Staphylococcus aureus in the nose. Symptoms and treatment of staphylococcus in the nose Saprophytic staphylococcus in a child in the nose

Staphylococci are bacteria that live everywhere. They have high resistance to extreme conditions environment: drought, frost and lack of oxygen. Staphylococcus aureus lives in surrounding nature, apartments, offices and on our skin. Of all the varieties of staphylococcus aureus (aureus) is one of the most dangerous, especially for a child. What is Staphylococcus aureus?

Man and staphylococcus

The child’s body, like any human body, interacts with the outside world on various levels, including microbiological. Our immunity is a protective barrier when interacting with bacteria various types. Constantly exposed to microbiological “attacks,” the immune system successfully fights some threats, but cannot cope with others.

Microbes are divided into pathogenic and opportunistic. Pathogenic bacteria can cause infectious diseases, and conditionally pathogenic ones will cause the disease only with a combination of certain factors.

Create a completely sterile environment for Everyday life human is impossible. It is in constant interaction with a huge number of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. One of the most common among them is Staphylococcus aureus. Human immunity is individual, its level is influenced by genes, lifestyle and general health body. Staphylococcus aureus constantly or periodically lives in the human nose in about 80% of people. And only 20% have such a strong immunity that it prevents it from settling on the nasal mucosa.

It is easy to become infected with staphylococcus

Is Staphylococcus aureus in the nose contagious? In fact, eight out of ten people are carriers of this infection in an inactive form, the remaining two have resistance (resistance) to it. Staphylococci enter our body in various ways.

The most common of them:

• when breathing along with dust particles;
• when interacting with other people, since bacteria are on our skin;
• when eating poorly thermally processed food (boiling kills staphylococcus).

Therefore, it is quite easy to “catch” staphylococcus. There is no need to worry too much about this, since it is impossible to avoid. The conditionally pathogenic type of the bacterium makes it harmless to the human nose.

But another question is interesting: for what reason does Staphylococcus aureus, which is constantly or periodically in the nose, enter the pathogenic stage with the development of a complete infectious process? The reason is the immunosuppressed state that occurs during a viral infection.

Mechanism of infection

All viruses have their own characteristics, even those that are commonly called colds. One of them is that viruses can suppress the immune system by blocking the interferon it produces. This is done by a virus to enable unhindered penetration into healthy cells of the body and start the process of self-replication (self-reproduction) in them.

Staphylococcus aureus takes advantage of suppressed immunity and penetrates deep into the mucous membrane, then through the respiratory tract system it can reach the human middle ear. It turns out that viral infection and there is the catalyst that entails the transition of staphylococcus from the opportunistic phase to the pathogenic phase, causing an infection in the nose Staphylococcus aureus.

The following viruses cause Staphylococcus aureus infection:

• Any respiratory viruses.
• Herpes virus (which is the most immunosuppressive).
• Immunodeficiency virus.

Normal and main symptoms

Note! Main feature active work Staphylococcus aureus in the nose is a purulent inflammation.

Transitioning into a pathogenic state, staphylococcus causes symptoms such as:

Often the infection spreads further to the mucous membrane of the pharynx and the Eustachian tube, going straight into the middle ear cavity. In this case, the purulent process is localized accordingly. In the event that a person has chronic sinusitis, Staphylococcus aureus causes an exacerbation of the disease.

Diagnostics

According to its diagnostic indications, Staphylococcus aureus infection is similar to other bacterial infections caused by pneumococci, streptococci, and Haemophilus influenzae. Ideal conditions to accurately identify the type of pathogen - taking a purulent culture test from the nose. Its results will be known in a few days.

This is the problem, since the infectious process does not stand still. And if you do not fight the infection, then over time it spreads to the nearest human organs and tissues. It is because of this that most often such tests are not done, but a standard one is prescribed in this case antibacterial treatment.

In most cases, Staphylococcus aureus infection, once it occurs, is not limited to the nasal cavity, but penetrates everything Airways , Also may also get into gastrointestinal tract . It spreads to all organs through the blood, that is, the disease acquires a generalized factor.

Note! In order to recognize and identify the infectious process, it is necessary to carry out a complete medical examination and a survey of the infected person, with the appointment of a full range of tests.

Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose: types of drugs

Important! You need to realize that it is not Staphylococcus aureus itself that is treated, but only pathogenic staphylococcus , which manifests itself as purulent inflammation and high fever.

For the treatment of staphylococcus in both adults and children, they are used the following types drugs:

• Antibiotics.
• Antihistamines.
• Immunostimulants.

Antibiotics- This traditional drugs, used for bacterial infections. First of all, synthetic penicillin containing clavulanate is used.

Antihistamines are medications that block histamine receptors in the human body.

This results in a reduction in histamine effects such as cramps.

What kind of drugs are used?

The above types contain drugs such as:

• Amoxiclav.
• Panclave.
• Flemoclav.

Staphylococci can be resistant to certain types of antibiotics. If the patient’s condition does not improve within two days after starting antibiotics, it is necessary to replace the drug with a more effective one - these are antibiotics from the cephalosporin and macrolide groups.

Medicines that stimulate the immune system for streptococcal infections in the nose:

• Streptococcal bacteriophage.
• IRS-19.
• Vitamin complexes.

For mild immune suppression, more complex regimens of immunostimulants are prescribed, including:

• Antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin.
• Antihistamines.
• Immunostimulatory peptides.
• Synthetic immunomodulators.

Topical preparations

Procedures play an important role in the treatment of staphylococcus local application, produced in this sequence:

1. Vasoconstrictor drops.
2. Rinsing the nasal passages with salt water.
3. Rinse the nasal canals with chlorhexidine.
4. Instillation with chlorophyllipt solution.

– is antimicrobial antiseptic with a wide range of action.

Chlorophyllipt is a drug based on an extract of eucalyptus leaves that actively affects streptococci. Place two to five drops into each nasal canal, three times a day, for one week.

If there are any in the nasal sinuses purulent inflammation, then it is advisable to use antibacterial ointment. Use 2% ointment Fusiderm. The ointment is applied to the infected areas three times a day for a week.

Treatment with folk remedies

Use of funds traditional medicine for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus is possible only for the purpose of immunostimulation. If you don't use antibiotics, your favorite traditional medicines will be useless.

Immunostimulating plants include:

From the above plants, infusions are prepared (from one or more) in the proportion of one tablespoon per 200 ml of water.

Treatment of pregnant women

During pregnancy, the use of antibiotics is extremely undesirable, but if Staphylococcus aureus develops in the form of an infectious process, then their use is necessary. Otherwise, the disease may take severe forms and cause serious complications. This fully applies to the treatment of a small child.

In pregnant women, treatment of staphylococcal infection involves a standard set of procedures and measures aimed at eliminating the infection and improving performance immune system.

What to Avoid

When treating Staphylococcus aureus, you should avoid such “manipulations” as:

• Heating the nose area. With a runny nose, purulent discharge from the nose, under no circumstances should you warm the bridge of the nose, cheeks and forehead. Especially if there is pain in these places.
• Overheating of the body. Overheating must be avoided and should not be taken hot bath or shower, visit the bathhouse and sauna.
• Hypothermia. Hypothermia is just as dangerous to the body as overheating.

Note! Overheating stimulates an increase in the growth rate of bacteria, and hypothermia leads to a weakening of the immune system and, accordingly, a decrease in the body's ability to resist.

Preventive measures

In most cases, the transformation of staphylococcus from an opportunistic to a pathogenic stage is associated with immunity, which is in a depressed state.

In this situation, the following factors are of fundamental importance when preventing the disease:

You should also follow basic hygiene rules:

• Thorough hand washing with soap.
• Thermal processing of meat and fish.
• Maintaining order in the living space, regular ventilation of the home, wet cleaning.

Staphylococcus aureus is considered to be pathogenic bacteria that can live quietly on the dermis and mucous membranes human body. These bacteria do not always make their presence known; quite often a person does not feel any factors of their presence.

Since these bacteria are pathogenic, they can harm the human body by causing a destructive effect on the vital activity of cells.

In medical science, Staphylococcus aureus was first described in 1884 and got its name because of its characteristic color. Many experts suggest that a moderate amount of these microorganisms in the human nose is normal, and the cause of pathological processes is the immune system, namely disturbances in its functioning.

Staphylococcus aureus

There are three main causes of this disease:

1. Transmission by direct contact. Children attending children's institutions can easily become infected from each other, since some are carriers of bacteria that are in an inactive state in their bodies, while others have a weakened immune system that is unable to resist the disease.
2. Self-infection with Staphylococcus aureus may occur due to the child not complying basic rules hygiene. Therefore, the parents of the baby, in order not to ask the doctor in the near future the question of how to treat staphylococcus in the child’s nose, should carefully monitor his hygiene. The child should wash his hands after walking and before eating, not bite his nails, etc.
3. Reduced immunity also causes the disease. Children with HIV are especially susceptible to it.

Parents of young children should remember that Staphylococcus aureus dangerous and difficult to treat. Very often, staphylococcus develops in a child’s nose, and treatment should begin immediately, since children’s immunity is weaker than that of an adult and it is more difficult to get rid of the disease.

This pathogenic microorganism is able to withstand even some modern antibiotics.

You can fight Staphylococcus aureus strong immunity, if this does not happen, then they develop on the nasal mucosa pathological processes.

Symptomatic signs of staphylococcus in children

Very often, inexperienced parents and illiterate specialists cannot identify the causes of prolonged rhinitis or ARVI, since general analysis blood may show the presence of only a slight inflammation, the child does not lose activity, but there are enough copious discharge from the nose and hypertrophy of the adenoid membrane is observed.

These are one of the first symptoms of staphylococcus in the nose in children.

Staphylococcus in the nose

Other symptoms also indicate the development of pathological processes:

1. Itching in the nose, large amounts of sniffling discharge.
2. Difficulty breathing due to nasal congestion.
3. Sore throat, redness.
4. Herpes around the nose and lips.
5. Increased body temperature.
6. Fatigue and lethargy.
7. Enlarged tonsils.
8. Headache.
9. Runny nose.

All of the above signs can appear both in combination and individually. In order to find out how to cure staphylococcus in the nose of a child, it is necessary to undergo a thorough examination.

It is based on the diagnostic results that the specialist selects the correct and appropriate solution.

Today, the method of diagnosing the disease is taking a smear for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The taken material is placed in a special environment where the bacteria actively develops.

Research is carried out after a week. In order for the analysis to give the correct result, consistency and sterility are required when taking it. Sometimes, for a more accurate result, sputum is taken from the child’s throat. Blood and urine are also donated.

Treatment methods for staphylococcus

Having become familiar with the symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose in children, and having received confirmation of the disease based on tests, specialist prescribes treatment.

There are several methods for treating Staphylococcus aureus in a child’s nasopharynx; usually the doctor prescribes them in combination, since the disease cannot be treated, for example, only by using traditional medicine.

Amoxiclav

Drug treatment usually consists of: doctor prescribes antibiotics(for example, azithromycin, amoxiclav, ceftriaxone and others) according to a certain scheme, which must not be violated under any circumstances.

Because incorrect treatment can lead to the fact that staphylococcus will not manifest itself for some time, but then it will make itself felt with renewed vigor and will already be resistant to this species.

IN modern medicine widely used to combat disease antistaphylococcal bacteriophage, but it is usually prescribed if the disease does not have complications, the course of treatment lasts about three weeks.

In addition to the above remedies, medications are prescribed to strengthen the immune system.

Mucous membranes advise wash with solutions based on sea ​​water , in some cases chlorophyllipt. If there are rashes, the doctor prescribes anti-inflammatory and drying drugs. Under no circumstances should they be scratched, so the child should cut their nails short and file them.

Very often specialists in addition to medicines It is recommended to use traditional medicine, especially this is relevant for pregnant women And . Such remedies include rinsing the nose and throat with solutions based on water, salt and iodine.

Swelling of the mucous membrane is relieved using tincture of calendula or chamomile. Honey helps strengthen the immune system and relieve sore throats.

But it is worth remembering that alone Staphylococcus aureus cannot be defeated using traditional medicine.

Azithromycin

With timely, competent and effective treatment, staphylococcus does not pose a danger to the child’s health. But, if the disease is diagnosed, treatment is completed, but it turns out to be ineffective, then it is worth being treated again, perhaps according to a different regimen.

Incomplete or ineffective treatment can lead to a chronic form of the disease and serious complications.

Gold in a child’s nose can lead to sinusitis, sinusitis, and prolonged runny nose. In order to avoid getting sick, parents should help their child lead a healthy lifestyle, observe hygiene rules, organize proper nutrition, and awaken an interest in sports.

You should also remember to take vitamins at a time when the immune system especially needs help, for example, after a cold.

In contact with

Although human body inhabited by hundreds of species of bacteria, not all can exist peacefully with their host. One of these inhabitants is Staphylococcus aureus - it causes pathological processes on the skin in response to its toxins, which staphylococcus actively secretes. Most often, Staphylococcus aureus can be found on mucous membranes, including the nose. To know how to treat staphylococcus in the nose effectively and quickly, you need to consult a doctor. It is he who will prescribe the most appropriate treatment regimen, taking into account individual characteristics patient.

Treatment of the disease

The main category of drugs used in the treatment of staphylococcus are antibacterial agents. Don't be afraid to prescribe antibiotics. In this case, this approach is completely justified, because only antibacterial drugs can fight the infection. In addition, when contacting a doctor, the drug will be selected individually, taking into account all the characteristics of the patient.

When prescribing drugs for staphylococcus, doctors take into account the following features of this pathogenic microorganism:

• Staphylococcus aureus is very difficult to cure, since the bacterium actively adapts to some antibiotics and practically no drugs have any effect on it;
• with frequent use antibacterial agents a super-resistant strain may develop and treatment tactics will have to be radically changed;
• the wrong choice of drug for treating the disease can provoke an even greater proliferation of staphylococcus in the nasal passages;
• if the mucous surfaces of the nasal cavity are affected, there is a high risk of infection entering the blood, so treatment must be started quickly and in full;
• staphylococcus causes serious complications - purulent skin lesions (pyoderma), endocarditis, sepsis, meningitis, intestinal intoxication. Therefore, it is unacceptable to treat staphylococcus with folk remedies. This will only lead to worsening pathology and complications, which in newborns, for example, can lead to death, and in adults – to disability.

On initial stage Patients are prescribed medications in the form of tablets. The tablets are very convenient to use; you can carry them with you all the time, using them according to the scheme. At severe course The disease cannot be treated with pills alone, so doctors prescribe injection solutions, treatment is mainly inpatient.

A staphylococcal infection in the nasal cavity is treated for about a month on average. Active use Antibacterial drugs provide significant improvements by the end of the first week of therapy, but this is not a reason to stop taking the prescribed medications. In this case, the infection is simply preserved and will appear at the first opportunity - hypothermia, decreased immunity, etc.
Antibacterial drugs

The antibiotic Azithromycin works well against Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus that has infected the nasal cavity can be cured with penicillin antibiotics and second and third generation cephalosporins. Among the drugs, the most popular is Ampicillin, a powerful antibacterial drug aimed at destroying pathogenic microorganisms on the mucous membranes. Nafcillin and Sulbactam are also used.

If several types of bacteria are present, doctors prescribe combined agents, among which Flemoklav and Amoxiclav give success in treatment. If certain antibiotics are intolerant, the drugs can be replaced with Erythromycin, Cephalexin, Azithromycin, Cephalotin. Effective drugs against Staphylococcus aureus, which affects the nasal mucosa, are Unazin, Actilin, Oxacillin, Sumamed, Vanmiksan, Ofloxacin, Vancoled, Nemitsin, Ceftriaxone. If staphylococcus is detected in a woman during pregnancy, doctors select only those drugs that do not have a teratogenic effect on the fetus.

Among the strains of Staphylococcus aureus that affect the nasal passages, the most dangerous is the resistant MRSA strain. This is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which not all antibacterial drugs can combat. The MRSA strain appears in those patients who have extremely low immunity - people with the human immunodeficiency virus, the elderly, those who have undergone organ transplantation, radiation for oncological diseases etc. Therefore, when this type of staphylococcus is detected, patients are prescribed more powerful antibacterial drugs - Teicoplanin and Vancomycin. These drugs are prescribed by a doctor according to special regimens, since they are rarely used in the treatment of typical Staphylococcus aureus.

If it is impossible to prescribe drugs or if there is no therapeutic effect In order to prevent serious complications from the disease, doctors resort to extreme measures and prescribe anti-staphylococcal immunoglobulin or toxoid. With these drugs you can relieve severe intoxication body and significantly improve the patient's condition. Along with these drugs, doctors also prescribe treatment with bacteriophage, but it cannot be carried out along with treatment with Chlorophyllipt - alcohol solution. Alcohol neutralizes the effect of bacteriophages, so this treatment will not be effective. To be treated with a bacteriophage, you need to put cotton wool pads soaked in a bacteriophage solution in your nose for a quarter of an hour. Such turundas are placed twice a day, the course of treatment is determined by the doctor.

Systemic drugs

The action of this group of drugs is aimed at increasing the body's defenses. For this purpose, doctors prescribe immunomodulators, anti-allergenic drugs and vitamins.

Among immunomodulators good effect The products have Immunorix, Poludan, Galavit, Derinat, Taktivin, Immunal. Suitable for relieving nasal swelling and making breathing easier antihistamines Zirtec, Erius, Loratadine, Tavegil, but Diazolin and Suprastin may be weak. Vitamin complexes for patients with staphylococcus do not differ in certain qualities - it will be enough to take Supradin, Alphabet and other multivitamins recommended by the doctor. It is especially important to carry out vitamin therapy in a child, since childhood immunity is often weakened.

Means for local treatment

Most effective treatment staphylococcus in the nose and nasopharynx will occur if the patient treats the affected area with drugs local action. You can rinse your nose with such agents as Chlorhexidine and Miramistin in solutions that are antiseptics. The nose can also be washed with Chlorophyllipt solution. Do this four times a day for a week.

You can instill nose drops with Isofra, Protargol, Bioparox and Polydexa, which have an antibacterial and vasoconstrictor effect. Bioparox is very convenient for treating the nasal mucosa. The product is sold at the pharmacy in the form of an aerosol, which must be injected into the nostrils one at a time, covering the second nostril during injection and drawing in air with the medicine. Then the same manipulations are done with the second nostril. The drug IRS-19 is recommended for the same purpose in children.

Bioparox is very convenient to use in the form of inhalations

An excellent effect is obtained by instilling Chlorophyllipt into the nose, a few drops in each nostril twice a day. In addition to Chlorophyllipt, doctors recommend treating the nasal passages with hydrogen peroxide, but not in pure form, but with a diluted product with a quarter of a percent peroxide. To achieve such a concentration, it is necessary to dilute three percent hydrogen peroxide with warm water in a ratio of one to ten, after which the resulting product can be used to both irrigate the nasal passages and make lotions with it from cotton wool soaked in liquid. The use of undiluted hydrogen peroxide in both adults and children is strictly prohibited. This will lead to drying out of the mucous membrane, the appearance of microcracks and the entry of staphylococcal infection into the blood.

When the infection spreads beyond the boundaries of the nasal mucosa and characteristic lesions appear on the skin around the wings of the nose, in the nasolabial fold, the use of Tetracycline and Erythromycin ointments is indicated. Fucidin, Baneocin, Bactroban, Supirocin and Fuciderm ointments provide excellent results. They are active against most strains of staphylococcus. The preparations are applied to the skin several times a day, rubbing the liniment well into the affected areas.

Bactroban ointment containing mupirocin actively fights even resistant strains of staphylococcus

The course of therapy when treating with ointments is from seven to ten days.

If the ulcers on the skin do not go away after conservative treatment, doctors decide to surgically open the inflammatory tumors. A brilliant green solution, to which Staphylococcus aureus is very susceptible, works well against ulcers on the skin near the nose.

If there is a significant separation of purulent contents, it is very important to remove it from the nasal passages in a timely manner so as not to provoke a worsening of the situation. To do this, the attending physician advises rinsing the nose with mild saline solutions Physiomer, No-sol, Humer and others. If necessary, doctors will recommend replacing saline solutions decoctions medicinal plants. The following agents have been successfully used as nasal rinsing solutions:

• chamomile decoction - throw a tablespoon of dried chamomile flowers into a glass of water, bring to a boil and leave covered for a quarter of an hour. Then, without a lid, the product is cooled to room temperature and used to rinse the nose;
• infusion of linden flowers - the product is prepared in a thermos, into which two tablespoons of linden blossom are poured and poured with a glass of boiling water. After sealing the container, the linden blossom is infused for three hours, and then cooled to a comfortable temperature and used to rinse the nasal passages;
• remedy with eucalyptus oil– preparing the washing liquid is very simple: dissolve a teaspoon in a glass of warm water sea ​​salt and add 2-3 drops of eucalyptus oil there. Rinse your nose when the liquid has cooled slightly.

Salt water with eucalyptus oil will become good remedy prevention of the spread of staphylococcal infection to the throat and oral cavity

If staphylococcus is present in the nose, medications must be prescribed to prevent infection in the larynx. Doctors recommend Lisobact lozenges, rinsing with Miramistin and Furacillin, hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate. These measures will help protect your throat from staphylococcal infection.

If staphylococcus is detected, all people living in the same room with the sick person must be tested for this opportunistic microorganism. There is a high probability that they may also be carriers of the bacteria. If there is an infection in relatives, treatment will also be needed, and doctors will prescribe how to treat staphylococcus in the throat and nose of carriers of the bacteria. The sick person himself, three months after the end of treatment, needs to re-take a scraping from the nasal mucosa to check for the presence of staphylococcus. Staphylococcus can be considered successfully cured if the level of microorganisms does not exceed the norm at which the body will successfully cope with the bacterium.

Staphylococcus aureus is a harmless microorganism. It is found on the skin and in the nose of a third of all people on the planet. At good immunity the infection does not cause harm, and people are just its carriers. Staphylococcus is dangerous when it penetrates inside the body, as it can cause severe infections of deep tissues.

Symptoms

You can get infected from infected person, in a hospital, maternity hospital and other medical institution. The nose and its cavities are one of the favorite places of this pathogen. The following symptoms may cause suspected staphylococcal infection:

• Hyperemia of the mucous membrane;
• Runny nose and stuffiness;
• High temperature and severe intoxication, malaise, which can cause serious condition adult and child;
• A characteristic feature is pustules, inflammation of the skin on the vestibule of the nose.

In the nose, the pathogen can cause sinusitis, runny nose and otitis media.

What is the danger

The pathogen has high activity, rapid reproduction. Discharge flowing down back wall pharynx, easily enter the gastrointestinal tract, where infection can cause gastritis, pancreatitis, enterocolitis.

Other complications:

• endocarditis;
• osteomyelitis;
• severe intoxication;
• skin lesions;
• meningitis;
• blood poisoning.

Problem

Staphylococcal infection since opening penicillin antibiotics acquired a mutation. And today, most bacteria are resistant to antibiotics of this group. Chemically modified penicillin, mecillin, began to be widely used for control. However, strains of staphylococcus have emerged that are resistant to mecillin, and even to vancomycin and glycopeptide.

How to treat

The basis of treatment is antibiotics and nasal treatment with antiseptics. For a disease that occurs in the nose asymptomatically, antibacterial treatment can be postponed and more attention paid proper nutrition, strengthening the immune system.

Antibiotics drops

There are two topical antibiotics for staph nasal infections. This is Mupirocin ointment and Fusafungin drops:

1. Mupirocin (Bactroban) – nasal ointment, used to treat staphylococcus, including methicillin-resistant. The ointment is injected into the vestibule of the nose twice or thrice a day for one week.
2. Fusafungin (Bioparox) – drops, aerosol. Due to the small size of aerosol droplets, Fusafungin can easily penetrate even into the paranasal sinuses. In addition to being a strong antibacterial, the drug has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Systemic antibiotics

To destroy bacteria and signs of disease, antibiotics are prescribed in tablets or injections. The most effective are:

• Ceftriaxone;
• Ofloxacin;
• Oxacillin;
• Amoxiclav;
• Unazin.

For complete cure You need to take the drugs for a long time. Only a doctor can prescribe the dose and course. We strongly recommend that you refrain from self-medication, and even more so from treating children with this very serious infection.

How can you treat your nose?

To create conditions unfavorable for the growth of bacteria, the nose must be treated:

1. Chlorophyllipt. Very effective remedy, destroying staphylococcus, promoting the healing of affected areas of the nasal mucosa. You can put cotton wool soaked in chlorophyllipt oil or a solution prepared from tablets into your nose. To treat a child, you can use chlorophyllipt oil, diluted half with vegetable oil.
2. Zelenka. Safe for children. Staphylococcus is very sensitive to ordinary brilliant green. It is recommended to treat damaged areas of the skin from the outside; the mucous membrane can be burned.
3. Staphylococcal bacteriophage. Treatment of staphylococcus began to be successfully carried out using staphylococcal bacteriophage. This medicine in the form of a liquid that contains bacterial viruses. Phage viruses destroy Staphylococcus aureus, including antibiotic-resistant ones. Bacteriophages can be combined with antibiotics, but it is still recommended to take antibiotics after completing the course. Staphylococcal bacteriophage has no contraindications and side effects. You can take it orally and at the same time make applications with a cotton swab in the nasal cavity. Treatment is carried out for 7–10 days.
4. 1–3% hydrogen peroxide. A bactericidal agent that helps fight ulcers. To apply it to the nasal mucosa, it must be brought to a concentration of 0.25% - dilute 3% hydrogen peroxide with water in a ratio of 1:11. Treat the nose with a jet or a moistened swab.
5. Vishnevsky ointment. Used as a healing agent.

Complex therapy

Staphylococcus aureus depletes the body. Therefore, to strengthen the defenses, it is necessary to take immunomodulators - Immunal, Broncho-munal, Derinat and IRS-19 (nasal drops). Immunomodulators strengthen the immune system and restore the body's defenses.

If Staphylococcus aureus develops in the nose, the patient is additionally recommended to take biologically active additives, multivitamin preparations with the addition of basic micro- and macroelements. They raise vitality, strengthen the body exhausted by the disease.

Folk remedies

To combat staphylococcus in the nose, even in children, folk remedies help. They are safe, affordable and convenient for treatment at home. Products containing vitamin C are especially effective for the immune system - these are rosehip infusions, tea and blackcurrant compote. For the same purpose, it is useful to eat fresh apricots, broccoli, sauerkraut, sour antonovka, citrus fruits and cranberries.

Treatment of infection caused by staphylococcus can be done at home different ways. Medicines can be taken orally, used in the form of inhalations or lotions.

1. Steam inhalations with vinegar added to water.
2. Ingestion of comfrey infusion, juice of parsley roots and celery will help cope with the infectious process and pus in the nose.
3. You can instill a decoction of burdock (burdock) root into your nose.
4. You can boost your immunity by consuming echinacea tincture.
5. Rinse your nose with chamomile, a decoction of sage, and calendula.
6. In case of severe purulent process, ineffective use of antibiotics in both adults and children, it is recommended to use mumiyo. It is necessary to dilute the product with water in a ratio of 1:20. Take 50 ml before meals, 2 times for adults, 1 time per day is enough for a child. Treatment should be continued for 2 months.

Childhood and pregnancy

In both children and pregnant women, the choice of therapy should lean towards soft, gentle methods. Infusions of herbs and drugs with antibacterial activity for rinsing the nose and throat help. For children, antibiotics are recommended to be used in drops and ointments.

For pregnant women, antibiotic treatment is prescribed only in severe cases of the disease, when the pathogenic effect is pronounced. Drugs for oral use in pregnant women should be kept to a minimum.

For children, the infection is very dangerous - it can quickly spread to the intestines and other tissues and cause sepsis. Therefore, even a newborn child needs to be treated. For children, it is not the bacteria themselves that are more harmful, but their toxins. More often, staphylococcus appears after a child has had cytomegalovirus and herpes infections.

Prevention

To prevent the disease, it is necessary to timely diagnose the source of infection - caries, conjunctivitis, adenoids - and begin its treatment. An important point is maintaining immunity. People who eat right, exercise, and practice good hygiene are resistant to the effects of staphylococcal infection.

If an infection is detected in a child, all members of his family must be tested. Positive result means that they require simultaneous treatment. After 3 months it’s done benchmark analysis. Next, you need to take a smear every spring and autumn. The health of the child and your entire family is in your hands.

In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that treatment of Staphylococcus aureus can be very difficult and take a long time. The pathogenic nature of the infection is due to the fairly rapid development by bacteria of high resistance to the antibiotics used during treatment. Therefore, during treatment, you need to constantly do smears to test the sensitivity of staphylococcus to antibiotics.

Staphylococcus in the nose is not always the cause pathological disorders in tissues and systems of the body. A colony of bacteria is capable of long time peacefully coexist with human microflora without harming health. Problems arise when the immune system fails. It is at this moment that a favorable environment for the spread of infection is created. In the absence of competent and timely treatment, cocci often lead to purulent inflammation of the brain or spinal cord and blood lesions.

What you need to know about staphylococcus

Staphylococci are a type of gram-positive bacteria that live in soil, air and on objects environment. They are representatives of the normal microflora of humans and animals.

Among staphylococci, there are many species that have ambiguous effects on the body. Some of them are opportunistic, that is, they do not manifest themselves until a decrease in immunity occurs. Others are initially pathogenic and can have a destructive effect on living cells.

Under natural conditions, pathogenic and opportunistic species inhabit the nasal cavity, throat and skin of humans, but do not always provoke illness.

A staph infection in the nose and throat will only become active when it outnumbers normal microflora body. In this case, treatment must be quick and competent, since cocci can rapidly spread and affect nearby organs and tissues.

Types of Staphylococcus

Science has identified more than 20 varieties of staphylococci. Most of them are completely harmless, but some can cause serious pathologies:

• Staphylococcus aureus. It is most dangerous because it easily spreads throughout the body, causing purulent inflammation in all tissues. Shows high resistance to antibiotics and antiseptics;
• epidermal staphylococcus. It lives mainly on the skin and mucous membranes of humans. Provokes sepsis, conjunctivitis, endocarditis, purulent lesions of the genitourinary tract, blood poisoning;
• hemolytic staphylococcus. Acts on the body as an epidermal form, causing purulent processes and inflammation. Amazes genitourinary system, epidermis;
• saprophytic staphylococcus. Causes inflammation of the urethra and cystitis.

The epidermal form of staphylococcus affects the skin

Golden bacterium, in turn, is divided into several types, showing high resistance to certain antibiotics. For example, there are methicillin-resistant, vancomycin- and glycopeptide-resistant strains.

Routes of infection

Is staphylococcus contagious and how is it transmitted? It was stated above that almost every second person is a carrier of opportunistic microflora, so it is difficult to talk about a specific infection. Although a person free from cocci, under certain circumstances, can become infected from an active carrier of the bacilli or during medical procedures.

The most common causes of infection are the following:

• non-compliance with personal hygiene rules, using things of a sick person;
• direct contact - handshakes, hugs, kisses, medical procedures;
• airborne route. Infection occurs through the respiratory system when sneezing, coughing, talking;
• food. In this case, bacteria enter the body through food, causing poisoning;
• artificial way. The infection reaches a person during diagnostic studies or surgical interventions.

One of the ways of transmission of infection is airborne

Another common route of infection is maternity and children's hospitals. In this case, the newborn acquires active form nosocomial staphylococcus from the first days or months of life.

How does staphylococcus manifest?

The favorite localization site for microorganisms is nasal cavity and throat. Especially often, golden bacterium settles on the mucous membrane. In this case, the infection manifests itself as pustules, pimples, and ulcers.

There are other symptoms of staphylococcus in the nose:

• increased body temperature;
• irritation of the mucous membrane;
• redness and itching skin near the nostrils;
• persistent runny nose and nasal congestion;
• general intoxication of the body.

If, in addition to the nasal cavity, the throat is affected, there is swelling and redness of the tonsils, soreness in the throat, the presence of purulent plaque, and enlarged lymph nodes.

If the above symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor. Untimely treatment of staphylococcus in the nose will lead to the development of such serious complications as sinusitis, purulent sore throat, pneumonia, bronchitis or meningitis.

It is especially difficult to deal with an advanced form of the disease that has developed as a result of improper therapy. Bacteria can mutate and develop resistance to medications.

How to recognize the disease

Successful treatment of staphylococcus in the nose and throat largely depends on correct diagnosis and the identified sensitivity of the strain to a particular antibiotic. To do this, material is taken for analysis from the mucous membrane of the nose and throat.

The laboratory, simultaneously with bacterial culture for staphylococcus, conducts a test for the sensitivity of the strain to drugs

The norm of staphylococcus in the nose in adults is 10 to 3 degrees CFU/ml, in babies under one year old - 10 to 4 degrees. With higher research results, we can talk about the development of an inflammatory process.

Many laboratories simultaneously determine the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics along with the concentration of staphylococcus. Such a study does not increase the period of analysis and gives full information necessary for selecting an effective medication.

If a staphylococcal infection has already formed and complications have appeared, the specialist should prescribe additional research: Ultrasound, MRI, radiography of the frontal and maxillary sinuses.

Treatment tactics

If staphylococcus is found in the nose or throat, therapeutic measures should be aimed not only at eliminating the symptoms, but also at destroying the pathogen.

Treatment for an infection should only be started after consulting a doctor. Amateur action in this case is unacceptable and often leads to serious consequences. The pathogen is capable of mutating and developing resistance to many antibiotics.

Treatment of staphylococcus should be under medical supervision

How to treat staphylococcus in the throat and nose, how long does the process take? It is impossible to answer this question unequivocally. It all depends on the patient’s age, presence concomitant diseases and complications and, most importantly, on the state of the body’s immune system. IN general case therapy lasts from 3 to 5 weeks.

Medications

Let's see how to treat staphylococcus in the nose. To destroy the pathogen, antibiotics resistant to beta-lactamase are first prescribed:

• Amoxiclav;
• Flucloscacillin;
• Dicloxacillin;
• Cefotaxime;
• Oxacillin;
• Cephalexin;
• Cefolotin.

In addition to antibacterial agents, the patient must be prescribed immunostimulants to increase the body's defenses: Taktivin, Immunorix, Poludan. Used to relieve swelling and nasal congestion antihistamines(Tavegil, Claritin, Diazolin) and vasoconstrictor drops and sprays - Sanorin, Naphazolin, Galazolin and others.

In addition to the drugs discussed, the treatment regimen must include:

• nasal spray IRS-19 to stimulate local immunity;
• staphylococcal bacteriophage. The drug contains a colony of phage viruses that can quickly destroy the pathogen;
• Chlorophyllipt oil solution. The product is made on the basis of eucalyptus and has a detrimental effect on staphylococci.

Chlorophyllipt is prescribed for the treatment of staphylococcal infections in children and pregnant women

For local use, the patient is prescribed Bactroban or Fusiderm ointment. Medicines are used to lubricate pustules and ulcers.

How to treat if staphylococcus has settled not only in the nose, but also in the throat? In this case you need to use antiseptic solutions for nasal rinsing and rinsing. The following drugs most effectively fight infection:

• Chlorhexidine;
• Furacilin;
• Miramistin;
• Dolphin and other products based on sea water.

Treatment of staphylococcus includes taking pharmaceutical vitamins with a high content ascorbic acid, saturating the diet with fresh juices, fruits and vegetables.

Dosage medications and duration of therapy should be prescribed by a specialist.

Alternative medicine

It is impossible to cure staphylococcus with folk remedies. The bacteria are resistant to all types of influence, including herbs. Folk recipes It is permissible to use only to increase the general and local resistance of the body. For this purpose, plants that have an immunostimulating effect are used:

• dog-rose fruit;
• echinacea;
• Eleutherococcus;
• currant berries;
• ginseng root;
• lemongrass fruits.

Echinacea is considered an excellent immune stimulant

Infusions of these herbs are recommended to be taken orally instead of tea, and used to gargle and rinse the nose. Folk remedies restore well immune defense on early stages pathology. Turundas soaked in a strong infusion of string are an excellent remedy for staphylococcus in the nose.

Under no circumstances should prescriptions be used alternative medicine How the only treatment staphylococcus. Therapy must be comprehensive and combine classical and alternative medicine.

Treatment of staphylococcus in childhood

Staphylococcus in a child's nose manifests itself with the same symptoms as in adults, only in a more pronounced form. Treatment of children is associated with certain difficulties. Not all drugs of the antibacterial group are approved for use by children, so a pediatrician should prescribe the medicine.

In childhood, the selection of medications and treatment of infection is carried out by a doctor

How to treat staphylococcus in a child’s nose without harming his health? When infection spreads in children early age acceptable to use pharmaceutical drugs with sea water:

• LinAqua Baby;
• RinoStop Aqua Baby;
• Aqua Maris Baby and other similar products marked Baby.

The natural oil-based medicine Chlorophyllipt will help eliminate the symptoms of the disease and destroy the pathogen. It is allowed to be taken orally, lubricate pustules and sores with the solution, gargle, and rinse the nose.

Other drugs to combat staphylococcus are prescribed by the doctor based on the severity of the disease, the presence of complications or concomitant diseases and the results of bacterial culture.

Staphylococcus and pregnancy

It is very difficult to fight staphylococcus during pregnancy. For women in this situation, many medications are prohibited due to their negative impact on the growth and development of the fetus. But the disease cannot be ignored. In this case future mom will become a source of infection for a newly born baby.

The fight against staphylococcus in the nose in pregnant women is carried out under the supervision of a doctor

Treatment of a pregnant woman is carried out only under the supervision of a doctor. The drugs used are the same as in pediatric practice. Immunostimulating therapy, vitamins and staphylococcal toxoid are also prescribed.

Only in exceptional cases when symptomatic treatment does not give the expected effect, the doctor has the right to use antibacterial drugs.

Consequences

If therapy for staphylococcus is not carried out fully or does not have the desired effect, the development of chronic form diseases and complications. All types of staphylococcus are dangerous to the body, but the golden bacterium behaves especially threateningly.

The pathogen can cause damage to the lungs, brain and blood. Long-term ulcerations of the mucous membrane and skin result in the appearance of scars.

If staphylococcal infection is not treated correctly, serious complications develop

Staphylococcal infection in the nose often causes sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, acute rhinitis and even otitis media. An advanced inflammatory process often provokes atrophy of the mucous membrane and complete or partial loss of smell.

Nosocomial staphylococcus is especially harmful. A huge colony of bacteria mutates so quickly that it becomes very difficult to destroy it. Microorganisms easily tolerate direct Sun rays, withstand prolonged boiling and treatment with alcohol.

Pathogens that penetrate the bloodstream can cause endocarditis, blood poisoning, sepsis, and pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. It is staphylococcus that becomes the culprit of teenage arthritis. Penetration of the bacterium into the central nervous system results in abscesses and intracranial complications.

Prevention

Staphylococcus is so resistant that even with proper and timely treatment It is not always possible to get rid of it the first time. Often several courses are required antimicrobial therapy different drugs. Therefore, it is easier to prevent the disease than to fight it for a long time and difficultly.

The main preventive measures include:

• timely elimination of all inflammatory processes in organism;
• maintaining personal hygiene, regular wet cleaning of premises;
• conducting healthy image life, strengthening the immune system.

It has been noted that a person with a high protective reaction of the body is less at risk of developing a staphylococcal infection.

At the first signs of decreased immunity, you should immediately start taking medications that increase the body's resistance. In addition, it is recommended to change your daily routine, minimize stress and physical overload, and balance your diet. The main thing is not to give staphylococcus in the nose a chance to grow and develop.