prevents the side effects of phenobarbital, antipsychotics, carbamazepine. and ksidifon are able to enhance the effect of Pantogam.

Pantogam is not recommended for long-term use with other nootropics.

Analogues

Analogues of Pantogam for children include the following drugs, containing hopantenic acid in their basis: Hopantenic acid (Rik-Pharm), Kognum (Kyiv vitamin plant), Calcium hopantenate (Pharmstandard-UfaVITA), (Valenta Pharmaceuticals), -Cortexin - (TOV "Geropharm").

On various Internet resources, you can find a variety of information comparing preparations containing calcium hopantenate. Pantogam and Pantocalcin are more often compared - which is better to prescribe to children. Theoretically, drugs are prescribed and have healing effect under the same pathological conditions, as active substance same.

Only the additional substances that are part of the preparations differ, so there may be situations with intolerance to these substances. This is individual. A big plus of Pantogam is that it is available in a form convenient for children 1-3 years of age - in the form of a syrup.

It is a medicine, the reception of which has a positive effect on the functioning of the brain, memory and mental activity. It is often prescribed to children with various neurological disorders. At the same time, for young patients it is most convenient to use this drug in the form of a syrup. When is it in demand in the treatment of children, in what doses is it prescribed and how does it affect the child's body?

Release form

Pantogam syrup is a completely transparent, not thick liquid that smells like cherries. It is packaged in dark glass bottles with a white plastic measuring spoon containing 5 ml of medication. Such a spoon also has a 1/2 mark, which allows you to measure 2.5 ml of syrup, and sometimes there is another 1/4 division (the volume of syrup poured to this mark is 1.25 ml). One bottle contains 100 ml of syrup.

Compound

The main ingredient in Pantogam is called hopantenic acid. Its amount in each milliliter of syrup is 100 mg. This acid is contained in the drug in the form of calcium hopantenate. It was this form that was patented under the name "pantogam".

Additionally, citric acid, sodium benzoate, sorbitol, purified water and glycerin are added to the medicine. These substances help the syrup to remain liquid and not deteriorate during storage.

Aspartame in the composition of Pantogam gives the drug a sweet taste, and cherry flavor gives a pleasant smell.

Operating principle

Pantogam is classified as a nootropic drug, since hopantenic acid has the ability to influence brain tissue, increasing their resistance to hypoxia and the action of various harmful substances. The use of syrup stimulates anabolic processes occurring in nerve cells. In this case, the drug produces a slight sedative effect, which is combined with a slight stimulating effect.

During treatment with Pantogam, motor excitability decreases, and performance (both physical and mental) is activated.

The syrup taken orally is absorbed in the digestive tract very quickly. Once in the bloodstream, hopantenic acid penetrates into various organs, and also passes through the blood-brain barrier. Metabolic changes of the drug in the body do not occur, therefore active substance Pantogam is excreted unchanged within 2 days after administration.

Most of the drug leaves the body in the urine and about a third of the drug is excreted in the feces.

From what age is it used in children?

Pantogam in the form of syrup can be given to children of any age, including newborn toddlers. This medicine is prescribed babies, and preschoolers, and patients school age. Pantogam tablets are in demand in children older than three years.

Indications

The drug is used for:

• Neurogenic disorders of urination.
• Psychoemotional overload.
• perinatal encephalopathy.
• Syndrome of hyperactivity and attention deficit.
• Children's cerebral palsy.
• Traumatic, infectious or toxic damage to the brain.

• mental retardation.
• Delayed mental development.
• Stuttering.
• Nervous tics.
• Enuresis.
• Schizophrenia.

• epilepsy.
• Organic pathologies of the brain.
• The appearance of extrapyramidal disorders due to treatment with neuroleptics.
• Delayed speech development.
• Reduced performance.
• Deterioration of memory and attention.

Contraindications

The syrup is not prescribed for children:

• With hypersensitivity to any of its ingredients.
• With severe acute renal pathologies.
• With phenylketonuria, because the medicine contains aspartame.

Side effects

Treatment with Pantogam may provoke an allergic reaction, such as dermatitis or conjunctivitis. If an allergy to the drug appears, it is immediately canceled and an analogue is selected that has other active substances.

In rare cases, a child taking syrup develops negative reactions on the part of the nervous system, for example, sleep is disturbed, the patient becomes inhibited, lethargic or, on the contrary, very excited.

The occurrence of such symptoms is usually eliminated by reducing the dosage.

Instructions for use

Dosage in childhood

A single dose for children usually varies from 2.5 to 5 ml, and a daily dose from 7.5 to 30 ml. The required amount of syrup per day is determined both on the basis of age and taking into account the disease. Often the medicine is prescribed as follows:

• A child up to a year - from 5 to 10 ml per day.
• Babies 1-3 years old - from 5 to 12.5 ml per day.
• A child 3-7 years old - from 7.5 to 15 ml per day.
• A patient over 7 years old - from 10 to 20 ml per day.

The drug is started at the minimum dosage and gradually increased over 7-12 days, after which the syrup is given at the maximum dose for 15-40 days, and then the amount of the drug is gradually reduced and the intake is stopped in 7-8 days.

Overdose

If the dose of Pantogam is exceeded, this will increase the side effects of the drug, for example, cause drowsiness or provoke nervous excitement. An overdose can also be manifested by noise in the head, insomnia, headaches, lethargy and other symptoms. For treatment, activated charcoal and symptomatic agents are used.

Compatibility with other medicines

Taking Pantogam prolongs the action of barbiturates and enhances the effects anticonvulsant drugs, while reducing the incidence of side effects from such medications and antipsychotics. If you combine Pantogam and Glycine, then the effectiveness of treatment with syrup increases.

Long-term use Pantogam is not advised to be combined with treatment with other nootropics, so as not to stimulate the central nervous system too much.

Terms of sale

To purchase Pantogam in the form of a syrup in a pharmacy, you need a prescription from a neurologist or other doctor. average price bottles of 100 ml is 370-400 rubles.

Storage conditions

You can keep a bottle of syrup at home, if it has not yet been opened, at a temperature not higher than +25 degrees. The shelf life of the sealed medicine is 2 years. Opened drug should be stored in the refrigerator for 1 month after the first use.

To make it inaccessible to children, the bottle should be placed on the top shelf.

Reviews

You can find a lot about the treatment of children with Pantogam syrup good reviews. In them, the medication is called effective and it is noted that its use helped with RRR, nervous tick, hyperactivity, mental retardation and other problems. The tolerability of the syrup is generally good, and adverse reactions are rarely noted. If you do not give medication in evening time, then its reception does not interfere with sleep and does not provoke increased excitability in the evening.

Allergic reactions to Pantogam occur in isolated cases.

The advantages of the drug include the fact that it is released in syrup, which allows you to give the drug to a child of any age, because even a baby can swallow it. However, many mothers complain about the packaging of this form of Pantogam. According to them, it is very inconvenient that the neck of the bottle is wide, and since the syrup itself is very liquid (like water), it is easy to spill the drug. Parents do not like the spoon attached to the package, especially if the child is small and the dose is less than 2.5 ml.

Most mothers refuse to use it, preferring a syringe from Nurofen or another antipyretic.

Some mothers do not like that the syrup is too sweet and has a pronounced chemical smell of cherries. In their opinion, medicine for babies can be made less sweet. The disadvantages of Pantogam include a very short shelf life after opening (they do not have time to use the bottle for a month and the rest of the syrup has to be thrown away).

Pantogam: instructions for use and reviews

Latin name: pantogam

ATX Code: N06BX

Active substance: hopantenic acid

Manufacturer: LLC PIK-PHARMA PRO (Russia); OOO PIK-PHARMA LEK (Russia); OOO Firma VIPS-MED (Russia)

Description and photo update: 19.08.2019

Pantogam is a drug that has a nootropic and anticonvulsant effect.

Release form and composition

Dosage forms of Pantogam:

• Tablets: flat-cylindrical, white color, with a risk and a chamfer (10 pcs in blister packs, 5 packs in a carton pack);
• Syrup: colorless or slightly yellowish in color, has a cherry smell (100 ml each in dark glass bottles, 1 bottle in a cardboard pack, 5 ml measuring spoon included).

The active substance is the calcium salt of hopantenic acid, its content:

• 1 tablet - 0.25 or 0.5 g;
• 5 ml syrup - 0.5 g.

Tablet excipients: methylcellulose, magnesium hydroxycarbonate, calcium stearate, talc.

Syrup excipients: sorbitol, sodium benzoate, glycerol, aspartame, citric acid monohydrate, purified water, Cherry 667 food flavoring.

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics

The spectrum of activity shown by Pantogam is due to the presence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in its structure. The mechanism of action of the drug is associated with the ability of hopantenic acid to have a direct effect on the GABA (subtype B) receptor-channel complex.

The drug has an anticonvulsant and nootropic effect, helps to increase the resistance of the brain to hypoxia and negative impact toxic substances. Pantogam stimulates anabolic processes in neurons, reduces motor excitability, increases physical and mental performance, demonstrates a combination of a mild stimulating effect with a moderate sedative effect.

Pantogam normalizes GABA metabolism against the background of chronic alcohol intoxication and subsequent refusal to take ethanol. The drug prolongs the effect of novocaine (procaine) and sulfonamides as a result of suppression of their acetylation reactions, which are involved in the mechanism of inactivation of these drugs. It inhibits pathologically increased cystic reflex and detrusor tone.

Pharmacokinetics

The drug is rapidly absorbed from digestive tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. The highest concentrations are observed in the kidneys, liver, stomach wall and skin. The agent does not undergo metabolic transformation and is excreted unchanged for 48 hours: with urine - 67.5% of the dose taken, with feces - 28.5%.

Indications for use

• Psycho-emotional overload, decreased physical / mental performance (the purpose of using Pantogam is to improve memorization and concentration of attention);
• Akinetic and hyperkinetic extrapyramidal syndrome due to the use of neuroleptics (treatment and prevention);
• Extrapyramidal disorders (including Huntington's chorea, Parkinson's disease, hepatolenticular degeneration, myoclonus epilepsy);
• Cognitive impairment due to neurotic disorders and organic lesions of the brain (including the consequences of craniocerebral injuries and neuroinfections);
• Neurosis-like states with tics, stuttering (mainly clonic form), inorganic encopresis and enuresis;
• Cerebrovascular insufficiency due to atherosclerotic changes in cerebral vessels;
• Hyperkinetic disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder;
• Epilepsy with mental retardation (in combination with anticonvulsants);
• Schizophrenia, accompanied by organic cerebral insufficiency;
• Neurogenic disorders of urination (pollakiuria, enuresis, imperative urges, imperative urinary incontinence);
• Psychological status disorders in children, manifested by a general mental retardation, specific disorders of motor functions, speech and their combination, the formation of school skills (writing, reading, counting, etc.);
• Mental retardation, including with behavioral disorders;
• Various forms of cerebral palsy;
• Perinatal encephalopathy in children from the first days of life.

Contraindications

Absolute:

• Phenylketonuria (for syrup; due to aspartame content);
• Acute severe kidney disease;
• Pregnancy and lactation;
• Hypersensitivity to any component of Pantogam.

Instructions for use Pantogam: method and dosage

Both dosage forms Pantogam should be taken orally 15-30 minutes after a meal, given its nootropic effect - in the morning and afternoon (up to 17 hours).

In the form of tablets, the drug is prescribed for adults and children over 3 years old, children early age it is advisable to use syrup.

The average doses of Pantogam for adults are: single - 0.25-1 g, daily - 1.5-3 g; for children: single - 0.25-0.5 g, daily - 0.75-3 g.

Duration of treatment - from 1 to 4 months, in some cases - 6 months. If necessary, after 3-6 months of a break, a second course of therapy is prescribed.

• Schizophrenia (as part of complex therapy with psychotropic drugs): 0.5-3 g per day for 1-3 months;
• Epilepsy (in combination with anticonvulsants): 0.75-1 g per day, treatment can last up to 1 year or more;
• Extrapyramidal neuroleptic syndrome (simultaneously with the main therapy): up to 3 g per day for several months;
• Extrapyramidal hyperkinesis in patients with hereditary diseases of the nervous system (simultaneously with the main therapy): 0.5-3 g per day, the duration of treatment is up to 4 months or more;
• Consequences of craniocerebral injuries and neuroinfections: 0.25 g 3-4 times a day;
• Asthenic conditions and increased loads(to restore performance): 0.25-0.5 g 3 times a day;
• Extrapyramidal syndrome due to the use of neuroleptics: adults - 0.5-1 g 3 times a day, children - 0.25-0.5 g 3-4 times a day, treatment is carried out for 1-3 months;
• Tics in children: 0.25-0.5 g 3-6 times a day for a course of 1 to 4 months;
• Urination disorders: adults - 0.5-1 g 2-3 times a day, children - 0.25-0.5 g per day (0.025-0.05 mg / kg) for 1-3 months;
• Pathologies of the nervous system in children: up to 1 year - 0.5-1 g per day, 1-3 years - 0.5-1.25 g per day, 3-7 years - 0.75-1.5 g per day, older than 7 years - 1-2 g per day. Treatment always begins with a minimum dose and gradually, within 7-12 days, it is increased. At the maximum dose, Pantogam is used for 15-40 days, after which the dose is gradually reduced over 7-8 days until the drug is completely discontinued. General course treatment lasts from 30 to 90 days, in some cases it can reach 6 months or more.

Side effects

• Allergic reactions: conjunctivitis, rhinitis, skin rashes (these reactions require a reduction in the dose of Pantogam or its complete abolition);
• Other: drowsiness or sleep disturbances, noise in the head (these phenomena are usually short-term and do not require discontinuation of therapy).

Overdose

With an overdose of Pantogam, it is possible to increase the severity of such adverse reactions like drowsiness or sleep disturbance, noise in the head.

special instructions

The break between courses of Pantogam therapy, like any other nootropic drug, should be 1-3 months.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and complex mechanisms

Due to the likelihood of drowsiness in the first days of therapy, care should be taken when driving and performing potentially hazardous types of work.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Application in childhood

Pantogam tablets are contraindicated for children under 3 years of age. The syrup can be used from the first days of life according to the dosing regimen.

For impaired renal function

In the presence of acute serious illnesses kidney medication is contraindicated.

, Calcium Gopanthenate-Ros .

Terms and conditions of storage

Store in a dry place (tablets), protected from light and out of the reach of children at temperatures up to 25 ºС.

Shelf life:

• Tablets 0.25 g - 4 years;
• Tablets 0.5 g - 3 years;
• Syrup - 2 years, after the first opening of the bottle - no more than 1 month, if stored in the refrigerator.