Rash in the form of a circle in a child. A detailed overview of the reasons for the formation of red rashes in children throughout the body

All mothers are familiar with the situation when a rash suddenly appears on the child’s body. However, the rashes are rarely localized. As a rule, they spread throughout the body.

Typically, the rash first appears on the cheeks, then on the child’s chest and then moves to other areas. To cope with it, you should know the exact reasons for its appearance. Skin rashes are usually just a symptom that needs to be investigated to determine the root cause of the problem.

Main factors causing baby rash

Regardless of where on the body it appears, there are types of rash that can look different: a spot of any color, a lump, a vesicle, and even appear in the form of small bruises.

The most common reasons why skin rashes may appear all over the body:

• allergic reaction;
• bite of any insect;
• infection;
• problems with the rate of blood clotting, such as hemophilia, where the rash looks like small bruises;
• invisible skin damage;
• photodermatitis - intolerance to sunlight.

If we take into account the statistics, most often a small rash on the body or face of a child without fever appears due to an allergy to external stimulus. In second place are mild forms of a small infection. The top three are insect bites. Most often this is the result of mosquito activity.

It is not necessary that the rash in children be accompanied by itching. It often happens that the child is not bothered by the problem. Therefore, it is important for the mother to regularly examine the child’s body for the appearance of skin changes in order to begin taking action in time.

In order to understand the cause of rash in children, you need to carefully study all the factors that can cause it.

Allergic reaction

There are two types of this rash:

• Food, when the baby ate a new product and within 24 hours he developed skin rashes;
• Contact, when the reaction appears on clothing. The reason for this may be individual intolerance to the fabric or washing with the wrong powder. There will also be an allergic reaction to the water in the pool if the amount of chlorine contained in it is not suitable for the baby. In this case, red spots may begin to appear on his body.

Not every adult can suspect an allergic rash in a child. But it is easily recognized by a person who is often and for a long time near the baby. A sign of such a reaction is a small and red rash on the child's face.

The main thing is to find out why skin problems appeared and eliminate the allergen.

Rash due to infection

Very often, a rash appears on a child’s body for this very reason. Perhaps the baby was struck by a viral infection:

• chickenpox - when small spots transform into blisters containing liquid, on which, in turn, crusts appear;
• rubella, which is characterized by small pale pink spots; not all of the crumb is covered;
• measles with large bright spots;
• exanthema (roseola) is a small rash on the body of a child.

Viral infections do not require special treatment. After the disease passes, the rash on the chest, face, limbs, and back also disappears.

Another reason why rashes appear can be various bacterial infections. Most often it is scarlet fever, which can be recognized by small, dot-like spots. This type of infection requires antibacterial treatment.

Children are often affected fungal infections which can cause rashes. For example, these include thrush in the mouth of infants. In this case, the rash appears in the mouth and not on the skin in children. In addition, you can understand that your baby has an infection caused by some kind of fungus if you notice a rash under the child’s nose. Treatment in this case should be prescribed by a specialist after a thorough examination.

An infectious disease can be suspected based on the symptoms accompanying the skin rash:

• general weakness and lethargy;
• a sharp increase in temperature;
• loss of appetite.

If such signs are present, it is necessary to show the baby to specialists to make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment.

You can also suspect that the rash on the child’s cheeks and throughout the body is infectious in nature if there is a likelihood of contact with an already infected person. So, if at school or kindergarten If you have a child with one of these diseases, most likely your child got the problem from him.

Meningococcal infection is a dangerous disease accompanied by a rash.

It occupies a special place among infectious diseases, which, as a rule, do not pose a great danger and pass without consequences. This neuroinfection is the most severe form of the disease, which can even lead to death.

Meningococcal infection is caused by the microbe of the same name. Through the baby's throat it enters the baby's blood and then into the brain. Most often, a child develops meningitis, which manifests itself as hypersensitivity to light, severe headaches, muscle tension in the back of the head, and even impaired consciousness.

A rarer, but most dangerous development meningococcal infection– sepsis, which occurs with lightning speed and can lead to shock and even death. Infection begins with a sharp rise in temperature above 40°C and incessant vomiting. Then, within 24 hours, a rash appears on the body in the form of small bruises, which quickly increase in size, taking on the shape of a star. In this case, the clock is ticking and it is extremely important to see a doctor as soon as possible after the microbe enters the child’s body.

Before antibiotics were invented, 100% of infected babies died from this infection. But modern medicine I have learned to fight the disease, and if the diagnosis is made in a timely manner, the treatment is quite effective.

If you notice a rash in your child in the form of bruises that are rapidly taking on the shape of a star, you should immediately take your child to an infectious disease specialist. This choice of specialist dramatically increases the chances of an accurate diagnosis.

Actions before the ambulance arrives

If a red rash on your child's face and throughout the body suggests an infection, you should call a doctor for a thorough examination. Before his arrival, you can alleviate the baby’s condition if:

• create a comfortable microclimate in the room with sufficient level humidity and temperature not exceeding 23◦;
• you will give plenty of fluids without insisting on feeding;
• Give an anti-fever medication if the baby’s body temperature reaches 38°C.

Before visiting a doctor, it is important not to apply brilliant green or other substances with coloring properties to small rashes on the body. This can make it difficult to make a diagnosis, which can lead to the risk of inappropriate treatment.

If the skin rash is not a sign of infection and is not accompanied by a fever, you can treat it yourself.

Rashes on different parts of the head

What can I do to reduce itching and rashes?

The most important thing to remember is that any skin rash– this is just a symptom, and its manifestation can only be reduced by eliminating the original source of the problem. The exception is insect bites, which can be lubricated. special ointment. You should also take care of prevention using special means and insect repellents.

You can help your child if you eliminate the irritants that affect the rash, thereby causing an unbearable desire to itch. Most often the fabric is too rough. Try to dress your baby in light, loose-fitting cotton clothes.

But the biggest irritant for rashes on the chest and other parts of the body is sweat. It is this that most often causes unbearable itching. And for kids with special needs sensitive skin sweat itself can cause a child to develop redness. As a rule, this is a heat rash that is temporary. Thus, to relieve your baby's itching, you should actively work to reduce sweating. For this it is desirable:

• bathe little man at least twice a day in water whose temperature does not exceed 34°;
• Make sure that the air in the room is cool enough, but at the same time comfortable for the baby.

You can also use special medicines in the form of gels and ointments that are designed to relieve itching. But it is very important that they are used only after consultation with a specialist who has thoroughly examined the child and determined the cause of the rash.

Thus, the rash is a fairly harmless manifestation of various diseases and reactions of the child’s body. In most cases, it goes away quite quickly and does not require serious treatment. But you should remember that the baby must be taken to the hospital immediately if:

• the rash appears in the form of stars;
• there is a high fever and/or severe vomiting.

If you are in doubt as to why exactly a small rash appeared on your child’s face or body, you should not neglect a visit to the doctor. Qualified advice will help you quickly and safely deal with the problem.

Every mother sooner or later asks the question: if a rash appears on a child’s body, what to do? Sometimes the rash is a reaction to physiological changes in children's body, Not dangerous, but also exist pathological causes rashes that require immediate action to eliminate them.

Some parents simply ignore this, especially if the child has a rash on the body without fever, and some begin to give various medications without consulting a doctor. In both the first and second cases, a mistake is made, because for some diseases it is very important to quickly identify the cause of the rash and prescribe appropriate treatment.

What the rash might look like

A child’s rash does not always appear all over the body; very often it occurs in a limited area. It is formed both symmetrically and asymmetrically, taking on all sorts of shapes:

• Spots are a limited area of ​​skin of a different color (can be white, red, pink, etc.). As a rule, the spots do not protrude above the surface of the skin.
• Bubbles and vesicles are small or large formations with liquid inside.
• Papules are formations above the surface of the skin without a cavity inside. You can feel it well.
• A pustule is a cavity with pus inside.
• A plaque is a formation that has a large area and is raised above the skin.
• Tubercles are formations that do not have a cavity and are clearly felt upon palpation.

The color of the rash can also vary - from pale pink to purple. The child's photo is shown below.

Each type of rash can indicate completely different reasons, so determining the location of the rash and its type is very important for making a diagnosis.

Causes

If a rash appears on a child’s body, the causes of this condition are very diverse, but they can still be divided into main categories:

The symptoms of the rash are quite multifaceted. It depends on what reason contributed to it. Next, we will look at what pathologies can cause a rash and what signs they are accompanied by.

Non-communicable diseases. Newborn acne

Approximately 20-30% of infants develop so-called neonatal acne, which is characterized by the appearance of a rash on the child’s body without fever. The main location is the face and hairy part heads, neck. The rash in this case looks like papules and pustules. This occurs due to the fact that maternal hormones affect the functioning of children's sebaceous glands. Does not require special care, except for moisturizing and careful hygiene. As a rule, it goes away on its own within the first 6 months of the baby’s life.

Prickly heat

A rash that occurs in warm time years or when tightly wrapped in clothes. The reason is the difficulty in sweat escaping and increased humidity when wrapped. Often occurs in areas of diaper rash. This rash rarely causes inflammation, but it causes discomfort as it can be very itchy. It goes away quite quickly with proper care.

Atopic dermatitis

This is a disease that faces a large number of mothers already during the first days of the baby’s life. Dermatitis has genetic predisposition and allergic nature. Characterized by the appearance of red itchy spots and dry skin. The rash may cover a small area - with mild form, and spread over a large area of ​​the body. In some cases, when the rash is extensive, the child develops marks from scratching all over the body, as unbearable itching occurs. As a result, a secondary infection is sometimes associated with dermatitis.

Since dermatitis has several stages of development, there are also many variants of rashes for this disease. These can be spots, papules, vesicles, plaques, crusts. Sometimes, if treatment is not done in a timely manner, scars and pigment spots remain on the skin after rashes.

Teething rash

Sometimes during teething the baby is bothered by a rash located in the mouth area. Represents small pimples, which appear in connection with increased salivation, and then by the friction of this area. This rash does not leave any consequences and, as a rule, goes away on its own. To make the healing process faster, you can gently wipe the mouth area from drool and prevent the child from licking dirty hands, as there is a possibility of infection.

Allergic rash in children

If parents notice the appearance of a rash on a child’s body without fever, this is most likely an allergic reaction. Nowadays, people are surrounded by a huge number of all kinds of allergens. Children are most susceptible to them, so at the first manifestations you need to identify the cause and get rid of the irritant. Allergic reactions can be of the following types:

• Food. When a child eats a product that is an allergen for him. Appears within approximately 24 hours. In this case, the rash occurs on the child’s face, stomach, arms and legs.
• Household. In this case, the allergen can come from laundry detergent, chlorinated pool water, new shampoo, and many other household products.

An allergic rash looks like red spots on the child’s body, but sometimes plaques and scratches appear, since such rashes are very disturbing itchy skin. One type of rash in this case is hives - pink or red blisters that are very itchy. When scratched, they increase in size and can merge with each other, forming large affected areas. In addition to the rash, symptoms may include irritability, moodiness, runny nose and cough.

In newborn children, the allergen can enter the body with mother's milk. A nursing woman needs to review her diet as soon as possible. There are also cases when allergies are triggered by food. expectant mother during pregnancy. Sometimes a child develops a rash all over his body. But after getting rid of the allergen, the rash goes away very quickly. A photo of an allergic rash on a child’s body is presented above.

Insect bites

Insect bites are a very common occurrence, especially in the summer. Many parents are frightened by red spots, which can be large and appear above the skin. But, as a rule, other than itching, they do not have any third-party symptoms or consequences. But the exception is allergic consequences to the saliva and poison of some insects. In this case, it is very important to give an antihistamine at the first sign of allergy. Another dangerous phenomenon when bitten is infectious diseases, the carriers of which are some insects.

Infectious type rash in children

The appearance of a rash in a child throughout the body very often occurs due to infectious diseases. Some of them are common in childhood, because after a child gets sick, he develops one hundred percent immunity. Cases of reinfection occur very rarely. If the rash appears due to infection, then the symptoms will be fever and a small rash on the child’s body; chills, cough, runny nose, lack of appetite, and general malaise are also added here.

In childhood, the most common diseases accompanied by a rash are the following:

• Varicella (chickenpox). This disease is very contagious and easily transmitted by airborne droplets. Incubation period lasts 2-3 weeks. General malaise, accompanied by a moderate increase in temperature, sometimes slight abdominal pain, occurs 1-2 days before the onset of the rash. Then a small rash appears on the child’s body, which is located chaotically, not affecting only the feet and palms. At first it looks like a red spot, which in the shortest possible time turns into a papule, and that, in turn, into a vesicle with an infectious liquid inside. At the site where it breaks through, either naturally or mechanically (during combing) a crust forms. The rashes are accompanied by itching, but you should not scratch them, as you can spread the infection even further. Chickenpox is characterized by the fact that during the illness there are several spots that are completely covered with a crust. Then they disappear completely, leaving small scars that disappear after a while. This happens approximately on the tenth day from the onset of the rash. It is not recommended to visit during illness public places. After recovery, the child develops lifelong immunity to chickenpox. Re-infection occurs only due to reduced immunity and under stress.
• Measles. A highly contagious infectious disease transmitted by airborne droplets. Nowadays, measles rarely appears, mainly in the form of short outbreaks in certain regions. Hidden form the illness lasts approximately 2-4 weeks, then within about four days the first signs of the disease begin to appear, which can very easily be confused with a cold or indigestion: cough, runny nose, loose stool, elevated temperature, which can rise up to 40 degrees. After this period, rashes begin, which are cyclical. First, white spots appear on the inside, which look like semolina porridge. These spots are a very important symptom of measles. Then rashes appear on the face and neck, down to the chest, shoulders, stomach and back, and then a rash appears on the child’s body on the legs and arms. On the fourth day, the primary symptoms begin to subside, and the rash begins to subside. At the site of the spots, the skin becomes brown, then begins to peel off and clears up after 7-14 days. During measles, the rash may itch a little, and sometimes small bruises appear. Sometimes individual spots can merge into a continuous surface. It is worth noting that some manifestations of measles may occur within 10 days after receiving the live measles vaccine.
• Rubella is contagious viral disease transmitted by airborne droplets. The incubation period can last up to three weeks. At the end of this period, a slight increase in temperature, general malaise, joint pain, and inflamed cervical lymph nodes may occur. Then a small rash appears on the child’s body. It starts on the forehead and cheeks and spreads throughout the body. Favorite places for rubella are the areas around the joints, knees, elbows and buttocks. The rash with this disease does not affect the child’s feet and palms. After about four days, the rashes stop, and after a week there is no trace left of them.
• Roseola is a contagious disease that can affect anyone infant. The first signs will be fever, sore throat and enlarged lymph nodes. Then a small rash appears on the child’s body, similar to rubella rashes.

• Scarlet fever is an infectious disease caused by streptococcus. It is transmitted by airborne droplets; there are no vaccinations against this disease. The latent phase lasts about a week. Then an elevated temperature appears (up to 38-40 degrees), the lymph nodes become enlarged and symptoms of sore throat appear. The tongue becomes covered with a white coating. When cleared, it becomes a bright crimson color with pronounced papillae. After 1-2 days, a rash begins, which first affects the face, then the neck and everything else. Most of the rashes are in the groin, in the elbows, on the inside of the arms and legs, in the fold area. At first the rash is bright in color, but as it decreases the spots begin to fade. A clear sign of scarlet fever is a pale nasolabial triangle against a background of bright red cheeks. This occurs because the rash does not affect this area and the skin in this area does not turn red. After 4-7 days, the rash goes away, but leaves behind peeling. The sore throat has to be treated for some more time.
• Infectious mononucleosis is an infection belonging to the herpes viruses and is not very contagious. Characteristic signs of mononucleosis are inflammation lymph nodes, enlarged spleen and liver, body aches, tonsils covered with plaque, fever. A rash with this disease occurs very rarely. If rashes do appear, they look like small pink rash, which does not itch and goes away without leaving a trace within a few days.
• Meningococcal infection. This is a very dangerous disease that requires immediate attention. therapeutic actions, since delay is fraught with death of the patient. Meningococcus is a bacterium that lives in the nasopharynx of 5-10% of people and is not disturbing. Because of viral infections or decreased immunity, the active growth phase of the bacterium may begin, leading to dangerous consequences. Transmitted by air. When it enters the bloodstream, it travels to the brain, causing meningitis. In this case, no rash is observed. The main symptoms are fever, drowsiness, vomiting, loose stools, stiff neck, confusion, the child cannot reach his chin chest. Symptoms develop very quickly. Meningococcus can also cause sepsis. It is very dangerous! The temperature can rise to 41 degrees and be accompanied by uncontrollable vomiting. Within a few hours, a rash appears that has an uneven star-shaped shape and a bright purple or bluish color; there is no itching. Individual rashes may merge into one large dark purple spot. On the feet and palms, this fusion forms “socks” and “gloves.” In such cases, the skin in these areas may die. Sometimes meningitis and sepsis occur simultaneously. Meningococcal infection is deadly! At the first symptoms, you should immediately go to an infectious diseases hospital. With this disease, every second counts. Before the ambulance arrives, you need to lay the child on the floor with his legs elevated; if he loses consciousness, lay him on his side, and do not give him anything to drink or eat.

• Scabies. This disease is caused by the scabies mite. The rash is localized between the fingers, in groin area, on the wrists, legs, butt and anywhere there is thin skin. The rash is accompanied by severe itching, which occurs as the tick passes under the child's skin. Scabies is highly contagious.

The difference between an infectious rash and a non-infectious one

Infectious rash must be accompanied additional symptoms, while non-infectious occurs practically without third-party manifestations. Thus, a rash on the body of a child with a fever will always indicate the infectious nature of the disease. Rashes without external symptoms do not pose a serious danger. The photo (without fever the disease is not so dangerous) is not a very pleasant sight.

Itching without rash

Sometimes parents are alarmed by the situation in which the child itches, but external reasons fails to notice. Body itching in a child without a rash can be for several reasons, but the final conclusion can be made only after seeing a doctor and undergoing certain tests:

A rash is not an independent disease, but a symptom. Therefore, first of all, you need to find the cause of the rash. It is not recommended to self-medicate even in situations where parents are confident that they know the cause. In any case, you should consult a doctor. Therapy will depend on the diagnosis and condition of the sick child:

• If an allergic reaction is confirmed, it is necessary to exclude contact with the allergen and take antihistamines.
• For chickenpox, treatment will be aimed at relieving symptoms - antipyretic drugs and antihistamines are prescribed to help relieve itching. Rashes can be burned with brilliant green. It is allowed to bathe the child, but only by gently pouring water over it.

• For measles and rubella, treatment is also aimed at relieving symptoms - an antipyretic for high temperatures, cough and runny nose medicine, and drinking plenty of fluids.
• For mononucleosis, antihistamines, antipyretics and choleretic agents, vitamins and immunomodulators.
• Scarlet fever - bacterial infection, which is treated with antibiotics of the penicillin group. Drinking plenty of fluids, bed rest, and medications to relieve symptoms are also recommended.
• Meningococcal infection is the most dangerous infection bacterial type, in which there is a high risk of death. If you experience the slightest symptoms, call immediately ambulance. Treatment is only inpatient; it is impossible to relieve symptoms at home. Antibiotics, anticonvulsant therapy, cardiovascular drugs, administration will be used for treatment saline solutions and etc.

Prevention of infectious diseases is vaccination. It is strictly forbidden to pick off the rashes, squeeze them out or comb them.

Dangerous symptoms

There are some symptoms that accompany the rash, and for which you should immediately call an ambulance:

• The rash covers the entire area of ​​the body.
• There is unbearable itching.
• There is a fever.
• Accompanied by swelling, vomiting, loss of consciousness and nausea.
• Most danger sign- if the rash looks like stellate hemorrhages.

Conclusion

In most cases, the rash is not serious. But it's worth remembering serious illnesses, which she can accompany. Therefore, if a rash appears on a child’s body with fever and other symptoms, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Newborn babies look nothing like the pink, smiling babies in the pictures. Red, wrinkled, they squeak, grunt, something is constantly happening to them - hyperemia, a rash, the skin begins to peel off.

Basically, all these phenomena are functional, this is how the baby adapts to life: endocrine system removes unnecessary hormones, local immunity is formed, so sometimes worry is unnecessary, but knowing the types of rashes and their origin is necessary so as not to miss a really dangerous signal.

There are several types of rashes in children:

• A spot is a non-relief formation on the skin that differs in color - reddened or, conversely, white.
• A papule is a nodular rash without cavities that can reach a size of 3 cm.
• A plaque is a thickening that protrudes above the skin.
• Vesicles and blisters are cavity formations containing clear liquid.
• A pustule is a cavity with purulent contents.
• A hemorrhagic rash appears in the form of red spots or dots of varying sizes; if the skin at the spot is stretched or pressed, the spot will not disappear or change color.

Factors that cause a red rash on the body

All rashes on a child’s body can be divided into main groups:

1. Diseases of an infectious nature.

Scarlet fever, measles, chickenpox and others. The disease is usually accompanied by fever, the rash precedes the fever or appears after the end of the acute period. The disease may be accompanied by a cough, runny nose, and poor health of the baby.

1. A rash is the body's reaction to an allergen.

At different allergic reactions the rash is localized in different ways: on the arms and legs, on the back or stomach. As a rule, an itchy rash appears in the form of spots, small blisters; with urticaria, they can enlarge and merge into one spot. The rash does not affect the child's well-being, but the baby may become moody due to itching.

1. Diseases of the blood and blood vessels.

With diseases of the blood or blood vessels, a hemorrhagic rash forms on the body in the form of star-shaped spots, non-relief dots or bruises of different locations and colors. Most often it appears on the legs.

1. Improper or insufficient hygiene, which can cause a rash.

If hygiene is insufficient or incorrect, the rash is localized in the elbows, under the knees, in the groin - where the natural folds of the child are present.

The main causes of small rashes in newborns

1. Toxic erythema.

Enough common occurrence in newborns, it manifests itself as pustules 1-2 mm, with white-yellow contents and a red border. The rash can cover the baby's entire body, sparing only the feet and palms, or be localized on the crooks of the arms and legs, or on the buttocks. The rash does not affect the general condition of the baby in any way; after some time it goes away on its own, however, with a very profuse rash, an increase in temperature and enlargement of the lymph nodes may be observed. The disease does not require specific treatment other than symptomatic.

1. Acne of newborns.

The cause of acne in newborns is considered to be the activation of the baby's sebaceous glands. It appears in the form of pustules, mainly on the face, less often on the head and neck.

Just like erythema, it is a physiological condition and does not require special treatment. The rash goes away on its own without leaving any scars.

1. Prickly heat.

Miliaria occurs as a response of the child’s skin to non-compliance with the temperature regime. If the baby is dressed too warmly, the sweat does not have time to completely evaporate, and irritation appears. Usually localized in the bends of the arms and legs, on the back, on the back of the head in the form of white or translucent bubbles no larger than 1 mm in size. Miliaria quickly goes away when the cause of overheating is eliminated and proper hygiene is used: there is no need to wrap the child up, clothes should be made from natural fabrics so as not to interfere with sweating, after bathing, do not rush to immediately dress the baby - air baths are very useful for children.

1. Diaper dermatitis.

The name itself speaks about the source of the disease - untimely changing of diapers; It’s even more dangerous when the diaper is soaked in a mixture of the baby’s urine and feces; especially caustic substances are formed in this environment that irritate the baby’s skin. In the groin area and on the buttocks, abrasions and redness form.

With absence proper hygiene A severe form of dermatitis may develop - blisters, weeping erosions.

Proper care and hygiene will not only eliminate the symptoms of the disease, but also prevent its recurrence.

Disposable diapers - good remedy prevention of diaper dermatitis, because, by absorbing and absorbing urine, they do not allow it to combine with feces. Diapers should be selected strictly according to the child’s weight and changed every 3-5 hours.

Diseases caused by infection and accompanied by red spots on the arms, legs, back and abdomen

1. Measles.

• Up to 4 weeks can pass between the entry of the virus and the first manifestations of the disease.
• The possibility of infection increases in the last five days of the latent period.
• The onset of the disease is characterized high temperature, the appearance of a cough and runny nose, loose stools may occur, and a decrease in body weight in infants for about four days.
• Small white spots, similar to semolina, appear on the inner surface of the cheeks; it is by these spots that measles is diagnosed. At the peak of these manifestations, the rash, starting from the head, moves to top part body, arms and legs. Around day 4, the baby is covered in a rash. As the rash increases, the signs of a cold disappear and the child becomes mobile.
• Measles rash leaves spots that first peel off and then disappear completely.
• There is no special treatment for measles, only symptomatic, to alleviate the child’s condition - antipyretic drugs, cough and runny nose remedies, and plenty of fluids.
• Once a child recovers from measles, he or she gains lifelong immunity.
• Measles is a highly contagious disease, the most effective prevention- vaccination.

1. Rubella

1. Scarlet fever.

• A sharp increase in temperature to 39°, enlarged lymph nodes, the baby becomes lethargic.
• A sore throat develops rapidly, it is difficult for the child to swallow, the tongue becomes covered with a whitish coating, the larynx is bright red, inflamed, and on about the fourth day the tongue clears up, also becoming red.
• On the 1-2 day of illness, a rash appears - pinpoint rashes on reddened skin, especially a lot of rash in the groin, armpits and elbows. A clear sign scarlet fever - a pale nasolabial triangle surrounded by bright red skin of the cheeks.
• The rash goes away on the third or fourth day, however, the sore throat will have to be treated for several more days.
• Scarlet fever is treated with drugs of the penicillin group, also prescribed antihistamines, drinking plenty of fluids, bed rest.
• Scarlet fever builds immunity in the person who has been ill; there are no vaccinations against it, since it is caused not by viruses, but by group A streptococcus.

1. Infectious mononucleosis.

• Mononucleosis can be contracted through contact with someone who is sick.
• The latent period of the disease lasts from 5 to 15 days, the disease itself lasts 7-10 days.
• There is an increase in temperature, muscle aches, the child may sweat heavily, all lymph nodes are enlarged, nasal breathing difficult, but there is no discharge, the tonsils are enlarged, covered with white or yellow coating, the liver and spleen are also enlarged, the urine is dark.
• A small pink rash appears on the arms, back, and stomach, which does not itch and disappears after a few days. Mononucleosis can be distinguished from ARVI by conducting a blood test - the content of mononuclear cells in the blood will be increased.
• Mononucleosis is a viral disease, its treatment is nonspecific - antipyretics and antihistamines are prescribed, choleretic and hepatoprotective drugs are prescribed to restore the liver, and immunomodulators are prescribed to strengthen the immune system. During the year after the disease, the child’s condition is constantly monitored.
• Vaccination infectious mononucleosis is not carried out.

1. Erythema infectiosum

1. Sudden exanthema

• Characterized by high fever and skin rashes, most often children from 9 months to 1 year get sick, infants under 5 months get sick less often.
• The latent period is considered to be from 5 to 15 days from the moment of infection.
• The disease begins suddenly, with a high temperature, there are no catarrhal symptoms, if they occur, they are rare, the child is weakened, he has no appetite, and nausea occurs. Sometimes convulsions occur against a background of high temperature, but they go away on their own.
• The fever subsides on the 3rd day, at the same time the child develops a rash that quickly spreads from the back and abdomen to the rest of the body (chest, face, legs and arms).
• The rash is pink, dotted or in the form of small spots, does not merge and does not itch, and is not contagious.
  During the period of the rash, the child’s well-being improves, and within 2-4 days the rash disappears completely.
• Exanthema is also called three-day fever for the rapid period of development; it mainly occurs during teething, and high temperature is associated with this, without having time to diagnose the underlying disease.
• Treatment of the disease is also symptomatic - taking antipyretic and antihistamine drugs.
• Sudden exanthema causes persistent immunity; vaccination is not carried out.

1. Varicella or chickenpox.

1. Meningococcal sepsis.

• Sepsis begins rapidly - high fever up to 40°, anxiety, vomiting, loose stools, and convulsions may occur. The occipital muscles are painful, the child throws his head back and tightens his legs.
• Some time after these symptoms, a characteristic rash appears on the skin - star-shaped, it does not turn pale when pressed - a distinctive sign of a hemorrhagic rash.
• Hemorrhages may occur in the adrenal glands, which appear on the skin as bluish, cadaver-like spots. If urgent measures are not taken, the child may die in the first day.
• Treatment of sepsis is classified as emergency and is carried out:
• antibiotic therapy (penicillin);
• anticonvulsant therapy;
• introduction of saline solutions;
• cardiovascular drugs;
• treatment that relieves other syndromes.
• Treatment is carried out only inpatient.

If the family of the sick person has small children or employees of child care institutions, mandatory vaccination is carried out. Vaccination is one of the most effective methods prevention of meningococcal sepsis.

1. Impetigo.

Types of rashes that are not infectious in nature

1. Atopic dermatitis.

The genetic disease is the most common skin lesion and has the character chronic disease, accompanied by periods of exacerbation and remission, usually begins in connection with the transition to formula or after the introduction of complementary foods in the first six months of a child’s life.

The rash is localized on the cheeks, frontal area, may gradually appear under the knees, on the shoulders, and sometimes the skin of the buttocks is affected - this is the infant phase, after 18 one month old the disease enters the childhood phase and is characterized by red spots that can form continuous lesions, mainly in the elbow and popliteal folds, on the sides of the cheeks, and on the hands.

The spots are very itchy, the child scratches them, so they may be covered with crusts. By adolescence, with diet and proper therapy, dermatitis passes into the adult form in about 30% of children, in the rest it goes away completely.

Diet is the main element of treatment, as well as antipruritic and decongestant therapy with antihistamines.

1. Allergy rash.

Manifestations of allergies are varied: tearfulness, sneezing, rashes. Urticaria and contact dermatitis are types of allergic reactions that are characterized by rashes on the body.

With direct contact with an allergen - this could be ointments, creams, some woolen products - allergic contact dermatitis may occur.

The rash looks like blisters filled with liquid, and the surrounding skin is swollen and red.

Urticaria is a reaction to ingestion of a product containing an allergen; the rash appears in the form of raised, severely itchy spots that can merge into one, increasing the surface of the irritation.

How to treat allergies?

• First of all, identify and eliminate the provoking factor;
• antihistamines will relieve swelling and itching;
• to remove allergen remnants from the body, they take drugs that remove toxins - activated carbon;
• spots can be lubricated with antihistamine ointments.

Insect bites

An itchy blister appears at the site of the insect bite, the skin around it is red and slightly swollen.

It is necessary to apply cold to the bite site and lubricate it with antihistamine ointment, try to prevent scratching so that the child does not get an additional infection, monitor the baby so as not to miss an acute reaction to the bite - if there is difficulty breathing or a rise in temperature, call a doctor.

Mosquitoes

1. Red blister.
2. It may develop into a papule and not go away for several days.
3. Less commonly, redness with swelling.

Wasps, bees

1. Sudden pain, redness, swelling
2. A sting may remain at the site of the bite.
3. Less commonly, urticaria and Quincke's edema.

Scabies mites

1. Severe night itching.
2. Pronounced burrows, papules
3. Located between the fingers, in the groin, in the elbow and knee bends.

Bedbugs

1. The number of bites increases after night.
2. Itchy papules in the form of a track.

Rash emergencies. First aid

If a rash on the body is accompanied by the following symptoms, you should immediately call a doctor:

• a sharp increase in body temperature;
• with hemorrhagic stellate rash;
• the child has difficulty breathing;
• the rash covers the entire body and causes severe itching;
• vomiting and loss of consciousness begin.

Carry out the following manipulations:

• lay the child on the floor with his legs raised;
• if you lose consciousness, lay on your side;
• do not feed or give water to the child.

Antihistamines approved for pediatric use

What is strictly prohibited if a rash appears in a child?

• squeeze out or open blisters, pustules;
• Allow your child to scratch the blisters;
• Before examination by a pediatrician, lubricate the rash with something.

Rash in young children can be caused by the most for various reasons: from minor irritation to serious illness. Of course, it is necessary to distinguish between types of rashes, know the symptoms of diseases, causing rash, but self-medication, ignoring the examination of a sick child by a pediatrician, is unacceptable.

Usually, a rash on a child’s body causes a lot of concern among parents. Really, common symptom various infections, causing a lot of discomfort. However timely treatment skin rashes allows you to quickly forget about itching and burning.

A rash in a child can appear not only on the entire body, but also affect only one area. The number of acceptable diagnoses is reduced and recovery occurs faster

On the head

Rash worries babies different areas bodies.

• On the back of the head small dots Pink colour most often they talk about overheating and the development of prickly heat.
• Abundant bubbles and blisters on the back of the head or cheeks indicate infection with scabies.
• Inflammations in the cheeks and beard indicate allergies to food or medications.
• If a child has a rash on his eyelids, it means that the child has been selected with the wrong hygiene products. If the rashes on the eyelids look like scales or become crusty, dermatitis is likely to develop.

Around the neck

On the hands and wrists

In the abdominal area

A rash on the abdomen in the form of red blisters occurs in newborns from toxic erythema, which goes away on its own. The abdominal area and hip area most often suffer from pemphigus. The disease begins with slight redness, blisters appear and begin to burst. Similar symptoms are typical for exfoliating dermatitis.

In case of violation bacterial microflora appear in the abdominal area erysipelas. Do not forget about the acceptable minor rashes from allergies, prickly heat and infections such as chickenpox or scabies.

On the lower back

On the inner and outer thighs

Rashes on a child’s thighs usually appear due to poor hygiene. Often the baby simply sweats in his diapers and suffers from poor-quality clothing. The result is prickly heat. Allergic reactions often provoke inflammation on the inner thigh.

A rash on the thighs indicates the presence of measles, rubella, chickenpox or scarlet fever. In rare cases, rashes indicate diseases of the circulatory system.

In the groin area

A groin rash is the result of infrequent diaper changes or skin contact with dirty diapers. Red diaper rash appears on the skin, and bacteria multiply in it. Miliaria in the groin area in the form pink spots It often appears in a baby as a result of overheating in the sun. Sometimes the source of the rash is candidiasis. Finally, the baby may develop an allergy to diapers.

On the buttocks

The rash on the butt has a nature similar to the causes of groin irritation. Rarely changing diapers and violating hygiene rules lead to an inflammatory process. The butt area can suffer from allergies to food or diapers, prickly heat and diathesis.

On the legs, knees and heels and can itch

A small rash on the legs usually appears as a result of dermatitis or allergies. If it itches and resembles mosquito bites, most likely the baby actually suffered from insects.

The cause of a rash on the legs can be an infection or injury. skin. If your child has itchy heels, the rash is most likely caused by a fungus. An allergic reaction on the heels manifests itself in the form of flaky patches that itch and cause swelling of the feet. On knee joints the rash can appear with eczema, lichen and psoriasis.

On all parts of the body

Inflammation of the skin throughout the body often indicates infection. If a child is covered with a small rash and it itches, the cause is probably an allergic reaction (see: allergic rash) of the body to a strong irritant. If there is no itching from the rash, these causes can be excluded. Most likely there is a problem with metabolism or the functioning of internal organs.

When the rash all over the body is also colorless, most likely the baby is working too hard sebaceous glands. Vitamin deficiency and hormonal imbalances in a child’s body can make themselves felt through rashes without color.

Nature of the rash

If you look closely at your baby's rash, you will notice features. Color, shape and structure.

Like nettle

A rash that resembles nettle spots indicates a special type of allergy - urticaria. Pink blisters on the skin are very itchy and accompanied by an increase in body temperature. The most common cause of urticaria is hot water, stress, strong physical exercise. The rash resembles small blisters on the chest or neck.

Like a mosquito bite

If the rash resembles a mosquito bite, your baby is allergic to poor nutrition. In newborns, this reaction often indicates irregularities in the nursing mother’s diet. Mosquito bites- talk about the effect of any blood-sucking insects on the skin, for example, ticks or fleas.

In the form of spots

A patchy rash is a very common form of skin inflammation. Most often, the reason lies in a disease of the integument itself or in the presence of an infection. The size of the spots and their color play a big role. Rashes similar to spots appear with lichen, allergies, dermatitis and eczema.

Rough to the touch

The rough rash is most often caused by eczema. At the same time they suffer back sides palms and face. Rough rashes that resemble sandpaper are sometimes caused by keratosis, a form of allergy. Small pimples this affects the back and lateral areas of the hands, but sometimes inflammation occurs inside hips

In the form of bubbles and blisters

A rash in the form of blisters appears on the baby’s body as a result of urticaria (see: urticaria in children), miliaria, pemphigus. Among the infectious diseases, rashes with blisters are caused by rubella and chickenpox.

To match your skin color

Flesh-colored growths on the skin are called papules. A rash of this color indicates eczema, psoriasis, or contact dermatitis. Sometimes a colorless rash is caused by hormonal changes in the child's body.

Redness due to infections

Signs accompanying the rash often indicate the development serious illness at the baby's.

For sore throat

Often, observing the primary signs of a sore throat in a baby (fever and cough), after a certain time parents notice a rash on his body. Development is likely here infectious disease against the background of weakened immunity. Sometimes redness appears due to tonsillitis. Do not forget that in the process of treating a sore throat, a child often develops an allergy to antibiotics.

For ARVI

The appearance of a rash in combination with the usual symptoms of ARVI has similar causes. The child may have an intolerance to the components of the drugs or an allergy to folk remedies. Most often, redness occurs after a course of antibiotics for ARVI.

From chickenpox

Chickenpox causes itchy spots in babies that almost immediately become large blisters. The rash occurs on the palms, face, torso and even in the mouth. The disease is accompanied by high fever and headaches. When the bubbles burst, the baby's skin becomes crusty.

The answer to the question of how long it takes for the rash to completely disappear depends on the timeliness of treatment. Usually 3-5 days are enough.

When measles develops

In the case of measles, the baby usually suffers from fever and large red spots that almost merge with each other. The rash from measles appears first on the head, and then spreads to the torso and limbs. The first signs of measles resemble common cold. This is a strong dry cough, sneezing and tears. Then the temperature rises. How many days does it take for the rashes to go away? As a rule, the skin recovers on the third day.

From infection with scarlet fever

Scarlet fever signals itself by the appearance of small dots on the 2nd day of illness. There is especially a lot of small rash in the elbow and knee bends, on the palms, and in the folds of the skin. The speed of treatment usually does not affect how many days the redness disappears. The rash disappears on its own after 1-2 weeks.

For meningitis

A bright red or purple rash appears on the body of children with meningococcal infection. The disease affects the blood vessels of the skin, causing inflammation on the skin different shapes. With meningitis, there are rashes on the mucous membranes, on the legs and arms, and on the sides of the body.

When to call a doctor

• The child develops a fever and the temperature rises to 40 degrees.
• A rash appears all over the body and unbearable itching occurs.
• Begin headache, vomiting and confusion in the baby.
• The rash looks like star-shaped hemorrhages.
• Swelling and difficulty breathing appear.

What absolutely should not be done

• Squeeze out pustules yourself.
• Rip off or pop bubbles.
• Scratch the rash.
• Apply brightly colored preparations to the skin (this will make it difficult to make a diagnosis).

In general, a rash is a symptom of many diseases. Sometimes it leads to serious problems, and sometimes it goes away on its own. In any case, it would be a good idea to consult a doctor.

Prevention

1. Timely vaccinations can protect a child from infections (But remember, vaccinations are not always beneficial, everything is individual!). There are now vaccinations against meningitis and rashes caused by it. Ask your doctor for more details.
2. Proper introduction of complementary foods can protect a small child from allergic reactions. It is recommended to accustom your child to healthy image life and proper nutrition. This will not only prevent many diseases and strengthen the immune system, but also reduce the risk of allergic rashes.
3. If you suspect that your baby has contracted an infection, immediately limit his contact with a potential source of infection.

Let's sum it up

• Its localization plays a big role in determining the cause of the rash. The areas of the body that come into most contact with clothing or diapers usually suffer from dermatitis and heat rash. The baby's face often becomes covered with an allergy rash. A rash all over the body indicates the development of an infection or a metabolic disorder in the body.
• Pay attention to the shape of the rash and its color. Small dots indicate allergic reactions, and large spots- about infections. Colorless rash is not contagious, and roughness indicates disorders in the child’s body.
• Follow general condition baby, because other symptoms allow you to accurately determine the factor causing redness of the skin. However, keep in mind that these diseases, like acute respiratory viral infections and tonsillitis, very rarely cause a rash on their own. It is worth observing the child's daily routine, because the rash often appears after visiting the pool and similar public places.
• If a child's rash is accompanied by coughing, vomiting and high fever, we are talking about an infectious disease. At the same time, the whole body becomes covered with spots and itches. With proper treatment, rashes in children disappear after 3-5 days. Sometimes a rash and vomiting are signs of dysbiosis.

1. If a rash becomes a cause of concern in a newborn baby, the range of its causes is small. Often, pimples without pus appear on the neck and face of children 2 weeks after birth, disappearing on their own. In children under one year of age, small rashes are most often caused by heat rash due to wearing diapers or tight clothing. Red and pink rashes in a small child are associated with allergies to new foods.
2. When a rash appears after sun exposure, the baby is said to have photodermatosis. Sun allergy accompanied by itching, redness of the skin and boils. The rash is usually rough on the limbs, face and chest. Crusts, scales, and bubbles form.
3. Allergic reactions in a child’s body can manifest themselves to a variety of irritants. Often, after visiting the pool, a rash appears on the body of children due to the abundance of chlorine in the water. It has already been said that rashes can form even after a course of antibiotics for a sore throat. If we are talking about the treatment of serious diseases such as leukemia, allergies appear within a month.
4. A small, bright rash in children under the third year of life can appear when new teeth erupt. Here, the rashes are accompanied by a slight fever and weakened immunity due to the appearance of teeth. Most often, teething rashes are located on the neck.
5. If the rash in babies is not constant (appears and disappears), most likely, there is contact with an irritant that causes an allergy or dermatitis, which occurs periodically. In addition, the rash disappears and appears again with the development of infectious diseases (measles and scarlet fever), urticaria.
6. To prevent a severe rash in a child, do not try to introduce new foods into his diet too quickly. If your baby shows signs of allergies after swimming in the pool, choose another establishment where the water is not treated with chlorine.