Intrauterine infection in newborns treatment. Risk group for VUI in newborns

Intrauterine infection refers to viral, bacterial, fungal infection embryo, fetus or newborn during gestation or childbirth. Depending on the type and severity of infection, this condition can lead to severe mental and physical developmental defects, hypoxia, death of the unborn child and, as a consequence, premature birth.

Causes of intrauterine fetal infection

The pathological process can be caused by the following microorganisms:

bacteria (damage to staphylococcus, streptococcus, tetanus, diphtheria bacillus);

viruses (rubella, chickenpox, influenza, cytomegalovirus, herpes);

fungi (for example, the genus Candida);

less often – protozoa (Toxoplasma).

All these microorganisms can disrupt normal development unborn baby during the period of acute or chronic disease mothers, by:

transplacental penetration (herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis);

ascending infection (STD, chlamydia, vaginal candidiasis);

descending infection (any inflammatory diseases ovaries and fallopian tubes);

direct contact (HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, C).

Symptoms of intrauterine infection

Intrauterine infection is always a consequence of a mother's disease, which can be pronounced or hidden. For example, a fetus can receive a small amount of rubella virus even if the mother is not sick but has been in contact with someone who is sick.

The same picture is typical for an embryo affected by toxoplasma - the mother is only a carrier of the protozoan, which initial stage The disease is very dangerous for the unborn child. In this case, there is a threat of intrauterine infection in the newborn.

Congenital infection can be indicated either by individual facts or by their combination:

during pregnancy up to 12 weeks: threat of miscarriage, uterine hypertonicity, miscarriage, embryo freezing, diagnosis of pathologies based on ultrasound results (malformations of the neural tube);

during gestation from 13-40 weeks: uterine hypertonicity, fetal death, threat of premature birth, diagnosis of pathologies based on ultrasound results (heart defects, myocarditis, brain malformations, congenital pyelonephritis and pneumonia, level of development internal organs does not correspond to the gestational age).

In some cases, a child may be born on time and be considered healthy, however, after some time he may show signs of intrauterine infection - sepsis, osteomyelitis, progressive cataracts, hepatitis.

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This is due to the possibility of transmission of microorganisms during childbirth or the so-called delayed pathology, the cause of which lies in infection during gestation.

How does intrauterine infection affect preterm birth?

Premature birth - delivery that began between 22 and 37 completed weeks of pregnancy; such a process can be early (22-27 weeks), middle (23-33 weeks) and late (33-37 weeks). The presence of an infection in the fetus can provoke this pathology for 2 reasons:

any deviations in the development of the unborn child are a process that contradicts the basic law of nature about the survival of the fittest. A woman’s body often reacts violently to abnormalities in the unborn child caused by intrauterine infection, and therefore tries in every possible way to get rid of the defective fetus, and in this case a premature baby may be born;

when an unborn child becomes infected due to the fact that the pregnant woman has suffered an acute or chronic form sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, gonorrhea), premature birth can cause disruption of the muscle tone of the uterus or loss of elasticity

Diagnosis and treatment

Intrauterine infection of a child can only be assumed based on the combination of the following indicators:

data about specific diseases suffered by a pregnant woman at a certain stage of pregnancy;

results laboratory research physiological fluids of the mother, including amniotic fluid and blood tests for TORCH infections (detection of rubella viruses, herpes, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasma and pallidum spirochete - the causative agent of syphilis);

ultrasound examination data that indicate pathologies of fetal development;

results of examination of parts of the umbilical cord and placenta, as well as blood and cerebrospinal fluid child (if a newborn is infected by contact).

Therapeutic tactics for various intrauterine infections are different and depend on the period of gestation, the condition of the woman, the condition of the fetus, the nature and severity of the disease.

Intrauterine infectious diseases pose a great danger to the health and life of the child, as they lead to delayed fetal development, various defects and diseases.

Intrauterine infection in a newborn - an infectious disease that occurs as a result of infection in the womb or during childbirth. The consequences can be very different - from the formation birth defects before the death of the child.

The clinical manifestations of such infections depend on large quantity various factors. For the most part they depend on acute diseases mothers during the prenatal and birth periods. Symptoms are completely different and not always clinical picture helps identify the presence of the disease. Therefore, proper monitoring of a woman during pregnancy helps either eliminate the risk completely or eliminate all consequences.

In newborns they occur as a result of infection of the fetus with a pathogen during pregnancy or during childbirth. Most often, a child becomes infected with an infection from the mother. Cases of infection are much less likely to occur with specific types of maternal diagnosis (invasive prenatal diagnosis), insertion through the baby's umbilical cord various drugs blood and other routes.

During the period of intrauterine development of a child, infectious agents most often arise from various viruses (rubella, HIV, herpes, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cytomegaly) and intracellular microorganisms (mycoplasmosis, toxoplasmosis).

During the birth period, the degree of infection directly depends on the condition of the mother's birth canal. Provided the integrity and healthy functionality of the placenta, the child is inaccessible to the simplest viruses and most harmful bacteria. However, with fetoplacental insufficiency or various injuries, there is a high probability of infection of the child.

The severity of the disease depends on the time of infection and the type of pathogen. Infection during the first ten weeks of intrauterine development guarantees a high probability spontaneous miscarriage.

Infection with the pathogen in the first fourteen weeks leads to stillbirth and the occurrence of severe malformations and disorders in the development of the child. The disease in the second and third trimesters causes damage to individual organs or extensive infection.

It is possible that clinical manifestation The mother's infection may not match the symptoms or severity of the infection in the baby. Low intensity of symptoms or asymptomatic course of the disease in a pregnant woman often causes severe consequences, reflected on the fetus - from pathologies to death.

Symptoms

It is possible to detect intrauterine infection during childbirth. Vivid signs infections can become:

• unpleasant odor and turbidity amniotic fluid;
• unsatisfactory condition of the placenta;
• asphyxia in a newborn.

In the future, other manifestations of the disease can be diagnosed:

• enlargement of some internal organs (liver);
• microcephaly;
• jaundice;
• sudden febrile syndrome;
• pyoderma;
• different pigmentation on the skin;
• convulsions.

Manifestations of intrauterine infection may include grayish skin color of the newborn, central depression syndrome nervous system and profuse regurgitation. In the future, during a protracted period of development, infections can cause the occurrence of osteomyelitis, various types of encephalitis and meningitis.

Congenital toxoplasmosis

Acute manifestations begin in the first days of life after birth and are characterized by the occurrence of inflammation in organs, nephritis, various manifestations of diarrhea, jaundice, and fever. Convulsions and edema syndrome are possible.

The chronic form leads to strabismus, microcephaly, optic nerve atrophy and iridocyclitis. Cases of monosymptomatic and latent forms of the disease occur much less frequently. Late complications entail blindness, epilepsy, mental retardation.

Congenital rubella

Rubella disease in a pregnant woman different periods pregnancy with to varying degrees guarantees the possibility of infection of the child. When infected during the first eight weeks, the disease in the fetus is 80% and the consequences have a high degree of risk - up to spontaneous miscarriage. The disease in the second trimester will reduce the risk to 20%, and in the third – to 8%.

A baby with rubella is often born low birth weight or premature. The typical clinical picture includes congenital heart disease, lesions auditory nerve and eyes. Deafness may develop.

Atypical manifestations and consequences may develop:

• hepatitis
• hydrocephalus;
• microcephaly;
• cleft palate;
• skeletal abnormalities;
• defects of various systems;
• mental or physical developmental delay.

Cytomegaly

Infection with pathogens of cytomegalovirus infection often leads to damage and abnormalities in the development of various internal organs, impaired functioning immune system, various complications.

Most often present congenital pathologies, which appear:

• cataracts;
• retinopathy;
• microphthalmia;
• microgyria;
• microcephaly and other serious diseases.

In the future, liver cirrhosis, blindness, pneumosclerosis, encephalopathy, and deafness may develop.

Herpetic infection

This disease occurs in three forms - broad, mucocutaneous and neurological. Wide shape The disease is characterized by toxicosis, jaundice, hepatomegaly, pneumonia, and distress syndrome. Other forms occur with rashes and encephalitis. Sepsis may develop.

Hepatitis can cause defects of varying severity - dwarfism, retinopathy, microcephaly. More late complications developmental delay, blindness, and deafness occur.

Diagnostics

For modern medicine one of the most pressing tasks is initial stages. For this purpose, a wide range of various analyzes in order to identify pathologies - smears and cultures of flora from the vagina of a pregnant woman, PCR diagnostics, specialized laboratory tests for a complex of intrauterine diseases in newborns.

A method often used is to identify specialized markers using widely used ultrasound. This method allows you to determine low and polyhydramnios, turbidity of amniotic fluid, developmental disorders and damage to the placenta, various pathologies fetus and developmental disorders different systems child's organs.

IN postpartum period carry out a complex of various laboratory tests to confirm or refute the presence of intrauterine infections. Tests for microorganisms, viruses and bacteria are widespread. The molecular biological research method based on DNA, serological and histological analyzes are used.

In the first days of life, if an infection is suspected, the child should be examined by specialists various areas– cardiology, neurology, ophthalmology and other areas. It is recommended to carry out various studies on the reactions of the child’s body.

Treatment

Treatment of intrauterine infections is a complex of multidirectional therapies that together help cope with the disease. The main types of treatment are aimed at ridding the body of pathogens, restoring the full range of functioning of the immune system, and restoring the body after an illness.

To strengthen the immune system, immunomodulators and immunoglobulins are prescribed. Most antibiotics intended for newborns and pregnant women help fight viruses and bacteria. Restoring the body consists of getting rid of residual symptoms intrauterine infections.

Prevention

First of all, preventive examination of partners at the stage of pregnancy planning will help to avoid the occurrence of intrauterine infections. Vaccination is often used to prevent the occurrence of herpes viruses.

An important element of prevention is complete and unconditional compliance with the rules of personal and general hygiene, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, regular examinations for various infectious diseases.

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Intrauterine infections

Intrauterine infections of newborns(IUI) are infectious diseases in which pathogens from an infected mother penetrate to the fetus during pregnancy or childbirth.

In newborns, IUI manifests itself in the form of severe damage to the central nervous system, heart, and organs of vision.

The time of infection of a pregnant woman, as well as the type and virulence of the pathogen, the severity of infection, the route of penetration of the pathogen, and the nature of the course of pregnancy are important in the development of the disease.

Infection of the mother occurs from Toxoplasma-infected domestic animals and birds (cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, rabbits, chickens, turkeys), wild animals (hares, squirrels). The mechanism of transmission is fecal-oral through unwashed hands after contact with soil contaminated with animal feces, consumption of unpasteurized milk, raw or undercooked meat; hematogenous - during transfusion of infected blood products. A person infected with toxoplasmosis for others not dangerous.

Infection from mother to fetus is transmitted through the placenta only once in a lifetime, if she was infected for the first time during this pregnancy. During subsequent pregnancy or in case of past illness Before pregnancy occurs, the fetus is not infected. This is due to the fact that the mother’s body has already developed high immunological activity to this pathogen.

Damage to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy leads to miscarriages, stillbirths and severe organ damage. When infected in the third trimester of pregnancy, the fetus is less likely to become infected, the disease manifests itself in more mild form. Toxoplasmosis long time can be asymptomatic and detected in children at an older age, even at 4-14 years of age.

There are acute, subacute and chronic phases of the disease. Clinical symptoms infectious diseases are diverse and not always specific. For acute phase (generalization stage) characteristic general serious condition, fever, jaundice, enlarged liver and spleen, maculopapular rash. Possible dyspeptic disorders, interstitial pneumonia, myocarditis, intrauterine growth retardation. Damage to the nervous system is characterized by lethargy, drowsiness, nystagmus, and strabismus. The fetus becomes infected shortly before the birth of the child, and a severe infection that begins in utero continues after birth.

IN subacute phase(stage of active encephalitis) a child is born with symptoms of central nervous system damage - vomiting, convulsions, tremors, paralysis and paresis, progressive micro-, hydrocephalus are detected; changes in the eyes are observed - clouding vitreous, chorioretinitis, iridocyclitis, nystagmus, strabismus.

IN chronic phase irreversible changes in the central nervous system and eyes occur - micro-, hydrocephalus, calcifications in the brain, delayed mental, speech and physical development, epilepsy, hearing loss, atrophy optic nerve, microphthalmia, chorioretinitis. Infection of the fetus occurs in early dates, a child is born with manifestations of chronic toxoplasmosis.

Treatment. IN pyrimitamine preparations are used in treatment (chloridine, daraprim, tindurine) in combination with sulfonamides ( bactrim, sulfadimezin). Use combination drugs fansidar or Metakelfin. Effective spiramycin (rowamycin), sumamed, rulid. For active inflammation, corticosteroids are indicated. Multivitamins are a must.

To prevent toxoplasmosis, it is important to carry out sanitary education among women childbearing age, identify infected people among pregnant women (screening test at the beginning and end of pregnancy), prevent contact of pregnant women with cats and other animals;

Wash your hands thoroughly after contact with raw meat. Identified infected women are treated in the first half of pregnancy spiramycin or terminate the pregnancy.

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection. The causative agent of the disease belongs to DNA viruses from the herpes family. The disease is characterized by damage salivary glands, central nervous system and other organs with the formation in their tissues of giant cells with large intranuclear inclusions.

The source of infection is only a person (patient or virus carrier). The virus is released from an infected body in urine, saliva, secretions, blood, and less often with feces. Shedding the virus in urine can last for several years. The transmission mechanism is predominantly contact, less often airborne, enteral and sexual.

The source of infection for newborn children is mothers who are carriers of the cytomegaly virus. Viruses penetrate to the fetus through the placenta, ascending or during childbirth, to the newborn - with infected milk, during transfusion infected blood. Infection during childbirth occurs through aspiration or ingestion of infected amniotic fluid or secretions of the mother's birth canal.

Signs of the disease may be absent in pregnant women. asymptomatic form). If a latent infection is activated in a pregnant woman, a less intense infection of the placenta is observed. Due to the presence of specific IgG antibodies in the mother, less pronounced damage to the fetus is observed.

Damage to the fetus in early pregnancy leads to miscarriages and stillbirths. A child is born with developmental defects of the central nervous system, of cardio-vascular system, kidneys, lungs, thymus, adrenal glands, spleen, intestines. Organ damage is fibrocystic in nature - liver cirrhosis, biliary atresia, kidney and lung cysts, cystic fibrosis. Viremia and virus shedding during external environment is not noted because it is in a latent state.

If infection occurs shortly before birth, during labor, the child is born with generalized form disease or it develops soon after birth. It is characterized by clinical symptoms from the first hours or days of life, involvement of many organs and systems in the process: low birth weight, progressive jaundice, enlarged liver and spleen, hemorrhages - petechiae, sometimes resembling “blueberry pie” on the skin, melena, hemolytic anemia, meningoencephalitis and small cerebral calcifications around the ventricles. Chorioretinitis, cataracts, and optic neuritis are detected. When the lungs are affected, children experience persistent cough, shortness of breath and other signs of interstitial pneumonia.

Localized form develops against the background of isolated damage to the salivary glands or lungs, liver, or central nervous system.

Diagnostics. Laboratory diagnosis is based on the results of cytological, virological and serological studies. The virus is isolated in urine sediment, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid. Serological methods - RSK, PH, RPGA - confirm the diagnosis. ELISA, PCR and D NK hybridization are used.

Treatment. During treatment, you should make sure that there are no pathogens in the mother's milk. A specific anti-cytomegalovirus 10% immunoglobulin solution is used - cytotect, sandoglobulin(IgG). Use pentaglobin - IgM, KIP, antiviral drugs (cytosine arabinoside, adenine arabinoside, iododeoxyuridine, ganciclovir, foscarnet). Syndromic and symptomatic therapy is carried out.

It is important to observe the rules of personal hygiene when caring for newborns with jaundice and toxic-septic diseases. All pregnant women are examined for the presence of cytomegaly.

Today, the lion's share of pathologies in newborns is caused by intrauterine infection. But the most deplorable thing is that such infection very often leads to serious problems with the child’s health, and even to disability or the death of the baby. Timely treatment can help avoid serious consequences.

Often the mother who leads healthy image life, avoids anyone harmful influence, a child is born with serious pathologies. Why? Doctors explain this by low immunity - under any circumstances it decreases during gestation. Against the backdrop of poor reactivity of the body, hidden infectious diseases. More often, such a picture is observed in women in the first three months of pregnancy.

What exactly can threaten a newborn baby? Today, the most dangerous viruses for the fetus are:

1. Rubella.
2. Cytomegalovirus.
3. Hepatitis B.
4. Chicken pox.
5. Herpes.
6. Bacteria that cause syphilis, tuberculosis, listeriosis.

An extremely dangerous representative of the protozoan kingdom is Toxoplasma.

Let's take a closer look at each of them and the consequences of intrauterine infection in newborns.

Rubella

As for this virus, it rarely causes serious pathologies in an adult, but for an unformed baby in the womb it is very dangerous. The greatest risk for the baby is when infected before 4 months.

The expectant mother can become infected with this virus by airborne droplets. If the fetus becomes infected, the child may develop complications:

• Eye damage.
• Underdevelopment of the brain.
• Meningitis (that is, inflammation of the membranes of the brain).
• Pathologies of the cardiovascular system.
• Congenital deafness.
• Enlarged liver.
• Intradermal hemorrhages.
• Enlarged spleen.
• Pneumonia.
• Stillbirth.
• Miscarriage.

It is impossible to cure a child while he is in the womb. Therefore, it is worth checking your immunity for the presence of antibodies to this virus at another preparatory stage to and during pregnancy.

If the mother does not have immunity to rubella, then it is worth getting vaccinated when planning to conceive a child.

Cytomegalovirus

The main route of transmission of CMV is sexual. There is also the possibility of infection through saliva and blood. This virus migrates to the child only through the placenta. And it is very dangerous for the fetus if infected in the last months of pregnancy.

Possible pathologies due to intrauterine CMV infection:

• Hearing loss or absence.
• Hydrocephalus (excess fluid that puts pressure on the brain) and microcephaly.
• Increased size of the liver and spleen.
• Pneumonia.
• Blindness.
• Stillbirth.
• Miscarriage.

The consequences of intrauterine infection in newborns depend on the degree of infection: in the case of severe defeat the prognosis is unfavorable - for 30% of children there is death in the first year of life. If severe infection was avoided, then there is a high probability of giving birth to a completely healthy child.

AIDS virus

Today, doctors have achieved that an HIV-infected mother can give birth completely healthy baby. However, there is a risk of fetal infection.

Children with congenital HIV infection have very weak immunity, and without proper therapy they do not live up to a year. It is not HIV itself that kills them, but concomitant infections. Therefore, it is very important to identify the disease in a pregnant woman in time and begin therapy.

Hepatitis B

The virus that causes this disease can enter the mother's body through sexual intercourse or through the blood. It freely penetrates the placenta to the baby.

Complications in a newborn caused by the hepatitis B virus:

• Liver diseases.
• Retardation of mental and physical development.
• Miscarriage or stillbirth.

It must be remembered that in the absence of symptoms in a pregnant woman, the disease is transmitted to the baby.

Chicken pox

It would seem that this is a harmless disease that almost all of us suffered from in childhood. But chickenpox can trigger the development severe complications, if a pregnant woman becomes infected with it. The risk is especially high when experiencing the disease in the third trimester.

Intrauterine infection with chickenpox threatens:

• Characteristic rash.
• Blindness (due to optic nerve atrophy).
• Underdevelopment of the limbs.
• Pneumonia.
• Underdevelopment of the central nervous system.

The above pathologies are referred to as congenital chickenpox syndrome. A woman can become infected with chickenpox through airborne infection.

If in due time future mom I was already sick chicken pox, then upon contact with a person who has all the symptoms, she will transfer immunoglobulins to the child - creating passive immunity.

Herpes

The herpes virus, acquired sexually by the mother, is transmitted to the child when he passes through birth canal.

Consequences caused by this disease:

• Characteristic rash.
• Increased body temperature.
• Pneumonia.
• Yellowness of the skin.
• Congenital anomalies of eye development.
• Brain pathologies.
• Miscarriage and stillbirth.

The herpes virus poses a great danger to the baby’s central nervous system. If brain damage occurs, meningitis, encephalitis, hydrocephalus, etc. develop. Such children have an increased risk of developing cerebral palsy. Congenital herpetic infection in this case, it does not appear immediately, but after about a month.

This virus is also characterized by transplacental transmission.

Syphilis

When a pregnant woman is infected with syphilis, there is a maximum chance that the fetus will also be infected. The expectant mother can only catch the disease through sexual intercourse. If, when hard chancre appears (the first stage of syphilis), you do not immediately begin treatment, then the following consequences are possible for the child:

• Delayed mental and physical development.
• Yellowness of the skin.
• Rash.
• Pathologies eyeballs ears, resulting in deafness and blindness.
• Underdevelopment of the limbs.
• Damage to tooth germs.
• Premature birth, stillbirth.

Even in the absence obvious signs If a woman has syphilis, the fetus can become infected, so monitoring the mother’s health is mandatory both when planning pregnancy and at all its stages.

Tuberculosis

One of the most dangerous infections for a child is the causative agent of tuberculosis. If the mother was already sick with tuberculosis before pregnancy, then it is possible to carry and give birth to a healthy child only under the careful supervision of doctors. Many forms of tuberculosis and its combinations with other diseases serve as a reason for termination of pregnancy for medical reasons.

If a woman becomes infected during pregnancy (tuberculosis is spread by airborne droplets), there is a possibility of giving birth to a child already sick with tuberculosis.

Listeriosis

A pregnant woman can encounter listeriosis by eating low-quality meat and dairy products, unwashed vegetables and through dirty hands after contact with animals. If for the mother infection with Listeria can pass unnoticed or with minor intestinal disorders, then penetrating the placenta, this bacterium causes a number of complications in the baby:

• Rash, ulcers on the skin.
• Sepsis.
• Brain lesions.
• Premature birth and stillbirth.

With any manifestations of such an infection in newborns, the prognosis is disappointing (about 40% of infants survive).

Toxoplasmosis

Consequences of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women:

• Brain lesions (meningitis, encephalitis, hydrocephalus).
• Blindness.
• Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly.
• Delayed mental and physical development.
• Premature birth, spontaneous abortion, miscarriage.

It is easy to avoid any of these infections - just take a responsible approach to the choice of sexual partners, maintain your immunity and regularly visit the doctor during pregnancy planning and the entire period of its management. Timely tests will help prevent the development of such terrible consequences.

The deterioration of the baby's health is provoked by intrauterine infections during gestation.

Description of the disease

Predominance in female body pathogens that tend to provoke inflammatory processes in the genitals and other systems is called intrauterine infection (IUI). The most negative of the disease is the possibility of infecting the unborn fetus in the female body. The factor that infects the fetus is the blood that circulates throughout the body of the woman and the conceived child.

This is the most basic route of infection, but the possibility of infection entering the body of a conceived child through the birth canal cannot be ruled out. The disease is predominantly detected in women who lead an unhygienic lifestyle, but not in all cases. So, let's look at what types of infections there are and how they enter the fetus's body?

Types of intrauterine infections

Infection is a flexible concept, so the main causative agents of this disease are:

If during infection the female body is also affected by the following additional factors, then problems not only with your own, but also with the baby’s health after birth cannot be avoided. Additional factors are:

1. Constant influence of mental shocks.
2. Work in production with higher standards harmfulness.
3. With the predominance of chronic diseases.
4. Consumption of alcohol, tobacco or drugs.

The risk of a child’s illness also increases if the predominant pathogen is in the woman’s body for the first time. Thus, not only the woman during pregnancy is at risk, but also her little inhabitants in the tummy.

Description of the IUI

Let us consider in more detail information about the causative agents of intrauterine infections. So, in medicine, the group of causative agents of this disease is called TORCH. What does this mean? Each letter of this abbreviation hides the name of the pathogen:

T – toxoplasmosis;
O - other or from English. Others. The other group includes: syphilis, chlamydia, hepatitis, measles, etc.;
R – Rubella or rubella;
C – cytomegalovirus pathogen;
H – Herpes.

Let's pay attention to those that are especially dangerous, and often predominant in the female body, and consider their main characteristics.

Toxoplasmosis - this type infection is known all over the world. First of all, it is worth mentioning that toxoplasmosis is the most dangerous pathogen. And this virus hides mainly in domestic animals. A woman can become infected after eating the meat of an infected animal, or through blood and skin.

The risk of infection increases if a woman has not had pets throughout her life. In this case, any contact with an infected animal causes consequences in the form of infection of the body. To eliminate the possibility of infection of the body with the toxoplasmosis virus, it is necessary to have contact with pets since childhood.

Chlamydia is an infection that can be transmitted through sexual intercourse. To reduce the risk of infection with chlamydia, you must use a condom during sexual intercourse.

Chlamydia during pregnancy is detected quite simply: for this, a smear is removed from the vagina and taken for analysis. If the analysis shows positive result, then you should immediately begin appropriate treatment, which you can learn more about in the final sections of the article. It is imperative that if chlamydia is detected in a pregnant woman, it is also worth taking a test from her sexual partner and, if necessary, undergoing treatment. If the infection was detected already during pregnancy, then infection of the fetus is possible. But if the expectant mother is cured in time, then the child will not be in any danger.

Rubella is a disease that most often manifests itself in childhood. You get rubella once in a lifetime, and therefore if a woman did not have it in childhood and plans to join her family, then she should take care of getting a vaccine against the causative agent of this disease. The risk of contracting rubella without vaccination is very high, and the consequences will be very serious. The child is not excluded from developing pathological abnormalities, and signs of predominant intrauterine infection in a baby may appear even 1-2 years after birth. A blood test can detect the presence of rubella.

Cytomegalovirus - refers to bacterial microorganisms from the group of herpes viruses. The risk of infection is primarily determined by the period of gestation, but in rare cases it can also be provoked during childbirth. For a woman, the signs of the disease are practically invisible, which cannot be said about a child. Immediately after birth, on days 2-3, symptoms of intrauterine infection in a newborn baby become noticeable.

Herpes is the final IUI. First of all, it is worth noting that infection of the fetus with the herpes virus occurs through the birth canal, that is, when the child is born. If during pregnancy the predominance of the herpes virus in a woman’s body is diagnosed, then childbirth is carried out according to the method Caesarean section. This is done to eliminate the risk of infection entering the fetus’s body when it is born.

Thus, each of the above pathogens of IUI has characteristic features. But why is such an infection dangerous, and what serious consequences can arise? To do this, consider the danger of IUI.

Consequences and dangers of IUI

The causative agents of IUI are common microbacteria that affect every person and mainly in childhood, therefore protecting children from various diseases eating is wrong. Strengthening the immune system is formed not on the basis of taking vitamins (this is how immunity is supported), but through meeting with various types bacteria. It cannot be said that if a child does not get sick in childhood, then he has strong immunity. It’s just that his parents carefully protect him from the influence of negative factors.

Based on this, it is worth noting that if a woman, as a girl, had contact with IUI viruses, then, consequently, her immunity has developed an “antidote.” A woman can get sick again, but the risk of complications and development of IUI will be minimal.

Depending on when infection occurs, negative consequences are caused.

1. If infection occurs from the beginning of conception until the 12th week, the consequences can be the most unfavorable: the risk of miscarriage, the occurrence of pathologies or malformations of the fetus cannot be excluded.
2. If the infection was provoked between 12 and 28 weeks of pregnancy, then the risk group for developing IUI does not decrease, and the consequences will be even more dangerous. In this case, there is a possibility of having a child with a heart defect or low birth weight.
3. If the infection occurred mainly on later pregnancy, the consequences can be tragic. IUI will have a direct negative impact on the already formed organs of the fetus, thereby causing their pathology. If measures are not taken, the baby may be born with ailments of the liver, lungs, heart or brain.

In addition, the possibility of infection of the genitourinary tract, encephalitis, meningitis and hepatitis cannot be ruled out. But the symptoms of these diseases do not appear primarily immediately, but several months after birth.

While kidney or liver diseases can be treated, abnormalities in the brain are difficult to diagnose and are not at all curable. In this case, the child may experience developmental deviations as he grows up. Often, IUI forms the causes of disability, so in order to eliminate such consequences and risk factors, it is worth taking appropriate measures.

Symptoms of the disease

It is very important to know the signs of the disease in order to identify them in time and take appropriate measures. First of all, in order to eliminate the risk of infection of the body, it is necessary to adhere to the test schedule. It is the analysis of blood and urine that gives a clear picture of the predominance of foreign bodies in the body of a pregnant woman. If the test is taken periodically, the risk group for contracting IUI is reduced. Even if something is discovered on early stage infection, then the virus can be eliminated without any problems, even without resorting to taking antibiotics.

To identify the development of IUI, it is necessary to take a blood and urine test, as well as undergo a medical examination. During the physical examination, a picture of inflammation and redness of the cervix and vagina will be observed. But examination in rare cases reveals infection of the body. What you should really rely on is blood and urine tests.

If they were not identified in time signs of IUI in a woman during pregnancy, the disease can affect the child with the following symptoms:

• Low birth weight (up to 2 kg or less).
• Developmental delay (physical and mental).
• Lethargy.
• The appearance of rash and jaundice.
• Insufficiency of the cardiovascular and nervous systems.
• Decreased appetite and pale facial skin.
• Frequent regurgitation of food.

All listed signs appear mainly on the third day after birth, and if infection occurs during childbirth, symptoms will appear immediately.

How does infection occur?

The most common routes of infection for IUI are blood and the birth canal. The method of infection depends, first of all, on the pathogen: if the infection is provoked through the sexual tract, the infection will reach the fetus through the fallopian tubes or vagina. If the rubella virus, endometritis or toxoplasmosis predominates in a pregnant woman, infection of the fetus occurs through the blood circulation, through the amniotic membrane or waters.

The woman herself may be at risk of infection if she comes into contact with a sick person, during sexual relations, or through drinking raw water or unprocessed food. If simple hygiene measures are not followed, then the possibility of infection cannot be ruled out.

Treatment

Treatment is prescribed only if the disease is correctly diagnosed. Diagnostics involves the following procedures:

– take a blood test;
– vaginal smear analysis;
- Analysis of urine.

When the type of infection is determined, appropriate treatment is prescribed.

Depending on each individual case, personalized treatment is prescribed under the strict supervision of a doctor to eliminate the risk of developing pathologies.

Prevention

Prevention of the development of IUI should, first of all, include full examination both partners who are planning to conceive a child. It also wouldn’t hurt to get vaccinated to prevent the risk of contracting the herpes virus.

Everything else according to standard scheme: maintaining hygiene, correct and healthy diet, protection during sexual intercourse, treatment of all infectious diseases, refusal bad habits. If you follow all these points, the risk of developing IUI will be reduced to zero.