Blood from a vein is a tumor marker for the cervix. Blood test for oncomarker SCC: interpretation and norm

Cervical cancer is a disease that is getting younger every year. The age of the diseased women is 20-40 years. There is no symptomatic picture in the early stages, which complicates timely diagnosis. The only way identify oncology at the beginning of tumor formation - analysis for a tumor marker for cervical cancer.

Protein substances are called tumor markers. They are synthesized in cell structures from the beginning of their transformation into a cancer cell. The amount in the blood of markers characteristic of oncological neoplasms increases with any changes in the state of health - during colds, influenza, after excessive physical activity. Can affect the amount of marker bad habits- Smoking and alcohol addiction. The smallest amount of protein is found in healthy person.

Tumor markers for cervical cancer increase in concentration as the tumor grows. Some of the protein substances enter the blood, due to which they can be detected through laboratory analysis.

Cancer marker detection is a way primary diagnosis RShM. Indications for research for the determination of oncomarkers are:

• suspicion of oncology that arose during a gynecological examination;
• symptomatic picture indicating carcinoma or cancer of the uterus;
• examination after resection of the neoplasm;
• prognosis after oncology treatment;
• high risk of relapse.

In cervical cancer, a timely analysis helps to determine relapses of preclinical stages.

Types of markers for cervical cancer

Examination of a patient with suspected development of uterine cancer includes the detection of the following parameters:

• SCCA, squamous cell carcinoma antigen;
• CA-125 is a marker of ovarian oncology and metastases;
• hCG - human beta chorionic gonadotropin;
• CEA, cancer embryonic antigen;
• CA 27-29 is a breast cancer marker.

An elevated concentration of one or more markers indicates uterine cancer. To make a diagnosis and determine the type of tumor, in addition to determining the concentration of markers, you will need to undergo additional detailed diagnostics.

SCCA

Among all oncological diseases of the reproductive organs, squamous cell carcinoma is diagnosed more often than others. The SCCA antigen is the first to be detected. An analysis to determine the concentration of a given protein substance is prescribed for diagnosis, during therapy to monitor positive dynamics and calculating the risk of complications.

At the initial stages of the formation of malignant neoplasms, the SCCA test is not the most informative, since many extraneous factors can affect its concentration. If SCCA is elevated in the blood, an additional blood test is done to look for other indicators that indicate the presence of cancer.

The level of SCCA is measured regularly during the treatment of oncopathology. If the prescribed therapy gives a positive result, the indicator of squamous cell carcinoma will gradually return to normal. The disadvantage of the diagnostic method by detecting the number of SCCA markers is that the analysis is not suitable for a preventive screening program. The probability that the squamous cell form of cervical cancer (as statistics show) will be determined in the early stages does not exceed 10%.

SA-125

The CA-125 marker is a protein substance that indicates the development of uterine carcinoma. The concentration of the substance determines the stage of the disease, the presence of metastases or the risks of their spread. The greatest accumulation of CA-125 is in the endometrium, therefore, its amount in the blood is affected by the period menstrual cycle.

Among all common cancers, in addition to uterine tumors, ovarian oncology occupies a leading position. It is with the definition of CA-125 that a timely diagnosis of adnexal cancer can be made.

Chorionic gonadotropin

HCG - beta-chorionic gonadotropin is secreted by the woman's body from the first days of pregnancy. Its level rises during the development of a fertilized egg. When the concentration is significantly exceeded (in comparison with the norm), but there is no pregnancy, this indicates oncology of the uterus.

Cancer embryonic antigen

CEA - the presence of this substance in a non-pregnant patient indicates uterine cancer. The name of the substance speaks for itself - a cancer-embryonic antigen produced by the cells of the embryo during the gestational period. In a healthy person without oncology, only slight traces of it can be detected in the blood.

The disadvantage of the analysis for the determination of this oncomarker is that the excess of its concentration, although it indicates oncopathology, it is not possible to determine the place of tumor localization. If the concentration of CEA is too high, diagnostics are required to determine the location of the neoplasm.

A sudden increase in the concentration of CEA is characteristic of the spread of metastases of an oncological neoplasm in the uterus.

SA 27-29

The CA 27-29 marker is produced in excessive concentration by the body of a woman suffering from an oncological disease of the uterine cavity. The peculiarity of this tumor marker is that it is localized in the cells of the mammary glands, and its concentration increases with breast cancer in women.

When a uterine tumor is formed, the CA 27-29 indicator is produced in large quantities. In the absence of any symptomatic picture, if a blood test showed an excess of CA 27-29, it is recommended to conduct a differential diagnosis.

Preparatory activities

In order for the tumor marker of cervical cancer to be detected correctly, you need to properly prepare for blood donation. There are a number of factors under the influence of which the concentration of protein substances can decrease or increase, which will lead to a diagnostic error. Before taking a blood test, you must:

• for a day to exclude the use of alcoholic and alcohol-containing drinks, smoking;
• be in a state of physical and emotional rest on the day of the study;
• the evening before the fence biological material refuse physical activity;
• abstain from sexual intercourse for two days;
• 7 days before taking blood, stop taking any medications.

Blood for the oncomarker of the uterus and ovaries is given only in the morning. Last time You can eat food no later than 8-10 hours before. Before taking blood, you can drink some plain water, other drinks and food are excluded.

The referral to the test is given by the attending physician. Only according to the results of a gynecological examination and the presence of a certain symptomatic picture, a conclusion is made about which tumor markers need to be determined. The day of the cycle is determined when you need to take a blood test so that the decoding of the results is as accurate and informative as possible.

Norm indicators

The results of a blood test depend on which tumor marker detection method was used. To exclude a diagnostic error, decoding is carried out by a specialist from the laboratory where the analysis takes place. There is a table of generally accepted, averaged results of the norm of markers in uterine oncology:

Deviation from the norm indicates the presence of an oncological neoplasm and the stage of its development. The higher the units of the marker in the blood, the larger the cervical tumor.

Separately, the definition of each tumor marker is not of particular diagnostic value. The most informative are blood tests, when the concentration of several markers and the ratio of their indicators are determined.

A blood test for a tumor marker for cervical cancer is now used to determine not only predisposition to pathological process, but also to identify the most effective tactics treatment of oncological disease.

Cervical cancer is very common today and is diagnosed not only in older women, but also in young girls up to 30 years of age. For a positive outlook oncological diseases affects the timeliness of diagnosing the pathological process.

To date, there are many opportunities for detecting cancerous processes in the body, among which one can note the examination of a specialist and laboratory tests.

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Of great importance in diagnostic measures are tumor markers, which are substances formed as a result of vital activity. cancer cells.

What are tumor markers

Tumor markers, or as they are also called tumor markers, are specific molecules produced in the human body during the growth of cancer cells and several other conditions. With the help of oncomarkers, it is possible to detect cancer in the early stages of its development, which makes it possible to stop the disease and prevent its progression.

An increased level of these molecules after treatment indicates that the cancer process continues and more drastic measures should be taken to combat the oncological disease.

Oncological markers are determined for cervical cancer in blood samples taken from a sick woman, to which antibodies are added that form certain complexes that are detected using laboratory research. Specific molecules that are not associated with proteins, called free markers, are detected in the body using other options. this study.

Many healthy women there is a small concentration of some oncological markers in the blood, which is the norm, therefore, if you suspect cervical cancer, you should not be guided only by testing for markers.

The results must be assessed sensibly and the diagnosis confirmed by other methods of investigation.

Video: What are tumor markers

Need

Each tumor formation secretes a characteristic protein into the body, and about 200 compounds are already known that are related to tumor markers. No more than 20 have diagnostic value among a similar number of specific molecular compounds.

An analysis of the presence and amount of tumor markers in the body today is very important not only for diagnostic measures, but also for the appointment of more effective methods of treatment and prevention of cancer recurrence, which can prolong the life of many patients.

The need for testing for the presence of tumor markers is the following criteria:

• identification of the alleged source malignant tumor before the start of in-depth diagnostic measures;
• detection of the spread of the cancer process in the body at advanced stages of the disease;
• predetermination of relapses of the oncological process (not approved by all specialists, because the symptoms of cancer often coincide with the growth of markers);
• the possibility of assessing the effectiveness of the operation, namely the detection of residual tumor forms;
• controlling the treatment process, that is, monitoring its effectiveness, which is much easier than conducting multiple instrumental and laboratory studies.

It should be noted that when the tumor is sensitive to chemotherapy, mass death of atypical cells occurs, which is accompanied by the entry into the blood lymph. a large number tumor markers.

Thus, an increase in the norm of tumor markers during treatment with chemotherapy may indicate a favorable prognosis of the disease.

A cervical cancer marker predicts the sensitivity of atypical cells to a proposed treatment. Such a blood test is not carried out as an individual, as it does not provide an opportunity to obtain a 100% result.

Only complex diagnostics can reveal a predisposition to cervical cancer: ultrasound, biopsy, MRI, scanning, CT. The final diagnosis of cancer of the cervix is ​​approved only after a test for tumor markers in conjunction with other diagnostic procedures.

Serological SCC

The serological marker or antigen of squamous cell carcinoma is a polypeptide or protein, the concentration of which increases in the blood with the development of the oncological process. Today, serological tumor markers are needed to determine the effectiveness of ongoing treatment and preclinical diagnosis of cervical cancer recurrence.

Cancer in the cervix long time was not diagnosed using oncological markers, which made it impossible for specialists to identify women at risk and to identify the effectiveness of the treatment.

The need for this type of research activity is very high today, due to the following reasons:

• cancer of the cervix is ​​a socially significant disease;
• female cancer reproductive organ significantly reduces the birth rate;
• without this study, it is almost impossible to scientifically determine the predisposition to the disease and the possibility of relapse.

Analysis for the SCC marker is indicated in monitoring the observation and treatment of squamous cell carcinomas localized in various areas: nasopharynx, lungs, esophagus, ears and cervix.

Features of the structural center of a specific molecule suggest its multiple physical functions, namely the regulation of differentiation of squamous epithelium, as well as stimulating the growth of atypical cells while inhibiting the apoptotic process.

The concentration of this substance in blood plasma is an important independent indicator for determining the degree to which cancer education. At the time of cervical cancer recurrence, SCC is positive in almost 90% of cases, which allows you to get ahead of clinical manifestations progression of the oncological process.

Thus, with the help of regularly conducted studies for SCC, which should be carried out at least every 3 months, it is possible to detect a relapse some time (2-6 months) before the onset of its symptoms and clinical manifestations.

Blood test for SCC

The norm of the serological marker SCC varies within 2.5 ng / ml. With an increase in this indicator in patients diagnosed with cervical cancer in stages 1B and 2A we are talking about the development of the risk of relapse if there is no metastasis to regional lymph nodes.

Analysis for markers in cervical cancer allows you to select patients for surgery or radiotherapy. With an increase in the level of this serological marker during the last two studies, it indicates the progression of the oncological process or its recurrence in approximately 76% of cases.

False-positive results during this study are possible in 2.8-5% of cases. A false result can be given by a study conducted with poor-quality blood sampling, i.e., when contaminated with saliva or skin elements.

Blood sampling is carried out on an empty stomach without the use of an anticoagulant in vacuum tubes which leads to more accurate readings.

Elevated levels of serological SCC are not yet a cause for concern, because this may indicate not only the development of cervical cancer, but also inflammatory diseases or pathological conditions benign organisms:

• pneumonia;
• neurodermatitis;
• psoriasis.

Blood sampling for SCC analysis should be carried out only 2 weeks after the illness. Smoking, as a rule, does not cause fluctuations in the serological marker.

In the presence of high level of this marker in the blood, it is recommended to undergo further examination of the body to determine the reasons for such dynamics.

Cervical cancer is the 3rd most common malignant disease in women. It is very important to diagnose and start treatment before the onset of the incurable stage of the disease.

Methods for determining the oncology of the female genital organs are:

• questioning the patient about the manifestations of the disease, the time and order of the onset of symptoms;
• collecting her gynecological history (number of pregnancies, abortions, miscarriages, childbirth);
• identification of concomitant diseases;
• examination on a gynecological chair (manual and with the help of obstetric mirrors);
• conducting laboratory and instrumental methods research.

Currently, detection of tumor markers in the biological fluids of patients is widely used for the diagnosis of tumor neoplasms. Almost every type of cancer has specific markers. The tumor marker for cervical cancer is called squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen.

This antigen is determined for the detection of cervical cancer, prognosis, control over the course of the disease, over the effectiveness of treatment and in the period after therapy to monitor possible relapse. SCCA is not highly specific. Its concentration increases with cancerous tumors other localization. It allows you to detect cancer at an early stage.

Indications for the appointment of the study

1. Women at risk for cervical cancer.
2. Suspicion of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
3. Condition after treatment (radiation, surgery or chemotherapy).
4. The state of remission in cervical cancer.

Result interpretation

Important! With a single test, the result may be false positive or false negative.

It is also not uncommon for the oncomarker scc normal cervical cancer to be present in this case. In 10% of cases of malignant neoplasms of the cervix, they are not of a squamous nature.

The reasons for a slight increase in the marker may be:

• pregnancy starting from the 2nd trimester;
• bronchial asthma;
• ingress of saliva and skin particles into the analyzed material;
• kidney failure;
• liver failure.

Should know! The diagnosis of cervical cancer is not made even with repeated positive results without data from other studies.

SCC antigen is also found in malignant neoplasms esophagus, lungs, nasopharynx, ears.

Study preparation

You do not need to take special measures to pass the analysis for SCCA. Blood is taken from the patient on an empty stomach. A woman for 8 hours (better from the evening of the previous day) should not eat, in the morning it is not allowed to drink tea or coffee. Smoking has no effect on the test result.

If the woman being studied suffers from certain skin diseases then you need to get treatment first. Skin diseases in which blood is not taken for the SCCA tumor marker include: psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, neurodermatitis, rash of various etiologies (allergic, infectious, etc.). After the treatment of these diseases, 2 weeks must pass before an analysis for cervical cancer is scheduled.

In addition to the described tumor marker of the SCCA antigen in uterine cancer, the content of the cancer embryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin fragment 19 (Cyfra 21-1) and tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) is also determined. The use of various methods and the detection of the concentration of several types of oncomarkers increases the reliability of the analysis result.

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A blood test for tumor markers is one of the most popular tests that people prescribe to themselves “just in case”. Why this should not be done, and what diagnostic methods actually help detect cancer early stage, says EMC oncologist, MD. Helena Petrovna Gens.

Gelena Petrovna, is it possible to diagnose cancer at an early stage with the help of oncomarkers?

Indeed, many patients have a strong belief that tumor cells secrete certain substances that have been circulating in the blood since the onset of the neoplasm, and it is enough to periodically take a blood test for tumor markers to make sure that there is no cancer.

There are many materials on the Internet on this subject, which contain, unfortunately, absolutely false statements that by checking blood for tumor markers, it is possible to detect the disease at an early stage.

In fact, the use of tumor markers for reliable detection of cancer has not been shown to be effective in any study; therefore, they cannot be recommended for the primary diagnosis of cancer.

The values ​​of oncomarkers do not always correlate with the disease. For example, I will give a case from my practice: I recently had a patient treated - a young woman who was diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer, while the values ​​of the tumor marker CA 15.3 remained within the normal range.

What causes other than oncological diseases can cause an increase in tumor markers?

In diagnostics, there are two criteria by which we evaluate any study - these are sensitivity and specificity. Markers can be highly sensitive but low specific. This suggests that their increase may depend on a number of reasons that are completely unrelated to cancer. For example, the ovarian cancer marker CA 125 can be elevated not only in tumors or inflammatory diseases of the ovaries, but, for example, in violation of liver function, inflammatory diseases of the cervix and the uterus itself. Often, with impaired liver function, cancer embryonic antigen (CEA) is elevated. Thus, the values ​​of oncomarkers depend on a number of processes, including inflammatory ones, that can occur in the body.

At the same time, it happens that a slight increase in the oncomarker serves as the beginning for the start of a number of diagnostic procedures, up to such a non-harmful study as positron emission tomography (PET / CT), and as it turns out later, these procedures were not needed at all for this patient.

What are tumor markers used for?

Tumor markers are mainly used to monitor the course of the disease and evaluate the effectiveness drug therapy neoplastic diseases. In the event that an increase in the oncomarker was initially detected in the patient during the diagnosis, we can later use it to monitor how the treatment is going. Often after surgery or chemotherapy treatment, we see how the level of the marker from several thousand units literally “collapses” to normal values. Its increase in dynamics may indicate that either a tumor recurrence has occurred, or the remaining, as doctors say, “residual” tumor has shown resistance to treatment. Along with the results of other studies, this may serve as a signal to doctors that they should consider changing treatment tactics and further full examination of the patient.

Are there studies that really help detect cancer at an early stage?

There are studies to detect certain types of cancer that have been shown to be reliable and effective in large epidemiological studies and are recommended for use in the screening regimen.

For example, the United States Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) following recent clinical research recommends low-dose computed tomography for screening lung cancer. Low-dose CT is recommended for people in age group between 55 and 80 years of age and who have a 30-year history of smoking or have quit smoking no more than 15 years ago. To date, this is the most accurate method for early detection lung cancer, the effectiveness of which is confirmed in terms of evidence-based medicine.

Neither X-ray examination, let alone fluorography of organs chest, which were used earlier, cannot replace low-dose CT, as their resolution makes it possible to detect only large-focal formations that indicate late stages oncological process.

At the same time, views on some types of screening, which have been massively used for several decades, are being revised today. For example, before men doctors recommended a PSA blood test to screen for prostate cancer. But recent studies have shown that the PSA level is not always a reliable basis for initiating diagnostic measures. Therefore, now we recommend taking PSA only after consultation with a urologist.

For breast cancer screening, the recommendations remain the same - for women who are not at risk for breast cancer, mandatory mammography after 50 years of age every two years. With increased density of breast tissue (occurs in approximately 40% of women), it is necessary to conduct ultrasound of the mammary glands in addition to mammography.

Another very common cancer that can be detected through screening is bowel cancer.

To detect bowel cancer, a colonoscopy is recommended, which is enough to be done once every five years, starting from the age of 50, if there are no complaints and aggravated heredity due to this disease. At the request of the patient, the examination can be carried out under anesthesia and does not deliver any discomfort, while being the most accurate and effective method diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

Today, there are alternative methods: CT colonography, or " virtual colonoscopy", allows you to conduct a study of the colon without the introduction of an endoscope - on computed tomography. The method has a high sensitivity: 90% in the diagnosis of polyps larger than 1 cm with a study duration of about 10 minutes. It can be recommended to those who have previously undergone a traditional screening colonoscopy, which did not reveal any abnormalities.

What should young people pay attention to?

Screening that starts at more early age is a screening for cervical cancer. A smear for oncocytology (Pap test), according to American recommendations, must be taken from the age of 21. In addition, it is necessary to take a test for the human papillomavirus (HPV), since long-term carriage of certain oncogenic types of HPV is associated with high risk development of cervical cancer. A reliable method of protection against cervical cancer is the HPV vaccination of girls and young women.

Unfortunately, in recent times the incidence of skin cancer and melanoma is on the rise. Therefore, it is advisable to show the so-called "moles" and other pigmented formations on the skin to a dermatologist once a year, especially if you are at risk: you bright skin, there were cases of skin cancer or melanoma in the family, there were cases sunburn, or you are a fan of visiting solariums, which, by the way, are prohibited in some countries for visiting under 18 years old. Two or more episodes of sunburned skin have been shown to increase the risk of skin cancer and melanoma.

Is it possible to monitor the "moles" on their own?

Experts have a skeptical attitude towards self-examinations. For example, self-examination of the mammary glands, which was so promoted before, has not proven its effectiveness. Now it is considered harmful, because it lulls vigilance and does not allow timely diagnosis. Likewise with the examination of the skin. It is better if it is carried out by a dermatologist.

Can cancer be inherited?

Fortunately, most cancers are not inherited. Of all cancers, only about 15% are hereditary. A striking example of hereditary cancer is the carriage of mutations in the anti-oncogenes BRCA 1 and BRCA 2, which is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and, to a lesser extent, ovarian cancer. Everyone knows the story of Angelina Jolie, whose mother and grandmother died of breast cancer. Such women need regular follow-up and examinations of the breast and ovaries to prevent the development of hereditary cancer.

The remaining 85% of tumors are tumors that occur spontaneously, do not depend on any hereditary predisposition.

However, if several blood relatives in the family suffered from cancer, we say that their children may have a reduced ability to metabolize carcinogens, as well as to repair DNA, that is, to “repair” DNA, to put it simply.

What are the main risk factors for developing cancer?

The main risk factors include work in hazardous industries, smoking, frequent (more than three times a week) and long-term alcohol consumption, daily consumption of red meat, constant consumption of food that has been heat-treated, frozen and sold ready-to-eat. Such food is poor in fibers, vitamins and other substances necessary for a person, which can lead to an increased risk of, for example, breast cancer. Smoking is one of the most common and formidable risk factors - it leads not only to lung cancer, but also to cancer of the esophagus, stomach, Bladder, tumors of the head and neck: cancer of the larynx, cancer of the mucous cheek, cancer of the tongue, etc.

For skin cancer and melanoma, as we have already mentioned, exposure to the sun before sunburn is a risk factor.

Long term use hormonal drugs, for example, substitution hormone therapy, more than 5 years and not under the supervision of doctors, can lead to an increased risk of breast cancer and uterine cancer in women, so taking such drugs should be carried out under the strict supervision of a mammologist and gynecologist.

As we mentioned above, viruses, including oncogenic types, can also be a risk factor. HPV virus that lead to cancer of the genital organs and cancer of the oral cavity. Some non-carcinogenic viruses may also be risk factors. For example, hepatitis B and C viruses: they do not directly cause liver cancer, but lead to chronic inflammatory liver disease - hepatitis, and after 15 years in a patient with chronic hepatitis B and C can develop hepatocellular carcinoma.

When should you consult a doctor?

If there are risk factors, or the person feels anxious, it is best to consult an oncologist. What you definitely should not do is to prescribe examinations to yourself. You can get a lot of false positives and false negatives, which will make your life difficult and can lead to stress, unnecessary diagnostic procedures and interventions. Of course, if suddenly appeared anxiety symptoms, then it is necessary to consult with an oncologist, regardless of the risks.

At the consultation, we ask a lot of questions, we are interested in everything: lifestyle, smoking history, alcohol consumption, stress frequency, diet, appetite, body mass index, heredity, working conditions, how the patient sleeps at night, etc. If this is a woman, it is important hormonal status, reproductive history: how old was the first child, how many births, did the woman breastfeed, etc. It may seem to the patient that these questions are not related to his problem, but for us they are important, they allow us to draw up an individual portrait of a person, assess the risks of developing certain oncological diseases in him and prescribe exactly the set of examinations that he needs.

The materials are published for review and are not a prescription for treatment! We recommend that you contact a hematologist at your healthcare facility!

SCC tumor marker is a tumor-associated antigen of squamous cell carcinomas with different localization. SCC (SCCA, TA-4) tumor marker indicates squamous cell carcinoma that develops in the uterus, its neck and other organs: lungs, neck and head. With an increase in the level of SCC concentration, the development of oncology is suspected. Upon receipt of a negative result, pathology in the organs is not excluded. The growth dynamics of SCC is investigated at the first positive test. At the first negative test SCC repeat analyzes will not be informative.

An SCC tumor marker is a substance that is produced by malignant cells or an organism in response to the presence of a tumor. The SCC tumor marker belongs to glycoproteins that inhibit serine proteases. Molecular weight - 45-55 kDa. Healthy epithelial tissues synthesize the minimum amount of SCC without getting into the systemic circulation. biological role SCC has not yet been solved by scientists.

SCC tumor marker is synthesized by epithelial cells of the cervix, anus, skin, esophagus and bronchi

What determines the tumor marker SCC?

With a high concentration of a tumor marker in the blood, squamous cell carcinoma is suspected in the nasopharynx, ears, vagina and uterine neck, esophagus and other areas.

Some inflammatory diseases: respiratory organs, acute respiratory infections, chronic tuberculosis, renal and liver failure, skin diseases in the form of lichen planus, psoriasis, neurodermatitis can give a false positive result.

To diagnose skin melanoma, it is used, the decoding of which is given in the article on our portal.

Important. A slight increase in tumor marker levels will occur in the presence of benign and inflammatory diseases and physiological states. To confirm the diagnosis, the examination is continued.

Oncomarker indicators

The SCC has several physiological functions:

• regulation of differentiation of normal squamous epithelium;
• stimulating the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting the process of apoptosis.

Oncomarker of cervical cancer SCC: the norm is not higher than 2.5 ng/ml. Tumor markers in uterine myoma should also not exceed 2.5 ng/ml.

Note. Myoma occurs due to changes hormonal background with a late start of the menstrual cycle, copious secretions, after abortions and the appearance inflammatory processes in area urinary organs women.

What tumor markers are used for uterine cancer? The name of the main ones is SCC and CA 125. When deciphered, it shows the presence of oncopathology or somatic pathology. Norm CA 125 - 0-35 U / ml.

Do not ignore the analysis and what forms of cancer it shows, you can find out in the article on our website.

A high level of the oncomarker SCC and CA 125 also determines cancer that develops on the cervix, ovaries, mammary and pancreas, lungs, liver, intestines, including the rectum and colon.

The oncomarker CA 125 also increases in the presence of somatic pathologies, such as:

• endometriosis;
• inflammation of the uterus and appendages;
• cystic formations of the ovaries;
• pleurisy and peritonitis;
• cirrhosis of the liver, chronic forms hepatitis and pancreatitis;
• autoimmune pathology.

Therefore, it is wrong to take as a basis only the oncomarker for uterine cancer SCC or in combination with CA 125 in the diagnosis. Need to carry out full examination sick.

Deciphering the analysis of venous blood can indicate the concentration of markers for the onset of relapse, which allows you to select patients for radiation or surgery.

If you have taken a blood test for these indicators, you can see in the article on our website.

Indications for blood tests

A cervical tumor marker is determined to:

• Evaluate the treatment of patients whose diagnosis was established, as well as the initially elevated concentration.
• To determine the probability of spread of cancer metastases.
• Predict the survival of patients after complex therapy oncology.
• Control the course of the disease and prevent relapses.

An analysis of the oncomarker of cervical cancer is examined before the start of complex therapy in order to further compare and analyze the course of treatment and the course of the disease, and build new treatment regimens.

Important. After removal of the oncological tumor, the control tumor markers SCC paired with CA 125 will be normal for the first 4 days. Next study carried out after 2 months, then - once every six months.

How to prepare for the study

For a blood test to be reliable, it is necessary:

• pick up between 7-11 am venous blood on an empty stomach in the amount of 3-5 ml, not earlier than 8-12 hours after the last meal;
• do not drink alcohol and alcohol-based drugs for three days before the test;
• do not smoke 1-3 days before the study;
• do not eat fatty, fried, spicy and exotic food 3 days before the study of tumor markers;
• do not exercise yourself physically 3 days before donating blood;
• 10-15 minutes before the procedure, you should sit and calm the nervous system.

Important. If possible, you should stop taking any medication 3 days before the procedure. If the medicine was taken, then in both cases it is necessary to warn the doctor about this. The attending physician should also be informed when conducting examinations a week before blood donation for another reason or in connection with suspicion of oncology of another organ or metastasis: ultrasound, CT.

With narrow limits of the norms of analyzes for oncomarkers and the presence of different equipment, all studies should be carried out in the same laboratory. Tumor marker can be determined by urine, saliva, sweat and sputum. Therefore, they should be excluded from entering the blood sample.