Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of hemolytic staphylococcus. Hemolytic staphylococcus

Hemolytic staphylococcus is a bacterium that is widespread in nature and among the world's population. It is believed that about ¾ of people are carriers of this microorganism.

For people with strong immunity, hemolytic staphylococcus is not dangerous; it can be part of the opportunistic microflora of the human body and not reveal itself in any way. But under certain conditions, the bacterium is capable of exhibiting pathological activity, resulting in the likelihood of the development of negative processes. The main danger of this type of staphylococcus is that it causes purulent inflammatory diseases, for example, such as tonsillitis and pharyngitis. Hemolytic staphylococcus can infect almost the entire body, but most often the bacterium develops in the upper respiratory tract. It must be remembered that treatment of diseases caused by this bacterium is more difficult and lengthy.

The pathological effect of the bacterium mainly manifests itself in people with weakened immune systems, as well as against the background of an acute viral infection.

Routes of infection

The bacterium staphylococcus haemolyticus is transmitted through direct contact. The following routes of infection are distinguished:

1. Contact, through household and household items, through a handshake. There is a greater chance of becoming infected from people who have open purulent violations of the integrity of the skin (wounds, abrasions).
2. Airborne. The bacteria spreads to the outside environment when an infected person talks, sneezes or coughs.
3. Food route, infection occurs through products. Food contamination is carried out by contact from the carrier of the bacterium, which can be a person or an animal.
4. Hemocontact. This mechanism of infection transmission is due to the use of medical instruments; if they are improperly processed, the likelihood of infection increases.

Risk factors that increase the possibility of infection include:

• violation of hygiene standards and rules;
• chronic diseases and inflammatory processes in the body;
• dysbacteriosis;
• weak immunity;
• ARVI;
• uncontrolled use of antibacterial drugs.

Children, the elderly, pregnant women, people with immune diseases and chronic infections, representatives of the lower strata of the population.

It is quite easy for this microbe to penetrate the human body, but it is much more difficult to get rid of it. Hemolytic staphylococcus is also known for being highly resistant to antibiotics.

How does this type of staphylococcus manifest?

At the moment, more than 20 types of staphylococcus are known, but only 4 of them can have a serious negative effect on the human body. These include hemolytic staphylococcus. There are no specific signs of the presence of this bacterium, but there are various symptoms diseases that its active reproduction leads to. These include:

• inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, accompanied by pain, redness of the throat, purulent plaque on the tonsils, purulent discharge from the sinuses;
• damage to the genitourinary system, cystitis, which is manifested by “cutting” pain, frequent urination;
• endocarditis caused by staphylococcus is characterized by inflammation in the area of ​​the heart muscle;
• inflammation of the respiratory system, which is manifested by the discharge of purulent sputum during coughing, and heaviness of breathing is observed;
• damage to the epidermis is manifested by the appearance of ulcers, boils, and abscesses.

The above pathologies are also accompanied by varying intensity pain syndrome, general weakness, drowsiness, lack of appetite.

Treatment methods for hemolytic staphylococcus

Treatment for this type of bacteria begins with medical examination. The patient needs to undergo tests. The main study is bacterial culture. This type of analysis allows you to detect hidden pathological microorganisms. As a rule, the result of bacterial culture can be assessed after a week. Materials for analysis can be:

1. Skin swab. The material for research is taken from the surface of purulent formations that have arisen on the surface of the epidermis.
2. . Biological material taken from the patient's urethra.
3. Oral and nasopharyngeal swab, before the procedure oral cavity and the nose is washed. The material is taken on an empty stomach or at least 3 hours after eating.
4. Feces. It is recommended to collect the sample in special sterile containers.
5. Urine. The material is collected in the morning; an average portion of urine is suitable for analysis.

If staphylococcus is detected in the culture, then its sensitivity to certain antibiotics is determined. After assessing the test results, appropriate treatment is prescribed. If therapy needs to be started urgently, before receiving the results of the study, then drugs from the group of protective penicillins are used.

It is prohibited to use antibacterial drugs without a doctor’s prescription and supervision; such an action can seriously harm your health.

If antibiotic therapy does not bring results, then a bacteriophage or toxoid is used against hemolytic staphylococcus. Also, in some cases, it is necessary to treat not only the active phase of bacterial reproduction - it is recommended to immunize with a special toxoid.

Treatment of the disease includes the use of symptomatic medications, such as drugs to relieve inflammation and fever. Depending on where the bacteria is localized, other methods are used: rinsing the nose, gargling and mouthwash, treating ulcers and boils with special substances. It is worth noting that staphylococcus is treated with Furacilin, Chlorhexidine, Chlorophyllipt.

The duration of therapy depends on the severity of the disease, and only the doctor can decide on completion therapeutic measures, based on analyzes and general condition sick.

Hemolytic staphylococcus causes many diseases in men. Pathologies caused by staphylococcus occur in humans in hidden form. Identify the disease early stages possible by undergoing a medical examination. Treatment of staphylococcus should be carried out on early development to avoid complications.

What does a bacterium look like?

Hemolytic staphylococcus is a spherical microorganism. The size of an adult bacterium reaches 1.2 microns. Microorganisms settle in small colonies. Under a microscope, the colony looks like a bunch of grapes. Hemolytic staphylococcus belongs to the class of bacteria, the order of bacilli. The bacterium is pathogenic microflora male body.

On fast growth colonies are influenced by the immune system. With a decrease in local immunity, staphylococcus begins to actively multiply and feed on the tissues in the damaged area. Hemolytic staphylococcus causes tissue necrosis and infection circulatory system. The bacterium is highly resistant to many antibiotics and tolerates temperature changes well. As the temperature rises environment up to 70 degrees, staphylococcus can live up to 12 hours. Due to the bacteria's resistance to antibiotic therapy, the disease is difficult to cure.

Pathologies indicating the presence of bacteria

Hemolytic staphylococcus cannot be detected independently. A bacterium can only be recognized if it is present the following diseases for men:

• The appearance of boils on different areas skin;
• The presence of a purulent abscess in the larynx;
• Eczema of various etiologies;
• Cutaneous neurodermatitis;
• Blepharic eye damage;
• Development of pneumonia with lung damage;
• Inflammatory processes in hair follicles;
• Necrosis of the kidneys and gallbladder;
• Purulent inflammation of brain tissue;
• Septic blood poisoning.

The bacterium affects the occurrence of complications. When a man's ears are infected with staphylococcus, purulent otitis media. If the bacteria gets on the mucous membrane of the nose and pharynx, there may be purulent sore throats and sinusitis. The danger of bacteria lies in the development purulent infection and antibiotic resistance. The most severe pathology caused by hemolytic staphylococcus is sepsis. If you do not apply for it in a timely manner outpatient treatment, the man may die.

Causes of bacterial infection

The development of bacterial colonies is affected by a decrease in immune system men. Staphylococcus can cause secondary infection of the tissue. Thus, when wounds appear on the body, the bacterium provokes the formation of suppuration in the tissue. In the affected organ or tissue, the bacterium settles in place of the dead microflora. Since the microorganism is capable of causing necrosis, the cells in the affected area die and purulent inflammation appears. Staphylococcus causes severe poisoning of damaged tissue due to the exotoxin it produces.

In men, the occurrence of infection is influenced by following reasons:

1. Failure to comply with personal hygiene rules;
2. The presence of various injuries on the body;
3. Weakening of the immune system;
4. Infectious diseases of various etiologies.

Hemolytic staphylococcus causes infection of the genitourinary system in men. The bacterium enters the urinary canal from external environment. Staphylococcus causes cystitis and purulent urethritis. In some men, staphylococcus causes purulent lesions of the external genitalia. The cause of genitourinary tract infections is most often tight underwear.

Methods to combat bacteria

Hemolytic staphylococcus is difficult to treat. This is due to some characteristics of the microorganism.

The bacterium has high vitality. The microorganism can survive repeated freezing and thawing. Sunlight does not have a detrimental effect on staphylococcus. Bacteria tolerate drying in medical ovens well. After drying, the bacterium remains viable for five months. The death of microorganisms occurs when they are boiled and exposed to a 5% phenol solution. Staphylococcus completely disappears when local application brilliant green.

To treat infections caused by hemolytic staphylococcus, a narrow range of antibiotic drugs and special drug containing a bacteriophage. Taking immune medications helps achieve rapid positive results in therapy.

Elimination of infection by bacteriophage

Bacteriophagic drugs have high activity against staphylococcus. For therapy, a bacterium that feeds on staphylococcus is used. To prescribe a bacteriophage, it is necessary to find out the strain of staphylococcus that caused the infection. After the disease is accurately determined, the man is administered the drug. Methods for introducing bacteriophage are varied and depend on the location of the colonies. Positive results bacteriophagic treatment has shown the following pathologies:

• Otitis, purulent lesions of the pharynx and sinusitis;
• Purulent abscesses;
• Staphylococcal intestinal damage;
• Genitourinary diseases;
• Furunculosis of soft tissues;
• Folliculitis.

For the treatment of otitis media, diluted liquid bacteriophage is used. The drug is used drip-wise auricle. The procedure is carried out over a five-day period with daily instillation of the bacteriophage.

For purulent sore throat, viable bacteria in their pure form are used. The drug is used to irrigate the pharynx and mouth. Therapy lasts 10 days. Irrigation is carried out twice during the day. After taking the drug, you should not take food or water for an hour.

For intestinal dysbiosis and infections gastrointestinal tract The bacteriophage is used in the form of tablets. The tablet form has an enteric coating. The shell dissolves when it enters the intestine, and the bacterium enters the mucous tissue. The duration of treatment depends on the degree of damage to the gastrointestinal tract, but does not exceed two weeks. When staphylococcus penetrates the large intestine, a man is prescribed the use of enemas with a solution of the medicinal substance.

For the treatment of staphylococcus in genitourinary system A pure liquid solution of bacteria is used. The drug is administered through a special catheter. Treatment must be carried out in a hospital. The death of the microorganism occurs on the third day of treatment with the bacteriophage. For infections of the external genitalia in men, lotions are used. If there is suppuration on the affected area, then brilliant green is applied together with the bacteriophage.

Follicular suppuration and furunculosis require complex treatment. The man is prescribed to take the drug orally and inject it with a bacteriophage. The affected area is injected with the drug locally. For quick treatment five procedures are required. Local injection is carried out every other day in the hospital. Taking a bacteriophage helps kill staphylococcus from the inside.

An abscess can only be treated by a specialist. To begin the procedure, the purulent film is removed from the area affected by the abscess and all the liquid is removed. If the suppuration is deep in the larynx, the wound is cleaned using a catheter. After thoroughly drying the wound, a bacteriophage solution is applied. If it is impossible to reach the affected area, then an intravenous infusion of the drug is performed. The medicine is administered through the system over 3–5 days.

Drug therapy

Staphylococcus is difficult to treat with antibiotic drugs. If, during bacterial inoculation, the microorganism shows activity in relation to a wide range of antibiotics, then the staphylococcus may not die when used. In the modern pharmaceutical industry, three antibiotics have been developed that are effective against staphylococcal infection for men:

• Vancomycin in the form of a solution for intravenous administration;
• Daptomycin;

Vancomycin has wide range actions. The effectiveness of the drug is related to its mechanism of action. Medicinal substance affects the bacterial membrane, is able to change the structure of RNA, makes staphylococcus inactive. For treatment, powder is used to prepare a solution. The drug should be prepared immediately before the procedure. The use of vancomycin is not always advisable. A man may have a history of contraindications to use. So, the drug is not prescribed for neuritis ear canal, availability renal failure. Before using vancomycin, a man is tested for susceptibility. The antibiotic is highly toxic and poorly tolerated. Treatment of staphylococcus with vancomycin takes five days.

Daptomycin was developed relatively recently. The drug belongs to cyclic lipopeptides. The drug substance is used in the form of systems. Daptomycin causes a depolarization process in cell membrane staphylococcus. When peptide synthesis is rapidly inhibited, the microorganism dies. Antibiotic treatment is carried out in a hospital, since the drug causes various side effects. The drug is not used in men with toxic kidney damage. Daptomycin therapy is carried out for five days and causes complete death of the bacterium. Since the drug has a narrow spectrum of action, it has a high cost. The price for one bottle of daptomycin reaches 7100 rubles.

Linezolid is prescribed to a man if vancomycin is ineffective. The medicine is available in the form of solutions for intravenous administration and pills. It is used for the treatment of hemolytic staphylococcus in men. intravenous solution. Therapy is carried out over a five-day period. The infusion is given once a day. The drip is administered slowly and should take at least 30 minutes. Lisenolide is used to treat infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. The drug has a high cost. One bottle of medicine can cost 4 thousand rubles. The drug substance interacts with tyrol. It is prohibited to take beer drinks and smoked products during the entire treatment.

Self-administration of antibiotics can lead to complications.

A man needs to know the availability chronic diseases And pathological processes in organism. All drugs are toxic to the kidneys. If therapy is carried out without medical supervision, a man may experience necrosis of the kidney tissue.

Prevention of disease

Infection with hemolytic staphylococcus can be avoided. A man must strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene. If wounds or skin injuries are detected, you must immediately use an antibacterial solution or brilliant green. When visiting public places Wet antibacterial wipes should be used. If a man with a staphylococcal infection lives in the house, all family members should use individual towels and utensils. A man should choose underwear that is not tight and made from natural materials. You can use antibacterial gel or soap to wash your body. After visiting the street, you should wash your hands and be sure to check for wounds and abrasions on your body.

If a man notices frequent purulent diseases, then he needs to consult a specialist for advice. Bacterial culture will help identify the cause of the disease.

Staphylococcus is the most common microbe on earth. The majority of the planet's inhabitants are carriers of this bacterium. As a rule, the presence of staphylococcus in the body does not manifest itself in any way. However, with unsanitary conditions, overcrowding, unhealthy food staphylococcus begins its negative impact. With reduced immunity, staphylococcus in the nasopharynx or on the skin, especially in children, is a risk of developing serious illnesses. Staphylococcus is capable of producing toxins, thereby disrupting the vital activity of cells of the mucous membranes and skin. Often it is with a staphylococcal infection that they begin the most dangerous diseases, including sepsis, pneumonia, purulent skin diseases, severe intoxication of the body.

The most common are the following:

· saprophytic staphylococcus;

Staphylococcus aureus;

Staphylococcus epidermidis;

· hemolytic staphylococcus.

According to experts, most often staphylococcus affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. For example, hemolytic staphylococcus is the causative agent of sore throat. It is detected when bacteriological research discharge from the throat of patients with tonsillitis in 70% of cases. Therefore, many doctors consider sore throat or as a type of staphylococcal infection. In patients with angina several times more often than in healthy people, an increase in the level of staphylococcal antibodies is detected. In chronic tonsillitis, hemolytic staphylococcus is cultured in approximately 50% of cases.

The main typical manifestations of a staphylococcal infection in the throat are enlargement and hyperemia (redness) of the tonsils, as well as pain when swallowing. IN childhood tonsil damage caused by hemolytic streptococcus can be complicated by otitis media, inflammation and scarlet fever.

Transmission of staphylococcal infection occurs through contact. By the way, it is worth noting that hemolytic staphylococcus is quite resistant. There are cases when bacteria persist on the tonsils and nasopharynx in a dormant state even after a course of treatment for hemolytic staphylococcus, and, accordingly, can be transmitted to the most susceptible people. The incubation (latent) period of the disease lasts about two days.

Consistent treatment of hemolytic staphylococcus guarantees the absence of subsequent serious complications (rheumatism, nephritis, sepsis and a number of other dangerous diseases).

The process of treating hemolytic staphylococcus is not easy, but a cure is quite possible, you just have to make sure that the bacteria do not develop resistance to the antibiotic used. Having prescribed it, the doctor will most likely recommend systemic treatment hemolytic staphylococcus in combination with antibiotics, immunomodulatory agents and drugs that restore normal microflora in organism.

All medications prescribed by the doctor according to the regimen must be taken. In addition, it is important that the course of treatment is completed in full. Otherwise, the remaining hemolytic staphylococci become resistant to antibiotics and are practically invulnerable to standard antibacterial treatment. And only after passing full course therapy, by retaking the tests, you can be sure that the fight against bacteria is completed and the body is healthy. Remember main principle therapy of hemolytic staphylococcus - increasing immunity.

Take care of yourself, strengthen your body, eat well, play sports, relax fresh air. Strong immunity - reliable defender from any bacteria.

Staphylococcus is a harmful microorganism. When it enters the human body, toxins and enzymes are produced, which can lead to the emergence of a variety of dangerous diseases.

That is why, when staphylococcus appears, it is necessary to promptly treat the person.

Hemolytic staphylococcus, which is most often treated with antibiotics, is a dangerous bacterium. This pathogen in the human body causes infectious and inflammatory reactions.

Treatment with antibiotics

Since the bacterium is resistant to antibacterial drugs, treatment is carried out with antibiotics. The most common reception is:

Women and men can take antibiotics for staphylococcus.

Contraindications to certain medications are individual.

That is why the selection of antibiotics should be carried out only by a doctor.

Attention! During pregnancy, the use of antibiotics is not recommended. That is why women are prescribed symptomatic therapy.

The most common application is medicinal products, with the help of which the throat is irrigated. Women are also prescribed antibacterial drugs from staphylococcus in the intestines, which do not affect the development of the child.

Antibiotics are the most effective for staphylococcus in the intestines. If there are contraindications to them, it is recommended to take antibacterial medicine for Staphylococcus aureus in the intestines, which is prescribed by the doctor.

Consequences

If hemolytic staphylococcus is not treated in a timely manner, this can lead to quite serious complications. The most common occurrence in patients is seizures.

Untimely treatment of the disease can lead to the development of a lung abscess. Some patients experience the appearance of pleural empyema.

A complication of staphylococcus can manifest itself in the form of endocarditis.

On late stages the infectious process may be accompanied by meningitis.

Incorrect treatment pathological condition may lead to loss of voice in the patient.

Fever also falls into the category of complications during the development of an infectious process.

Conclusion

Staphylococcus belongs to the category of quite serious pathological processes that appear against the background of the penetration of bacteria into the body. The disease is accompanied by a variety of symptoms and requires timely treatment.

Otherwise, quite serious complications may develop. That is why patients are advised to promptly seek medical help.

In contact with

Staphylococci are a large group of bacteria that cause a variety of infectious diseases in humans, accompanied by intractable complications. This category of bacteria belongs to Staphylococcus haemolyticus. The parameters of the bacterium are approximately 1 micron. They belong to the group of gram-positive cocci. Bacteria have a spherical configuration. They are found in men in the form of uneven clusters, reminiscent in structure of a bunch of grapes.

Their harmful effect is based on the release of an exotoxin, which has a hemolytic, necrotic effect on the body.

In humans, Staphylococcus haemolyticus can cause the following diseases:

• endocarditis, sepsis, skin lesions;
• various purulent inflammations of organs;
• cystitis, urethral infection.

Traits of staphylococcal infection in men

Main causes of the disease:

• abscesses (suppuration) are likely;
• boils appear;
• carbuncles are formed;
• blepharitis;
• dermatitis of various types;
• osteomyelitis;
• there are signs of pyoderma, pneumonia;
• folliculitis forms;
• appendicitis is observed;
• sycosis appears;
• signs of cholecystitis and periostitis are likely to occur;
• meningitis.

Staphylococci can also cause secondary lesions in the case of smallpox, suppuration after operations, and infection of various wounds on the body. In children, Staphylococcus haemolyticus causes signs of staphylococcal pneumonia and sepsis. Such diseases are dangerous for them due to their own complications. They often lead to death.

In the case of combined damage, staphylococci, in parallel with streptococci, can cause the following diseases:

• sore throat;
• flu;
• tuberculosis;
• actinomycosis;
• suppuration in case of wound infection;
• diphtheria;
• various forms of respiratory tract infection.

Staphylococci, by their own influence, significantly impair the functionality of the immune system of men. She becomes unable to adequately respond to infection. For the formation of such bacteria, damage to the male skin– this is the most favorable area, which is facilitated by violation of hygiene rules, splinters, and small wounds.

Staphylococci are given the opportunity to penetrate various tissues and organs without any barriers:

• deterioration of immunity in general, hypovitaminosis;
• poor nutrition;
• stress.

This can lead to signs of osteomyelitis. As a result of the penetration of such viruses into the male chest arises purulent mastitis. Bacteria enter the lungs, ear cavities, and sinuses through Airways. Staphylococcus various types at the same time they act together, which leads to simultaneous infection human body various ailments.

Damage to the gland by staphylococcus

• hematogenously - microbes in the prostate secretion can appear with blood from organs infected with staphylococcus;
• infection with staphylococcus prostate can occur as a result of sexual intercourse;
• as a result medical manipulations prostate;
• as a result of non-compliance infected person hygiene rules.

Staphylococcus can cause in men chronic diseases. Acute infections genital and urinary canals can be replaced by recurrent, weakly flowing Staphylococcus infections prostate. This process may be caused by ineffective treatment acute form, weak immunity. This, in turn, can lead to chronicity in patients who were given large doses for the prescribed period. antimicrobial agents.

Staphylococcus can cause prostate damage together with other infectious microorganisms. Such a combination of viruses in prostate secretion can be logically explained - staphylococcus and gonococcus are sexually transmitted.

The disease may be the result of bacterial unions, which is difficult to cure. Microorganisms exchange plasmins, as a result of which they help themselves resist antibiotic therapy. Some types of such unions function synergistically, inhibiting the immunity of the affected prostate, strengthening their own position.

A difficult case of prostate condition is when Staphylococcus requires two antibiotics to kill one pathogen. In the case of mixed prostate infection, it is necessary to use several types of antimicrobial agents. It is also necessary to take into account that the combination of staphylococcus can be not only with bacteria, but also with protozoa. In both cases you need different approach. It is also worth considering the factors that caused the disease; it may be necessary to stimulate the immune system.

Treatment of infections caused by staphylococci

Reasons that make it difficult to fight this type of bacteria:

• such bacteria are not affected by sunlight;
• These viruses are resistant to drying;
• bacteria are not afraid of most chemicals;
• bacteria thrive at subzero temperatures.

If dried, bacteria can live for another six months; if exposed to dust, they can last up to three months. Also, staphylococci do not die if they are frozen, thawed, and then re-frozen. When exposed to direct sunlight, such viruses can only survive for a few hours.

The bacteria tolerate heating up to 72° for an hour and a half. If the temperature is increased by 10°C, staphylococci can still live for 12-60 minutes and die instantly in boiling water.

With the help of a 5% phenolic mixture, staphylococci can be destroyed within thirty minutes. A similar result occurs with the use of aniline dyes, to which bacteria are very sensitive. For similar pathogenic viruses V to a greater extent affects green diamond dye, used on human skin to destroy ulcers caused by staphylococci.

In modern medicine, the following methods are used to destroy such viruses:

• various types of surgical interventions;
• treatment procedure using antimicrobial agents, antibiotics;
• modulation immune treatment;
• using mineral preparations, various food additives, vitamins that normalize hormonal status, optimizing metabolic process in the human body.

Most effective method Treatment of diseases of men initiated by staphylococcus today is the use of bacteriophages that are capable of destroying microorganisms that arise as a result of infectious lesions of the human body.

The preparation used is a filter for phagolysate, which exhibits high activity against staphylococcal organisms of various types. The main condition for using a specific bacteriophage is to establish its effect on the strain of bacteria isolated from the patient that must be exterminated. After receiving a positive response to the phage analysis, it is introduced into the patient. Most often, such therapy is carried out over 16 days.

Methods of phage administration depend on the characteristics of the infectious lesion and are divided into the following types:

• intradermal injections;
• insertion between joints;
• introduction through the bladder of the urine excretion system using a catheter;
• tamponing.

If relapses of the disease are observed repeatedly, the process of treatment with bacteriophages is prolonged. When irrigating with liquid phage, the infected area is moistened. For greater effectiveness in such purulent lesions, parallel administration of the phage through the patient’s oral cavity is recommended. The duration of the treatment process is up to twenty days.

If staphylococci are found to be involved in suppuration, inflammation of the ear, nose, and throat, then the bacteriophage is administered by rinsing and instilling the cavity of the infected organ. When boils form in men, the liquid phage is injected directly onto the infected area and applied around it. Injections are given every day with increasing doses of the drug. Throughout the entire treatment process in a similar way About 5 injections are performed. The duration of treatment is about a week.

If chronic osteomyelitis is diagnosed after surgery, the drug is poured into the wound. If a bacteriophage is used to remove deep forms pyodermatitis, then intradermal infusion is carried out into the affected area.

If there are many such foci, the dose of the drug increases and is distributed evenly over all areas infected with staphylococcus. The patient is provided with capillary drainage to administer the phage. The procedure is repeated every other day, up to four injections.

Prevention

Prevention of wounds in men after surgery is carried out by irrigation with bacteriophages. If it is necessary to prevent intrauterine staphylococcal infection, then the drug is administered by enema twice a day. The duration of such therapy is a week. Similar standards apply in the case of prevention of sepsis, enterocolitis in infants, and in case of danger of an epidemic within the clinic initiated by staphylococci.

Aerosol phages are used to irrigate the source of skin lesions, in case of burns, infection of wounds, purulent inflammation, as a result of sore throat.

The bacteriophage is most effectively used in case of infection with a strain of antibiotic-resistant staphylococcus. In this case, it is recommended to carry out a combined course of treatment using antibacterial agents, phages, antibiotics. It should be taken into account that before using the phage, the affected area must be treated with 2% soda solution if the patient was previously given antibiotics.

There are no contraindications to the use of bacteriophage. In case of injection, local irritation (redness) may be observed, which passes fairly quickly. There are cases inflammatory process, which do not pose a danger, disappear after a few days, which is the norm.