Causes of high body temperature. To assess the condition of a person with a high temperature, let's find out why the temperature rises too high, for most people it is 38.5 C. It must be understood that a high temperature in an adult is not as dangerous as a temperature in a child. If the temperature is not very high, you can bring it down on your own without a threat to life. What temperature to knock down an adult? There are many reasons for an increase in temperature in an adult.

Causes of elevated temperature

Slightly elevated body temperature, which does not decrease in any way, but jumps from time to time - how to treat it? How to treat fever and should it be done at all?

Why does body temperature vary?

We all know that the normal body temperature is 36.6 C. In fact, this indicator varies in the same person at different periods of life. For example, a thermometer gives different numbers throughout the month, even with full health. This is typical mainly for girls. Their body temperature usually rises slightly during ovulation and normalizes with the onset of menstruation.

But fluctuations in body temperature can occur within one day. In the morning, immediately after waking up, the temperature is minimal, and by the evening it usually rises by 0.5 C. Stress, food, physical activity, taking a bath or drinking hot (and strong) drinks, being on the beach, too warm clothes, emotional outburst and more can contribute to a slightly elevated body temperature. Heat in a small child is much more dangerous than a high temperature in adults.

The cause of high temperature in adults may be long stay in the open sun in hot weather, as well as a long stay of the child in a hot room.

Each person's body has some temperature, most often normal. If you measure the temperature in the mouth, then healthy person it will be no higher than 37. In an adult, body temperature can be brought down by taking aspirin or paracetamol every four hours.

Is elevated body temperature normal?

And then there are people for whom the normal value of body temperature is not 36.6, but 37 C or even a little higher. As a rule, this applies to young men and women of the asthenic type of physique, who, in addition to the graceful physique, still have a vulnerable mental organization.

Fever is not uncommon, especially in children. According to statistics, it is typical for everyone fourth child at the age of 10 to 15 years. Usually such children are somewhat closed and slow, apathetic or, conversely, anxious and irritable. But in adults, this phenomenon is not unique.

However, it is not worth blaming everything on the characteristics of the body. Therefore, if the usual body temperature was always normal and suddenly became elevated over a long period of time and in different time days is cause for concern.

There are different reasons for elevated body temperature ...

The following factors can be attributed to the causes of an increase in body temperature in an adult.

Inflammation may be the cause of elevated body temperature or infection. But sometimes the thermometer readings remain above the norm even after recovery. And the elevated body temperature can last for several months. This is how the syndrome of post-viral asthenia often manifests itself. Doctors in this case use the term "temperature tail". A slightly elevated body temperature caused by the consequences of an infection is not accompanied by changes in the analyzes and passes on its own.

However, there is a danger of confusing asthenia with incomplete recovery, when an elevated temperature indicates that the disease, which had subsided for a while, began to develop again. Therefore, just in case, it is better to take a blood test and find out if the white blood cells are normal. If everything is in order, you can calm down, the temperature will jump, jump and eventually “come to your senses”.

Other common cause elevated body temperature- Experienced stress. There is even a special term - psychogenic temperature. At the same time, fever is accompanied by symptoms such as feeling unwell, shortness of breath and dizziness.

Well, if in the foreseeable past you have not endured any stress or infectious diseases, and your body temperature is elevated, then it is better to be examined. After all the cause of a prolonged increase in body temperature can be dangerous diseases.

We exclude dangerous diseases as the cause of fever

At elevated body temperature, the first step is to exclude all suspicions of inflammatory, infectious and other serious diseases (tuberculosis, thyrotoxicosis, iron deficiency anemia, chronic infectious or autoimmune diseases). First you need to contact a therapist who will draw up an individual examination plan. As a rule, if there is an organic cause of elevated body temperature, there are other characteristic symptoms: pain in different areas body, weight loss, lethargy, increased fatigue, sweating. When probing, an enlarged spleen or lymph nodes may be detected. Usually, finding out the causes of fever begins with a general and biochemical analysis of urine and blood; lung x-ray, ultrasound internal organs. Then, if necessary, more detailed studies are prescribed - for example, blood tests for rheumatoid factor or thyroid hormones. In the presence of pain of unknown origin, and especially with a sharp decrease in body weight, consultation with an oncologist is necessary.

The reason for the elevated temperature is a metabolic disorder

If examinations have shown that there are no organic causes for elevated body temperature, it is too early to relax, because there is still cause for concern.

Where does the elevated temperature come from, even if there are no organic causes? It appears not at all because the body accumulates too much heat, but because it gives it poorly to the environment. Violation of the thermoregulation system on physical level can be explained by a spasm of superficial vessels located in the skin of the upper and lower extremities. Also, in the body of people with elevated body temperature, failures in the endocrine system can also occur (the causes may be impaired function of the adrenal cortex and metabolism).

Doctors consider this condition as a manifestation of the syndrome of vegetovascular dystonia and even gave it a name - thermoneurosis. And although this is not a disease in its purest form, because no organic changes occur, it is still not the norm. After all, prolonged fever is stress for the body. Therefore, this condition must be treated. Neurologists at elevated temperatures in such cases recommend massage and acupuncture (to normalize the tone of peripheral vessels), psychotherapy.

Greenhouse conditions do not help, but rather interfere with getting rid of thermoneurosis. Therefore, for those who suffer from this disorder, it is better to stop taking care of yourself, and start hardening and strengthening the body. People with problematic thermoregulation need: correct mode days; regular meals with an abundance of fresh vegetables and fruits; taking vitamins; sufficient exposure to fresh air, physical education and hardening.

The reason for the increased temperature is an error in its measurement!

A thermometer placed under the arm may not give completely correct information - due to the abundance of sweat glands in the body. this area is likely to be inaccurate. If you are used to measuring the temperature in your mouth (where it is half a degree higher than under your arm), then know that the numbers will go off scale if you ate, drank a hot drink or smoked an hour before. The temperature in the rectum is on average 1 C higher than in the armpit, but remember that the thermometer can "mistake" if you take measurements after taking a bath or exercising. Temperature measurement in the ear canal is considered the most reliable today. But this requires a special thermometer and exact observance of all the rules of procedure.

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The problem of a slight and prolonged increase in temperature in women is one of the most difficult problems in the clinic of internal diseases. There are many pitfalls here, and the doctor's obvious omissions in communicating with the patient can lead to a long and costly blind diagnostic search.

Nowadays, the abundance of laboratory and imaging diagnostic methods, of course, can help find the cause, but it is better to do it purposefully. And you need to start with the confidence that an increase in temperature to 37 ° C without clinical symptoms in a woman, this is a sign of illness. Already on initial stage conversations with a patient, a thoughtful doctor sometimes manages to establish that:

• A woman has never systematically measured her temperature in principle. In this case, you need to know that normal body temperature has individual fluctuations, and may healthy women reach values ​​​​of 37.5 ° C, especially in connection with changes in the menstrual cycle;
• The problem may be far-fetched - a thermometer, both electronic and mercury, may be faulty.

Therefore, temperature measurement should be carried out with at least two thermometers, for three weeks or longer, both in the morning and in the evening. Only with its persistent deviation can we talk about an increase in temperature, but not yet about a “fever of unknown origin”. What does it mean? It turns out that not any increase in temperature is a sign of fever.

What does a temperature of 37-37.2 ° C mean: fever or hyperthermia?

What does subfebrile temperature mean?

In addition to fever, hyperthermia may occur. There is a huge difference between these two states. Recall that:

• Fever- this is a condition in which substances that have a pyrogenic potential are released into the blood, that is, they increase the temperature.

Fever is characterized by diurnal fluctuations, and doctors distinguish different types of them - from remitting to hectic. An example of such an asymptomatic fever would be pulmonary tuberculoma.

• Hyperthermia is a shift in the set point in the brain that determines the rate of "burning" of carbohydrates and fats. If you want - this is the setting of "idle speed" higher. A classic example is hyperthyroidism. Enhanced Level thyroid hormones leads to the fact that, for example, a temperature of 37.2 ° C without symptoms in a woman becomes almost constant.

First of all, the doctor must understand whether it is a fever or hyperthermia. Then - he must, together with the patient, "stir up" her memory. Suddenly there is a key fact that can suddenly change the entire logical system?

Remember everything

First of all, you need to try to remember whether the following facts preceded or accompanied the rise in temperature:

• travel, especially to hot countries;
• change of residence;
• contact with domestic or wild animals;
• the use of unfamiliar food, national drinks;
• visiting zoos, pastures;
• communication with people with obvious signs of illness (pallor, jaundice, exhaustion, cough, hemoptysis;
• taking medications, food supplements;
• use of new cosmetics;
• taking hormonal contraceptives;
• the presence of occupational hazards;
• alcohol and drug use;
• severe stress, depression;
• change of sexual partner.

As you can see, this far from complete list can be continued for quite some time. And each of these points can give a "key to the puzzle." So, a trip to Thailand is fraught with schistosomiasis, contact with farm animals - brucellosis, and so on.

Causes of temperature 37 - 37.5 without symptoms in women

Why does low temperature occur?

The causes of fever without symptoms are so diverse that it is easier to name groups. pathological conditions, but not individual diseases. In any case, this information will be useful to patients considering what and how to tell the doctor.

Of course, here we will not, most likely, talk about typhoid and salmonellosis, since these infections manifest themselves very rapidly (although there is also asymptomatic typhoid carriage). But diseases such as syphilis, and even with an atypical location of the chancre and lymphadenitis, may well cause a fever.

Local inflammatory foci also cause a periodic rise in temperature: chronic pneumonia, endocarditis, cholangitis, thrombophlebitis. Against the background of a decrease in immunity, various encysted pustules - abscesses - lead to prolonged fever. Among them, pelvic, tubo-ovarian, Douglas pocket abscess often occurs in women.

Quite often, fever is manifested by steam - and perinephritis, pyelonephritis, abscess and tuberculosis of the kidney.

In some cases, the course of anicteric forms is possible viral hepatitis, which are accompanied by minimal intoxication, but are manifested by a rise in temperature. Fever is also characteristic of decompensated liver cirrhosis, but in this case, usually, there are signs.

The doctor should be especially vigilant if the examination reveals enlarged lymph nodes against the background of fever (often patients simply do not know about it), or do not consider it necessary to complain, since they “do not hurt”. In this case, taking into account the anamnesis, you should always keep in mind, especially taking into account the anamnesis (random sex life intravenous drug use).

In the presence of injuries in the past, especially fractures, the presence of osteomyelitis cannot be excluded, and after a long stay in the hospital - phlebitis and phlebothrombosis at the installation site indwelling catheters(for example, in a maternity hospital).

Tumors and neoplasms

Typically, tumors can be asymptomatic, and fever is one of the main diagnostic criteria. Most often, these are Hodgkin's lymphomas and lymphocytic leukemia, less often - hypernephroid kidney cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. May also debut acute leukemia, and other malignant neoplasms, including metastasizing ones.

The data of examination by a gynecologist and mammologist, the results of hysterography, mammography and other research methods are very important. Almost always, if the woman is questioned carefully, there will be mention of additional symptoms, such as slight weakness.

Systemic connective tissue diseases

In this case we are talking diseases that are more common in women than in men. These are SLE - systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic scleroderma. To identify them, especially early stages, indispensable assistance is provided by screening studies - the detection of antinuclear antibodies, LE - cells, antibodies to DNA.

This immediately allows you to start a targeted search. systemic diseases connective tissue. A great help in this will be the mention of sluggish arthritis, damage to small joints, and other symptoms characteristic of this pathology.

Adjacent to these diseases is a group of systemic vasculitis - angiitis, thromboangiitis, nodular arteritis. It is important to pay attention to vascular disorders and changes in the blood coagulation system.

Endocrine pathology

As a rule, in this case we are not talking about a fever, but about an increase in the level of basal metabolism. Most often, this is a symptom of thyrotoxicosis, or hyperthyroidism. To suggest such a diagnosis, it is desirable to find confirmation of such facts - sweating, the desire to sleep without a blanket, a slight decrease in body weight and emotional lability.

• Stool instability, tachycardia, and palpitations often develop.

Taken on their own, these symptoms may not bother a woman, especially if she wants to lose weight, but their combined presence will allow the doctor to confidently prescribe tests for the study of T3, T4, TSH, and antibodies to thyroglobulin.

Reaction to drugs

Often, fever in women can be associated with long-term use drugs, especially antibiotics from the beta-lactam group. For example, these include drugs such as all penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems and monobactams. All of them are widely used, for example, in the treatment of inflammatory diseases in women - vaginitis, endometritis, adnexitis, if they are caused by bacterial flora. Sometimes, during an exacerbation, a woman uses antibiotics as self-medication, which causes a slight rise in temperature.

In some cases, women with rheumatic diseases take cytostatics, anticonvulsants(carbamazepine), antipsychotics (haloperidol). They can also lead to an increase in temperature. Sometimes a drug such as allopurinol, which is used for long-term therapy for hyperuricemia and urolithiasis, also causes a slight increase in temperature.

Pregnancy and childbirth

Pregnancy, and especially the first trimester, is a time of intense hormonal and immunological restructuring. female body. After all, the unborn child carries half of the alien genetic material taken from the father. And the duty of the female body is to provide the baby with full acceptance and development.

Therefore, after conception, there may be just a slight subfebrile condition, not higher than 37.5 ° C. Then this condition disappears, and the temperature drops to normal.

In the event that the temperature rises again in the later stages, this is no longer a variant of the norm, but a symptom that can be life-threatening for the baby. In this case, you can not hesitate, and especially - try to "knock down" the temperature on your own, and irresponsibly take antibiotics. You need to see a doctor urgently.

Rare causes of fever

Sometimes it happens that subfebrile temperature is caused by rare causes. These include, for example, psychogenic causes, hypochondria, hysteroid psychopathy, stress. Stories are known and more amazing disorders associated with self-hypnosis - for example, the appearance of bleeding stigmata in people.

Quite often, in patients with cancerophobia (fear of getting cancer), the temperature can be elevated for weeks.

In other cases, when psychogenic causes, a temperature of 37 ° C may occur during the day, but at night it remains normal.
In addition to psychogenic fever, a number of diseases are possible - hereditary myositis, sarcoidosis. Their search is usually longer, since not all doctors are familiar with them.

For example, if you suspect sarcoidosis, you need to get to a phthisiatrician who treats this autoimmune disease, which is not at all associated with tuberculosis.

What to do with a temperature - which doctor to go to?

To what doctor to go at a temperature of 37?

Those who have carefully read the material presented will understand that it is possible to choose a “narrow specialist” only if there are any specific thoughts that have grown into confidence. It can be an infectious disease specialist, a rheumatologist, a gastroenterologist or an endocrinologist.

In the same case, if there is no such confidence, you need to come to an appointment with an experienced therapist. Most often, it happens that a doctor (especially in a state clinic) cannot devote as much time to the patient as it should be, and the first visit is limited to prescribing a wide variety of tests.

• This is also an important stage of the diagnostic search, and should not be neglected.

There is, perhaps, the only exception: if a woman is pregnant, then first of all, you need to visit your local doctor - the gynecologist of the antenatal clinic.

We will not dwell on diagnostic issues - we will only say that the majority of patients, in addition to examinations by a general practitioner, gynecologist, routine tests, HIV, blood culture, tuberculosis, undergo CT, MRI, and many instrumental methods"increasing complexity and high cost."

This approach cannot be called justified: in a diagnostic search, it is necessary to confirm hypotheses with facts, and not search at random.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it must be said: despite the fact that the vast majority of cases of temperature increase are caused by infectious causes, about 20% of all cases remain unsolved. According to experts, in 90% of all cases, such an unknown (cryptogenic) increase in body temperature without symptoms in a woman will never happen again.

Usually, in this case, we are talking about an episode of a sluggish infection, and even about tuberculosis, from which the patient spontaneously and independently recovers without any treatment, not knowing about this diagnosis.

• Of great complexity and ambiguity is the question: is it necessary to “trial” treat such an incomprehensible and undiagnosed fever.

Some experts believe that with a stable state of health and preserved performance, one should limit oneself to observation. Other experts, especially in disadvantaged regions, believe that it is more correct to start treatment with anti-TB drugs, since this is how TB often occurs in women.

Sometimes, for a “trial” purpose, low molecular weight heparins are prescribed for suspected venous thrombosis, but it is especially careful and balanced to approach the treatment of unclear fever with hormones, if rheumatic diseases are suspected. After all, the slightest mistake in the alleged diagnosis will lead to a decrease in immunity, and if this process is caused by an infection, then the situation will only worsen.

Patients with such unrecognized fever should be observed in dynamics within a year after the end of the febrile period. As a consolation, we can say that in the ICD - 10, the official classifier of all diseases, there is still such a diagnosis - a fever of unknown origin.

Thanks

The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

Temperature increase body to low subfebrile numbers - a fairly common phenomenon. It can be associated both with various diseases, and be a variant of the norm, or be an error in the measurements.

In any case, if the temperature is kept at 37 o C, it is necessary to inform a qualified specialist about this. Only he, after conducting the necessary examination, can say whether this is a variant of the norm, or indicates the presence of a disease.

Temperature: what can it be?

It should be borne in mind that body temperature is a variable value. Fluctuations during the day in different directions are acceptable, which is quite normal. None symptoms it is not followed. But a person who discovers a constant temperature of 37 o C for the first time can be extremely worried because of this.

A person's body temperature may be as follows:
1. Reduced (less than 35.5 o C).
2. Normal (35.5-37 o C).
3. Increased:

• subfebrile (37.1-38 o C);
• febrile (above 38 o C).

Often, the results of thermometry in the range of 37-37.5 o C are not even considered pathology by experts, calling only data of 37.5-38 o C as subfebrile temperature.

What you need to know about normal temperature:

• According to statistics, the most common normal body temperature is 37 o C, and not 36.6 o C, contrary to popular belief.
• The norm is physiological fluctuations in thermometry during the day in the same person within 0.5 o C, or even more.
• In the morning hours there are usually more low rates, while the body temperature during the day or evening can be 37 o C, or slightly higher.
• In deep sleep, thermometry readings may correspond to 36 o C or less (as a rule, the lowest readings are observed between 4 and 6 o'clock in the morning, but 37 o C and above in the morning can indicate pathology).
• The highest measurements are often recorded from about 4 pm until night (for example, a constant temperature of 37.5 o C in the evening may be a variant of the norm).
• In old age, the normal body temperature may be lower, and its daily fluctuations are not so pronounced.

Whether an increase in temperature is a pathology depends on many factors. So, a long-term temperature of 37 o C in a child in the evening is a variant of the norm, and the same indicators in an elderly person in the morning most likely indicate a pathology.

Where can you measure body temperature:
1. In the armpit. Although this is the most popular and simple measurement method, it is the least informative. The results can be affected by humidity, room temperature and many other factors. Sometimes there is a reflex increase in temperature during the measurement. This may be due to excitement, for example, from a visit to the doctor. With thermometry in the oral cavity or rectum, there can be no such errors.
2. In the mouth (oral temperature): its indicators are usually 0.5 o C higher than those determined in the armpit.
3. In the rectum (rectal temperature): normally, it is 0.5 o C higher than in the mouth and, accordingly, 1 o C higher than in the armpit.

Also quite reliable is the determination of the temperature in ear canal. However, for an accurate measurement, a special thermometer is required, so this method is practically not used at home.

It is not recommended to measure oral or rectal temperature with a mercury thermometer - an electronic device should be used for this. For thermometry in children infancy There are also electronic thermometers.

Do not forget that a body temperature of 37.1-37.5 o C may be associated with an error in measurements, or talk about the presence of a pathology, for example, an infectious process in the body. Therefore, expert advice is still required.

Temperature 37 o C - is this normal?

If the thermometer is 37-37.5 o C - do not get upset and panic. Temperatures greater than 37 o C may be associated with measurement errors. In order for thermometry to be accurate, the following rules must be observed:
1. The measurement should be carried out in a calm relaxed state, not earlier than 30 minutes after physical activity(so, in a child after active game temperature can be 37-37.5 o C and above).
2. In children, measurement data can be significantly increased after screaming and crying.
3. It is better to carry out thermometry at about the same time, since low rates are more often noted in the morning, and by the evening the temperature usually rises to 37 o C and higher.
4. When taking thermometry in the armpit, it must be completely dry.
5. In cases where the measurement is taken in the mouth (oral temperature), it should not be taken after eating or drinking (especially hot), if the patient is short of breath or breathes through the mouth, and also after smoking.
6. Rectal temperature may rise by 1-2 o C or more after exercise, hot baths.
7. A temperature of 37 o C or a little higher can be after eating, after physical activity, against the background of stress, excitement or fatigue, after exposure to the sun, while in a warm, stuffy room with high humidity or, conversely, excessively dry air.

Another common cause of a temperature of 37 o C and above can constantly be a faulty thermometer. This is especially true for electronic devices, which quite often give an error in the measurement. Therefore, when receiving high readings, determine the temperature of another family member - suddenly it will also be too high. And it is even better that in this case there is always a working mercury thermometer in the house. When an electronic thermometer is still indispensable (for example, to determine the temperature of a small child), immediately after purchasing the device, take measurements with a mercury thermometer and electronic (any healthy family member can). This will make it possible to compare the results and determine the error in thermometry. When conducting such a test, it is better to use thermometers of different designs; you should not take the same mercury or electric thermometers.

Often there are situations when, after an infectious disease, the temperature is 37 o C and above for a long time. This feature is often referred to as the "temperature tail". Increased rates thermometry can be stored for several weeks or months. Even after taking antibiotics against an infectious agent, an indicator of 37 o C can remain for a long time. This condition does not require treatment, and goes away on its own without a trace. However, if, along with low-grade fever, cough, rhinitis, or other symptoms of the disease are observed, this may indicate a relapse of the disease, the occurrence of complications, or indicate a new infection. It is important not to miss this condition, as it requires a visit to the doctor.

Other causes of subfebrile temperature in a child are often:

• overheat;
• reaction to prophylactic vaccination;
• teething.

One of the frequent causes of a temperature increase in a child above 37-37.5 o C is teething. At the same time, thermometry data rarely reach numbers above 38.5 o C, so usually it is enough just to monitor the baby’s condition and use physical cooling methods. Temperature above 37 o C may be observed after vaccination. Usually, the indicators are kept within subfebrile numbers, and with their further increase, you can give the child an antipyretic once. An increase in temperature as a result of overheating can be observed in those children who are excessively wrapped and dressed. It can be very dangerous and cause heat stroke. Therefore, when the baby overheats, it should be undressed first.

An increase in temperature can be observed in many non-communicable inflammatory diseases. As a rule, it is accompanied by others, enough characteristic features pathology. For example, a temperature of 37°C and blood-streaked diarrhea may be symptoms of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. In some diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, low-grade fever may appear several months before the first signs of the disease.

An increase in body temperature to low numbers is often noted against the background of allergic pathology: atopic dermatitis, urticaria and other conditions. For example, shortness of breath with difficulty exhaling, and a temperature of 37 o C and above, can be observed with an exacerbation of bronchial asthma.

Subfebrile fever can be observed in pathology following systems organs:
1. The cardiovascular system:

• VSD (vegetative dystonia syndrome) - a temperature of 37 o C and a little higher may indicate sympathicotonia, and is often combined with high blood pressure, headaches and other manifestations;
• high blood pressure and temperature of 37-37.5 o C can be with hypertension, especially during crises.

2. Gastrointestinal tract: temperature 37 o C or higher, and abdominal pain, may be signs of pathologies such as pancreatitis, non-infectious hepatitis and gastritis, esophagitis and many others.
3. Respiratory system: a temperature of 37-37.5 o C may accompany chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
4. Nervous system:

• thermoneurosis (habitual hyperthermia) - often observed in young women, and is one of the manifestations of autonomic dystonia;
• tumors of the spinal cord and brain, traumatic injuries, hemorrhages and other pathologies.

5. Endocrine system: fever may be the first manifestation of an increase in thyroid function (hyperthyroidism), Addison's disease (insufficient function of the adrenal cortex).
6. Kidney pathology: a temperature of 37 o C and above may be a sign of glomerulonephritis, dysmetabolic nephropathy, urolithiasis.
7. Sex organs: subfebrile fever can be observed with ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids and other pathologies.
8. Blood and the immune system:

• a temperature of 37 o C accompanies many immunodeficiency states, including oncology;
• a small subfebrile fever can occur with blood pathology, including with ordinary iron deficiency anemia.

Another condition in which body temperature is constantly kept at 37-37.5 o C is oncological pathology. In addition to subfebrile fever, there may also be weight loss, loss of appetite, weakness, pathological symptoms from various organs (their nature depends on the location of the tumor).

Indicators 37-37.5 o With are a variant of the norm after surgery. Their duration depends on the individual characteristics of the organism and volume. surgical intervention. A slight fever may also be observed after some diagnostic manipulations, such as laparoscopy.

Which doctor should I contact with elevated body temperature?

Since an increase in body temperature can be due to a wide range of different causes, the choice of a specialist who needs to be contacted with a high temperature is determined by the nature of the person's other symptoms. Consider the doctors of which specialties you need to contact in various cases of fever:

• If, in addition to fever, a person has a runny nose, pain, sore or sore throat, cough, headaches, aching muscles, bones and joints, then it is necessary to contact therapist (), since we are talking, most likely, about SARS, colds, flu, etc .;
• a persistent cough, or a constant feeling of general weakness, or a feeling that it is difficult to inhale, or wheezing when breathing, then you should consult a general practitioner and phthisiatrician (sign up), since these signs can be symptoms of either chronic bronchitis, or pneumonia, or tuberculosis;
• If elevated body temperature is combined with ear pain, leakage of pus or fluid from the ear, runny nose, itching, soreness or sore throat, feeling of mucus flowing along back wall throat, a feeling of pressure, fullness or pain in the upper part of the cheeks (cheekbones under the eyes) or above the eyebrows, then you should turn to otolaryngologist (ENT) (make an appointment), since most likely we are talking about otitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis or tonsillitis;
• If elevated body temperature is combined with pain, redness of the eyes, photophobia, leakage of pus or non-purulent fluid from the eye, you should contact ophthalmologist (make an appointment);
• If elevated body temperature is combined with pain during urination, back pain, frequent urge to urinate, then you need to consult a urologist / nephrologist (make an appointment) and venereologist (make an appointment), because a similar combination of symptoms may indicate either kidney disease or sexual infection;
• If elevated body temperature is combined with diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and nausea, then you should contact infectious disease doctor (make an appointment), since a similar set of symptoms may indicate an intestinal infection or hepatitis;
• If elevated body temperature is combined with moderate pain in the abdomen, as well as various phenomena of dyspepsia (belching, heartburn, feeling of heaviness after eating, bloating, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, etc.), then you should contact Gastroenterologist (make an appointment)(if there is none, then to the therapist), because. This indicates diseases of the digestive tract (gastritis, peptic ulcer stomach, pancreatitis, Crohn's disease, etc.);
• If an elevated body temperature is combined with severe, unbearable pain in any part of the abdomen, then it should be urgent order speak to surgeon (make an appointment), as this indicates a serious condition (for example, acute appendicitis, peritonitis, pancreatic necrosis, etc.) requiring immediate medical attention;
• If an elevated body temperature in women is combined with moderate or mild pain in the lower abdomen, uncomfortable sensations in the genital area, unusual vaginal discharge, then you should contact gynecologist (make an appointment);
• If elevated body temperature in women is combined with severe pain in the lower abdomen, bleeding from the genitals, severe general weakness, then you should urgently contact a gynecologist, as these symptoms indicate a serious condition (for example, ectopic pregnancy, uterine bleeding, sepsis, endometritis after an abortion, etc.), requiring immediate treatment;
• If an elevated body temperature in men is combined with pain in the perineum and in the prostate gland, then you should contact a urologist, as this may indicate prostatitis or other diseases of the male genital area;
• If elevated body temperature is combined with shortness of breath, arrhythmia, edema, then you should contact your therapist or cardiologist (make an appointment), as this may indicate inflammatory diseases of the heart (pericarditis, endocarditis, etc.);
• If elevated body temperature is combined with pain in the joints, skin rashes, marble coloration of the skin, impaired blood flow and sensitivity of the extremities (cold hands and feet, blue fingers, numbness, running "goosebumps", etc.), red blood cells or blood in the urine, pain when urinating or pain in other parts of the body, then you should contact rheumatologist (make an appointment), as this may indicate the presence of autoimmune or other rheumatic diseases;
• Temperature in combination with rashes or inflammations on the skin and symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections may indicate various infectious or skin diseases(for example, erysipelas, scarlet fever, chickenpox, etc.), therefore, when such a combination of symptoms appears, you need to contact a general practitioner, an infectious disease specialist and dermatologist (make an appointment);
• If elevated body temperature is combined with headaches, jumps in blood pressure, a feeling of interruptions in the work of the heart, then you should consult a therapist, as this may indicate vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• If elevated body temperature is combined with tachycardia, sweating, enlarged goiter, then you need to contact endocrinologist (make an appointment), as this may be a sign of hyperthyroidism or Addison's disease;
• If elevated body temperature is associated with neurological symptoms(for example, obsessive movements, coordination disorder, sensory impairment, etc.) or loss of appetite, unreasonable weight loss, then you should contact oncologist (make an appointment), as this may indicate the presence of tumors or metastases in various organs;
• An elevated temperature, combined with very poor health, which worsens over time, is a reason to immediately call an ambulance, regardless of what other symptoms the person has.

What studies and diagnostic procedures can be prescribed by doctors when the body temperature rises to 37-37.5 o C?

Since body temperature may rise due to a wide range various diseases, then the list of studies that the doctor prescribes to identify the causes of this symptom is also very wide and variable. However, in practice, doctors do not prescribe the entire list of examinations and tests that can theoretically help identify the cause of elevated body temperature, but use only a limited set of certain diagnostic tests that most likely allow you to identify the source of temperature. Accordingly, for each specific case, doctors prescribe a different list of tests, which are selected in accordance with the accompanying symptoms that a person has in addition to fever, and indicating the affected organ or system.

Since most often elevated body temperature is caused by inflammatory processes in various organs, which can be either infectious (for example, tonsillitis, rotavirus infection, etc.) or non-infectious (for example, gastritis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, etc.) .), then always if it is present, regardless of the accompanying symptoms, it is prescribed general analysis blood and urinalysis, allowing you to find out in which direction the further diagnostic search should go and what other tests and examinations are needed in each specific case. That is, in order not to prescribe a large number of studies of various organs, they first do a general blood and urine test, which allow the doctor to understand in which direction to "look for" the cause of the elevated body temperature. And only after identifying the approximate spectrum possible causes temperature, other studies are prescribed to clarify the pathology that caused hyperthermia.

The indicators of a general blood test make it possible to understand whether the temperature is caused by an inflammatory process of an infectious or non-infectious origin, or is not associated with inflammation at all.

So, if the ESR is increased, then the temperature is due to an inflammatory process of an infectious or non-infectious origin. If the ESR is within the normal range, then the elevated body temperature is not associated with the inflammatory process, but is due to tumors, vegetative-vascular dystonia, endocrine diseases etc.

If, in addition to the accelerated ESR, all other indicators of the general blood test are within the normal range, then the temperature is due to a non-infectious inflammatory process, for example, gastritis, duodenitis, colitis, etc.

If according to the general blood test, anemia is detected, and other indicators, except for hemoglobin, are normal, then the diagnostic search ends here, since the fever is caused precisely by the anemic syndrome. In such a situation, anemia is treated.

A general urine test allows you to understand whether there is a pathology of the organs of the urinary system. If there is such an analysis, then other studies are carried out in the future to clarify the nature of the pathology and begin treatment. If the urine tests are normal, then to find out the cause of the elevated body temperature, they do not conduct a study of the organs of the urinary system. That is, a general urinalysis will immediately identify the system in which the pathology caused an increase in body temperature, or, on the contrary, dismiss suspicions about diseases of the urinary tract.

Having determined fundamental points from a general analysis of blood and urine, such as infectious or non-infectious inflammation in humans, or a non-inflammatory process at all, and whether there is a pathology of the urinary organs, the doctor prescribes a number of other studies to understand which organ is affected. Moreover, this list of examinations is already determined by the accompanying symptoms.

Below we give options for the lists of tests that a doctor can prescribe at elevated body temperature, depending on other concomitant symptoms that a person has:

• With a runny nose, sore throat, sore or sore throat, cough, headache, aching muscles and joints, only a general blood and urine test is usually prescribed, since such symptoms are caused by SARS, flu, colds, etc. However, during an influenza epidemic, a blood test may be ordered to detect the influenza virus to determine whether a person is dangerous to others as a source of influenza. If a person often suffers from colds, then he is prescribed immunogram (to sign up) (total lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, T-helpers, T-cytotoxic lymphocyte, B-lymphocytes, NK cells, T-NK cells, HBT test, phagocytosis assessment, CEC, immunoglobulins of classes IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA) to determine which parts of the immune system are not working properly and, accordingly, which immunostimulants need to be taken to normalize immune status and stopping frequent episodes of cold infections.
• At a temperature combined with a cough or a constant feeling of general weakness, or a feeling that it is difficult to inhale, or wheezing when breathing, it is necessary to without fail do chest x-ray (book) and auscultation (listen with a stethoscope) of the lungs and bronchi to find out if the person has bronchitis, tracheitis, pneumonia, or tuberculosis. In addition to X-ray and auscultation, if they did not give an accurate answer or their result is doubtful, the doctor may prescribe sputum microscopy to distinguish between bronchitis, pneumonia and tuberculosis, determination of antibodies to Chlamydophila pneumoniae and respiratory syncytial virus in the blood (IgA, IgG), determination of the presence of mycobacterium DNA and Chlamydophila pneumoniae in sputum, bronchial swabs, or blood. Tests for the presence of mycobacteria in sputum, blood, and bronchial washings, as well as sputum microscopy, are usually prescribed for suspected tuberculosis (either asymptomatic persistent fever or fever with cough). But tests for the determination of antibodies to Chlamydophila pneumoniae and respiratory syncytial virus in the blood (IgA, IgG), as well as the determination of the presence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae DNA in sputum, are performed to diagnose bronchitis, tracheitis and pneumonia, especially if they are frequent, long-lasting or not treatable antibiotics.
• Temperature, combined with a runny nose, a feeling of mucus running down the back of the throat, a feeling of pressure, fullness or pain in the upper part of the cheeks (cheekbones under the eyes) or above the eyebrows, requires a mandatory X-ray of the sinuses (maxillary sinuses, etc.) ( make an appointment) to confirm sinusitis, frontal sinusitis or other type of sinusitis. With frequent, long-term or antibiotic-resistant sinusitis, the doctor may additionally prescribe the determination of antibodies to Chlamydophila pneumoniae in the blood (IgG, IgA, IgM). If the symptoms of sinusitis and fever are combined with blood in the urine and frequent pneumonia, then the doctor may prescribe a blood test for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA, pANCA and cANCA, IgG), since systemic vasculitis is suspected in such a situation.
• If an elevated temperature is combined with a feeling of mucus running down the back of the throat, a feeling that cats are scratching in the throat, sore and tickle, then the doctor prescribes an ENT examination, takes a smear from the oropharyngeal mucosa for bacteriological culture in order to determine the pathogenic microbes that caused inflammatory process. An examination is usually carried out without fail, but a swab from the oropharynx is not always taken, but only if a person complains of frequent occurrence similar symptoms. In addition, at frequent appearance such symptoms, their persistent failure even with antibiotic treatment, the doctor may prescribe the determination of antibodies to Chlamydophila pneumonia and to Chlamydia trachomatis(IgG, IgM, IgA) in the blood, because these microorganisms can provoke chronic, often recurrent infectious and inflammatory diseases of the organs respiratory system(pharyngitis, otitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, tracheitis, pneumonia, bronchiolitis).
• If fever is combined with pain, sore throat, enlarged tonsils, presence of plaque or white plugs in the tonsils, constantly red throat, then an ENT examination is mandatory. If such symptoms are present for a long time or often appear, then the doctor prescribes a smear from the oropharyngeal mucosa for bacteriological seeding, as a result of which it will become known which microorganism provokes the inflammatory process in the ENT organs. If the sore throat is purulent, then the doctor must prescribe blood for the ASL-O titer in order to identify the risk of developing complications of this infection, such as rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, myocarditis.
• If the temperature is combined with pain in the ear, outflow of pus or any other liquid from the ear, then the doctor must conduct an ENT examination. In addition to the examination, the doctor most often prescribes a bacteriological culture of discharge from the ear to determine which pathogen caused the inflammatory process. In addition, tests can be prescribed to determine antibodies to Chlamydophila pneumonia in the blood (IgG, IgM, IgA), for the ASL-O titer in the blood, and for the detection of type 6 herpes virus in saliva, scrapings from the oropharynx and blood. Tests for antibodies to Chlamydophila pneumonia and for the presence of the herpes virus type 6 are performed to identify the microbe that caused otitis media. However, these tests are usually prescribed only for frequent or long-term otitis media. A blood test for ASL-O titer is prescribed only when purulent otitis media to identify the risk of developing complications of streptococcal infection, such as myocarditis, glomerulonephritis and rheumatism.
• If the elevated body temperature is combined with pain, redness in the eye, as well as the discharge of pus or other liquid from the eye, then the doctor performs a mandatory examination. Next, the doctor may prescribe a culture of the detachable eye for bacteria, as well as a blood test for antibodies to adenovirus and for the content of IgE (with particles of dog epithelium) in order to determine the presence of adenovirus infection or allergies.
• When elevated body temperature is combined with pain during urination, back pain or frequent trips to the toilet, the doctor will first of all and without fail prescribe a general urine test, determination of the total concentration of protein and albumin in daily urine, urinalysis according to Nechiporenko (sign up), Zimnitsky's test (sign up), as well as biochemical analysis blood (urea, creatinine). These tests in most cases can determine the existing kidney disease or urinary tract. However, if the listed tests did not clarify, then the doctor may prescribe bladder cystoscopy (make an appointment), bacteriological culture of urine or scraping from the urethra to identify a pathogenic agent, as well as the definition PCR method or ELISA of microbes in a scraping from the urethra.
• If you have a fever that is accompanied by pain when urinating or frequent trips to the toilet, your doctor may order tests for various sexually transmitted infections (such as gonorrhea (sign up), syphilis (sign up), ureaplasmosis (sign up), mycoplasmosis (sign up), candidiasis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia (sign up), gardnerellosis, etc.), since such symptoms may also indicate inflammatory diseases of the genital tract. For tests for genital infections, the doctor may prescribe vaginal discharge, semen, prostate secretions, a urethral swab, and blood. In addition to analyzes, it is often prescribed Ultrasound of the pelvic organs (make an appointment), which allows you to identify the nature of the changes occurring under the influence of inflammation in the genital organs.
• At elevated body temperature, which is combined with diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and nausea, the doctor first of all prescribes a fecal analysis for scatology, fecal analysis for helminths, fecal analysis for rotavirus, fecal analysis for infections (dysentery, cholera, pathogenic strains of intestinal coli, salmonellosis, etc.), fecal analysis for dysbacteriosis, as well as scraping from the anus for sowing in order to identify the pathogen that provoked the symptoms of an intestinal infection. In addition to these tests, the infectious disease specialist prescribes blood test for antibodies to hepatitis A, B, C and D viruses (sign up), since such symptoms may indicate acute hepatitis. If a person, in addition to fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting and nausea, also has yellowness of the skin and sclera of the eyes, then only blood tests for hepatitis (antibodies to hepatitis A, B, C and D viruses) are prescribed, since this indicates about hepatitis.
• In the presence of elevated body temperature, combined with abdominal pain, dyspepsia (belching, heartburn, flatulence, bloating, diarrhea or constipation, blood in the stool, etc.), the doctor usually prescribes instrumental research and biochemical analysis of blood. With belching and heartburn, a blood test for Helicobacter pylori is usually prescribed and fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FGDS) (), which allows you to diagnose gastritis, duodenitis, stomach ulcer or duodenum, GERD, etc. With flatulence, bloating, periodic diarrhea and constipation, the doctor usually prescribes a biochemical blood test (amylase, lipase, AST, AlAT, alkaline phosphatase activity, protein, albumin, bilirubin concentration), urine test for amylase activity, fecal test for dysbacteriosis and coprology and Ultrasound of organs abdominal cavity(sign up), which allow diagnosing pancreatitis, hepatitis, irritable bowel syndrome, biliary dyskinesia, etc. In complex and incomprehensible cases or suspicion of tumor formations, the doctor may prescribe MRI (make an appointment) or x-ray of the digestive tract. If there is frequent bowel movement (3-12 times a day) with unformed feces, ribbon stools (feces in the form of thin ribbons) or pain in the rectal area, then the doctor prescribes colonoscopy (make an appointment) or sigmoidoscopy (make an appointment) and analysis of feces for calprotectin, which reveals Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, intestinal polyps, etc.
• At elevated temperature, in combination with moderate or mild pain in the lower abdomen, discomfort in the genital area, abnormal vaginal discharge, the doctor will definitely prescribe, first of all, a smear from the genital organs and ultrasound of the pelvic organs. These simple studies will allow the doctor to figure out what other tests are needed to clarify the existing pathology. In addition to ultrasound and smear on flora () the doctor may prescribe tests for genital infections ()(gonorrhea, syphilis, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, candidiasis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gardnerellosis, fecal bacteroids, etc.), for the detection of which they give vaginal discharge, scraping from the urethra or blood.
• At elevated temperature, combined with pain in the perineum and prostate in men, the doctor will prescribe a general urine test, prostate secret on microscopy (), spermogram (), as well as a smear from the urethra for various infections (chlamydia, trichomoniasis, mycoplasmosis, candidiasis, gonorrhea, ureaplasmosis, fecal bacteroids). In addition, the doctor may prescribe an ultrasound of the pelvic organs.
• At a temperature in combination with shortness of breath, arrhythmia and edema, it is imperative to do ECG (), chest x-ray, Ultrasound of the heart (make an appointment), as well as take a general blood test, a blood test for C-reactive protein, rheumatic factor and titer ASL-O (sign up). These studies allow you to identify the existing pathological process in the heart. If the studies do not allow clarifying the diagnosis, then the doctor may additionally prescribe a blood test for antibodies to the heart muscle and antibodies to Borrelia.
• If fever is combined with skin rashes and symptoms of SARS or influenza, then the doctor usually prescribes only a general blood test and examines rashes or redness on the skin in various ways (under a magnifying glass, under a special lamp, etc.). If there is a red spot on the skin that increases over time and is painful, the doctor will prescribe an analysis for the ASL-O titer to confirm or refute erysipelas. If the rashes on the skin cannot be identified during the examination, then the doctor can take a scraping and prescribe its microscopy to determine the type of pathological changes and the causative agent of the inflammatory process.
• When temperature is combined with tachycardia, sweating and enlarged goiter, Ultrasound of the thyroid gland (), as well as take a blood test for the concentration of thyroid hormones (T3, T4), antibodies to steroid-producing cells of the reproductive organs and cortisol.
• When temperature is combined with headaches, jumps blood pressure, a feeling of interruptions in the work of the heart, the doctor prescribes blood pressure control, ECG, ultrasound of the heart, ultrasound of the abdominal organs, REG, as well as a complete blood count, urine and biochemical blood test (protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, urea, creatinine , C-reactive protein, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, lipase, etc.).
• When the temperature is combined with neurological symptoms (for example, coordination disorder, sensitivity deterioration, etc.), loss of appetite, unreasonable weight loss, the doctor will prescribe a general and biochemical blood test, a coagulogram, as well as an x-ray, Ultrasound of various organs (make an appointment) and, possibly, tomography, since such symptoms can be a sign of cancer.
• If the temperature is combined with pain in the joints, rashes on the skin, marble coloration of the skin, with impaired blood flow in the legs and arms (cold hands and feet, numbness and feeling of running "goosebumps", etc.), red blood cells or blood in the urine and pain in other parts of the body, then this is a sign of rheumatic and autoimmune diseases. In such cases, the doctor prescribes tests to determine whether a person has joint disease or autoimmune pathology. Since the spectrum of autoimmune and rheumatic diseases is very wide, the doctor first prescribes x-ray of joints (make an appointment) and the following non-specific tests: complete blood count, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, lupus anticoagulant, antibodies to cardiolipin, antinuclear factor, IgG antibodies to double-stranded (native) DNA, ASL-O titer, antibodies to nuclear antigen, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), antibodies to thyroperoxidase, the presence of cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes viruses in the blood. Then, if the results of the listed tests are positive (that is, markers of autoimmune diseases are found in the blood), the doctor, depending on which organs or systems have clinical symptoms, prescribes additional tests, as well as X-ray, ultrasound, ECG, MRI, to assess the degree of activity of the pathological process. Since there are many analyzes for detecting and evaluating the activity of autoimmune processes in various organs, we present them in a separate table below.

Organ system	Analyzes to determine the autoimmune process in the organ system
Connective tissue diseases	Antinuclear antibodies, IgG (antinuclear antibodies, ANAs, EIA); Antibodies of the IgG class to double-stranded (native) DNA (anti-ds-DNA); Antinuclear factor (ANF); Antibodies to nucleosomes; Antibodies to cardiolipin (IgG, IgM) (enroll now); Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen (ENA); Complement components (C3, C4); Rheumatoid factor; C-reactive protein; Titer ASL-O.
Joint diseases	Antibodies to keratin Ig G (AKA); Antifilaggrin antibodies (AFA); Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACCP); Crystals in a synovial fluid smear; Rheumatoid factor; Antibodies to modified citrullinated vimentin.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome	Antibodies to phospholipids IgM/IgG; Antibodies to phosphatidylserine IgG + IgM; Antibodies to cardiolipin, screening - IgG, IgA, IgM; Antibodies to annexin V, IgM and IgG; Antibodies to phosphatidylserine-prothrombin complex, total IgG, IgM; Antibodies to beta-2-glycoprotein 1, total IgG, IgA, IgM.
Vasculitis and kidney damage (glomerulonephritis, etc.)	Antibodies to the basement membrane of the glomeruli of the kidneys IgA, IgM, IgG (anti-BMK); Antinuclear factor (ANF); Antibodies to the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), total IgG, IgA, IgM; Antibodies to C1q complement factor; Endothelial antibodies on HUVEC cells, total IgG, IgA, IgM; Antibodies to proteinase 3 (PR3); Antibodies to myeloperoxidase (MPO).
Autoimmune diseases of the digestive tract	Antibodies to deamidated gliadin peptides (IgA, IgG); Antibodies to parietal cells stomach, total IgG, IgA, IgM (PCA); Antibodies to reticulin IgA and IgG; Antibodies to endomysium total IgA + IgG; Antibodies to pancreatic acinar cells; Antibodies of the IgG and IgA classes to the GP2 antigen of the centroacinar cells of the pancreas (Anti-GP2); Antibodies of classes IgA and IgG to intestinal goblet cells, total; Immunoglobulin subclass IgG4; Calprotectin fecal; Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, ANCA Ig G (pANCA and cANCA); Antibodies to saccharomycetes (ASCA) IgA and IgG; Antibodies to the internal factor of Castle; IgG and IgA antibodies to tissue transglutaminase.
autoimmune liver disease	Antibodies to mitochondria; Antibodies to smooth muscles; Antibodies to liver and kidney microsomes type 1, total IgA + IgG + IgM; Antibodies to the asialoglycoprotein receptor; Autoantibodies in autoimmune liver diseases - AMA-M2, M2-3E, SP100, PML, GP210, LKM-1, LC-1, SLA / LP, SSA / RO-52.
Nervous system	Antibodies to the NMDA receptor; Antineuronal antibodies; Antibodies to skeletal muscles; Antibodies to gangliosides; Antibodies to aquaporin 4; Oligoclonal IgG in cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum; Myositis-specific antibodies; Antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor.
Endocrine system	Antibodies to insulin; Antibodies to pancreatic beta cells; Antibodies to glutamate decarboxylase (AT-GAD); Antibodies to thyroglobulin (AT-TG); Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (AT-TPO, microsomal antibodies); Antibodies to the microsomal fraction of thyrocytes (AT-MAG); Antibodies to TSH receptors; Antibodies to steroid-producing cells of reproductive tissues; Antibodies to steroid-producing cells of the adrenal gland; Antibodies to steroid-producing testicular cells; Antibodies to tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2); Antibodies to ovarian tissue.
Autoimmune skin diseases	Antibodies to the intercellular substance and basement membrane of the skin; Antibodies to BP230 protein; Antibodies to BP180 protein; Antibodies to desmoglein 3; Antibodies to desmoglein 1; Antibodies to desmosomes.
Autoimmune diseases of the heart and lungs	Antibodies to the cardiac muscles (to the myocardium); Antibodies to mitochondria; neopterin; Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity (diagnosis of sarcoidosis).

Temperature 37-37.5 o C: what to do?

How to bring down the temperature of 37-37.5 o C? Reducing this temperature with drugs is not required. They are used only in cases of fever above 38.5 o C. An exception is an increase in temperature in late pregnancy, in young children who have previously had febrile convulsions, as well as in the presence of severe diseases of the heart, lungs, nervous system, which may worsen on the background high fever. But in these cases, lower the temperature medications it is recommended only when it reaches 37.5 o C and above.

The use of antipyretic drugs and other self-medication methods can make it difficult to diagnose the disease, as well as lead to unwanted side effects.

In all cases, the following guidelines must be followed:
1. Think: Are you doing the right thermometry? The rules for taking measurements have already been mentioned above.
2. Try to change the thermometer to eliminate possible errors in the measurements.
3. Make sure that this temperature is not a variant of the norm. This is especially true for those who previously did not regularly measure the temperature, but revealed increased data for the first time. To do this, you need to contact a specialist to rule out symptoms. various pathologies and examination appointments. For example, if a temperature of 37 o C or a little higher is constantly determined during pregnancy, while there are no symptoms of any diseases, this is most likely the norm.

If the doctor has identified any pathology leading to an increase in temperature to subfebrile numbers, then the goal of therapy will be the treatment of the underlying disease. It is likely that after treatment, the temperature indicators will return to normal.

In what cases should you contact a specialist immediately:
1. Subfebrile body temperature began to rise to febrile numbers.
2. Although the fever is mild, it is accompanied by other severe symptoms ( coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, impaired urination, vomiting or diarrhea, signs of exacerbation of chronic diseases).

Thus, even a seemingly low temperature can be a sign serious illnesses. Therefore, if you have any doubts about your condition, you should inform your doctor about them.

Prevention measures

Even if the doctor did not reveal any pathology in the body, and a constant temperature of 37-37.5 o C is a variant of the norm, this does not mean that you can do nothing at all. Prolonged subfebrile indicators are chronic stress for the body.

To gradually bring the body back to normal, you should:

• timely identify and treat foci of infection, various diseases;
• avoid stress;
• to refuse from bad habits;
• observe the daily routine and get enough sleep;

Body temperature 37 - 37.5 - causes and what to do about it?

Before use, you should consult with a specialist.

Heat transfer is a rather individual indicator for each person. And the temperature, which for one is the norm, for the other will be too high. Everyone knows that the normal body temperature is 36.6 degrees, but indicators can be considered normal in the range from 35.9 to 37.2 degrees.

Often a temperature of 37 without symptoms, which lasts for a long time, begins to disturb a person. We will consider in the material the reasons why this happens, and what to do in such cases.

Why the temperature is kept at 37: natural and external causes

The temperature, which is above 37 degrees, in medical practice is called subfebrile. This means a slight increase in thermal performance, which was provoked by such reasons:

• external factors;
• infections;
• inflammatory process.

If a person without symptoms suddenly rises in temperature to 37 degrees and lasts for a long time, even for weeks, then you need to carefully study the causes of this phenomenon.

Natural causes of keeping the temperature 37

What to do when such a relatively high temperature for no reason lasts for weeks? It must be understood that this may be due to hereditary factors. They are able to be transmitted from parents to children at the genetic level and this does not affect the well-being of a person.

At an elevated temperature of 37 and above, a person usually feels such clinical manifestations:

• increased fatigue;
• weakness;
• drowsiness;
• dizziness;
• headaches;
• hearing and vision disorders.

If a temperature of 37 degrees and above lasts for weeks for no reason and is not accompanied by the listed symptoms, then most likely the causes are natural and the indicator itself in this case is for a person the norm.

If the temperature is 37 for a week: external reasons

At high rates without typical colds and other diseases, symptoms can be caused by such factors:

Remember that a slight increase in body temperature due to such factors is natural reaction. Heat dissipation varies throughout the day and depending on metabolism. Changes in indicators do not threaten health in any way, they do not last too long and return to normal after elimination external causes such fluctuations.

In some cases, such factors not only provoke hyperthermia, but also a protracted problem, when hyperthermia lasts for weeks. In severe cases, it can last even for a month, then it is recommended to consult a doctor.

To improve your condition and put the thermometer in order, you need to follow these recommendations:

There are other reasons why a thermal index of 37 can last for weeks without visible symptoms. So, in women, this can be caused by ovulation, thermal indicators can reach up to 37.4 degrees. Also, women need to pay attention that if the temperature is around 37 degrees without visible symptoms for 2 or more weeks, then this may indicate pregnancy. Here you need to do a test and find out if this is so.

Causes of fever due to illness

Even without visible symptoms, a temperature of 37 in an adult, which lasts for weeks, can indicate a particular disease. So, it could be:

• allergic diseases;
• infectious in the early stages;
• systemic diseases;
• endocrine;
• injury.

Infections are the most common cause of fever in people of all ages. Often, against the background of colds and viral diseases without other symptoms, a temperature of 37 can last for 5 days, which is quite normal. If this indicator does not drop for 2 weeks or longer, then this may indicate that a person has diseases such as:

• pneumonia;
• tuberculosis and other bacterial diseases.

All of them are treated, but it is better to start treatment as early as possible, so if you have suspicious temperature manifestations and symptoms, contact a specialist as soon as possible.

Temperature against the background of different types of diseases

The high temperature at allergies- the symptom is not typical, but often it accompanies the disease without other symptoms. Allergy in this case is called atypical. characteristic symptom diseases - temperature 37 for 3 days, which rises due to inflammatory processes in the body. Treatment consists in taking antihistamines and measures to eliminate the inflammatory focus. It is very important to distinguish allergic diseases by symptoms from the common cold.

Often a temperature of 37 without additional symptoms is a sign of the presence autoimmune or systemic diseases such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. A thermal index of 37 can last for a month. The cause is often diagnosed for a long time, since it is required full examination The patient's gastrointestinal tract. After clarifying the diagnosis, treatment provides for the need to reduce the symptoms to a state of remission, but in our time it is almost impossible to completely cure such pathologies.

Also, a long-term preservation of a temperature of 37 (six months or longer) may indicate neoplasms. This condition can occur without any symptoms at all. Minor hyperthermia may occur regularly in the evening, or persist throughout the day. Benign and malignant formations may be accompanied by fever for months or weeks. In such cases, it is very important to diagnose the disease in time and save the patient from the threat to life.

If the temperature stays at 37 degrees for a month, then this may indicate diseases. endocrine system. Fever is a consequence of a violation of the level of human hormones, and the temperature can also stay at this level for 2 weeks. Hormonal imbalance in this case is often provoked by dysfunction of the thyroid gland. The problem should be detected in time to prevent the development of diabetes or hearing loss.

Hyperthermia may result traumatic brain injury. So, the temperature of 37 degrees can keep for 3 weeks after a concussion, often the symptoms appear long after the injury. This is due to damage to the brain region, which is responsible for thermoregulation. The symptom disappears after the restoration of the body.

What to do with prolonged hyperthermia?

If the temperature is kept below 38 degrees, then antipyretic drugs should not be taken. Through heat, the body itself fights viruses and bacteria, nothing else needs to be done.

If the symptom causes this or that discomfort, then it can be reduced by the following methods:

• apply cooling compresses to the forehead, wrists or calves;
• wipe the body with water, a weak vodka or vinegar solution;
• remove excess clothing and remove the blanket.

You can not put mustard plasters and cans, as well as do inhalation at the same time. All this accelerates blood flow, which leads to pulmonary edema. Drinking plenty of water and rehydration solutions is recommended. It is impossible to increase the amount of food consumed, because in the heat the energy is spent very economically.

If, against the background of temperature, you are worried about pain in the abdomen, and you also feel signs of dehydration, then you need to urgently call a specialist.

If you know that a high temperature without symptoms is normal for you, then you can not worry, but if it lasts for weeks without any reason and in the absence of symptoms, then it is better to visit a doctor to rule out the presence of hidden ailments.

- this is a temperature at the level of 37-37.5 ° C for a long time. At the same time, a person may completely lack symptoms of any disease, and malaise may appear. We are talking about subfebrile temperature not when isolated cases of fever are recorded: this may be due to individual features organism and the factors described above, and if subfebrile condition is fixed in the temperature curve with measurements taken over many days in a row.

A true temperature increase is considered to be a temperature above 38.3 degrees.. Such a temperature is accompanied by very specific symptoms that correspond to a very specific disease. But prolonged low-grade fever is often the only sign to find out the cause of which you will have to run around the doctors.

normal temperature human body a temperature of 36.6 ° C is recognized, although for many as normal temperature 37°C is fixed. This is the temperature observed in healthy body: child or adult, male or female - it does not matter. This is not a stable static unchanging temperature, during the day it fluctuates in both directions depending on overheating, hypothermia, stress, time of day and biological rhythms. Therefore, temperatures from 35.5 to 37.4 ° C are considered the normal range.

Body temperature is regulated by the endocrine glands - the thyroid gland and the hypothalamus.. Receptors nerve cells hypothalamus respond to body temperature by changing the secretion of TSH, which regulates the activity of the thyroid gland. Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 regulate the intensity of metabolism, on which the temperature depends. In women, the hormone estradiol is involved in temperature regulation. As its level increases, it decreases basal body temperature- This process depends on the menstrual cycle. In women, body temperature changes by 0.3-0.5 °C during the menstrual cycle. Most high performance up to 38 degrees are observed between 15 and 25 days of a standard menstrual cycle of 28 days.

Except hormonal background temperature is slightly affected by:

• physical exercise;
• food intake;
• in children: strong prolonged crying and active games;
• time of day: in the morning the temperature is usually lower (the lowest temperature is observed between 4-6 am), and in the evening it reaches a maximum (from 18 to 24 am - the period of max temperature);
• the temperature drops in the elderly.

Physiological fluctuations in thermometry during the day within 0.5-1 degrees are considered the norm.

Subfebrile condition does not belong to the normal state of the body and therefore the main question that is posed to the doctor is to identify the causes of the pathology. If the patient has recently been ill and treated for a long time, it is believed that the increase in temperature is associated with the recovery process. If there was nothing like that, then you have to look for the dysfunction that caused this symptom. For a more accurate detection of pathology, it is recommended to draw up a temperature curve, an analysis of well-being, and laboratory diagnostics.

Diseases that are characterized by subfebrile condition

Infectious causes of diseases

Infections are the most common cause of subfebrile condition. With the prolonged existence of the disease, the symptoms are usually erased and only subfebrile condition remains. The main causes of infectious subfebrile condition are:

• ENT diseases - sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, pharyngitis, etc.
• Dental diseases and carious teeth including.
• Gastrointestinal diseases - gastritis, pancreatitis, colitis, cholecystitis, etc.
• Diseases of the urinary tract - pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, etc.
• Diseases of the genital organs - inflammation of the appendages and prostatitis.
• Abscesses from injections.
• Non-healing ulcers in diabetic patients.

Autoimmune diseases

In autoimmune diseases, the body's immune system begins to attack its own cells, which causes chronic inflammation with periods of exacerbation. For this reason, body temperature also changes. The most common autoimmune pathologies:

• rheumatoid arthritis;
• systemic lupus erythematosus;
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis;
• Crohn's disease;
• diffuse toxic goiter.

To detect autoimmune diseases, tests for ESR, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, and some other examinations are prescribed.

Oncological diseases

In malignant tumors, subfebrile condition can be an early manifestation of the disease, 6 to 8 months ahead of its symptoms. In the development of subfebrile condition, the formation of immune complexes that trigger an immune response plays a role. However, an early rise in temperature is associated with the onset of production of a specific protein by the tumor tissue. This protein is found in blood, urine, and tumor tissue. If the tumor has not yet manifested itself in any way, the combination of subfebrile condition with specific changes in the blood has a diagnostic value. Often subfebrile condition accompanies chronic myeloid leukemia, lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, lymphosarcoma.

Other diseases

Can cause subfebrile condition and other diseases:

• autonomic dysfunction: disruption of the heart and cardiovascular system;
• dysfunction of the endocrine glands: hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis (ultrasound of the thyroid gland and a blood test for hormones T3, T4, TSH, antibodies to TSH are detected);
• hormonal disorders;
• hidden infection: Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus infection, herpetic infection;
• HIV infection (detected by ELISA and PCR);
• helminthiasis (detected by analysis of feces for worm eggs);
• toxoplasmosis (identified by ELISA);
• brucellosis (detected by PCR);
• tuberculosis (detected by Mantoux tests and fluorography);
• hepatitis (identified by ELISA and PCR);
• Iron-deficiency anemia;
• allergic reactions;
• thermoneurosis.

For infectious subfebrile condition are characteristic:

1. decrease in temperature under the action of an antipyretic;
2. poor temperature tolerance;
3. daily physiological fluctuations in temperature.

For non-infectious subfebrile condition are characteristic:

1. imperceptible flow;
2. lack of response to antipyretic;
3. no diurnal changes.

Safe subfebrile condition

1. Subfebrile temperature is completely safe during pregnancy, menopause and breastfeeding, which is just a symptom of hormonal changes.
2. Up to two months and even six months, a temperature tail can persist after suffering infectious diseases.
3. Neurosis and stress may well provide a rise in temperature in the evenings. Accompany subfebrile condition in this case there will be a feeling chronic fatigue and general weakness.

Psychogenic subfebrile condition

Subfebrile condition, like any other processes in the body, is influenced by the psyche. Under stress and neurosis, first of all, the metabolic processes. Therefore, women often have unmotivated subfebrile fever. Stress and neuroses provoke an increase in temperature, and also excessive suggestibility (for example, about a disease) can affect the actual increase in temperature. In young women of the asthenic type, prone to frequent headaches and VVD, hyperthermia is accompanied by insomnia, weakness, shortness of breath, pain in the chest and abdomen.

To diagnose the condition, tests are prescribed to assess psychological stability:

• tests to detect panic attacks;
• scale of depression and anxiety;
• Beck scale;
• scale of emotional excitability,
• Toronto alexithymic scale.

According to the results of the tests, the patient is given a referral to a psychotherapist.

Medicinal subfebrile condition

Prolonged use of certain drugs can also cause subfebrile fever: adrenaline, ephedrine, atropine, antidepressants, antihistamines, antipsychotics, some antibiotics (ampicillin, penicillin, isoniazid, lincomycin), chemotherapy, narcotic painkillers, thyroxine preparations. Cancellation of therapy also relieves obsessive subfebrile condition.

Subfebrile condition in children

Of course, any parent will start to worry if their child has a fever every day in the evening. And rightly so, because in children, fever in some cases is the only symptom of the disease. The norm for subfebrile condition in children is:

• age up to one year (reaction to BCG vaccine or unsteady processes of thermoregulation);
• the period of teething, when fever can be observed for several months;
• in children from 8 to 14 years old, due to critical growth phases.

About prolonged subfebrile condition, which occurs due to a violation of thermoregulation, they say if 37.0–38.0 ° in a child lasts more than 2 weeks, and the child at the same time:

• does not lose weight;
• examination shows the absence of diseases;
• all analyzes are normal;
• pulse rate is normal;
• temperature is not reduced by antibiotics;
• temperature is not reduced by antipyretics.

Often in children, fever is to blame endocrine system. It often happens that in children with fever, the functionality of the adrenal cortex is impaired, and the immune system is weakened. If you draw a psychological portrait of children who have fever for no reason, then you get a portrait of an uncommunicative, suspicious, withdrawn, easily irritated child, whom any event can unsettle.

Treatment and the right lifestyle bring children's heat transfer back to normal. As a rule, after 15 years, few people have this temperature. Parents should organize the correct daily routine for the child. Children suffering from subfebrile condition should get enough sleep, walk and sit at the computer less often. Well trains thermoregulatory mechanisms hardening.

In older children, subfebrile temperature accompanies such frequent diseases as adenoiditis, helminthiasis, and allergic reactions. But subfebrile condition may indicate the development and more dangerous diseases: oncological, tuberculosis, asthma, blood diseases.

Therefore, you should definitely consult a doctor if the child has a temperature of 37-38 ° C for more than three weeks. To diagnose and find out the causes of subfebrile condition, the following studies will be assigned:

• blood biochemistry;
• OAM, study of daily urine;
• feces on worm eggs;
• radiography of the sinuses;
• radiography of the lungs;
• electrocardiography;
• tuberculin tests;
• Ultrasound of internal organs.

If deviations are found in the analyzes, this will be the reason for referring narrow specialists for consultations.

How to measure the temperature in children

The temperature in children should not be measured immediately after waking up, after dinner, active physical activity, in an agitated state. At this time, the temperature may rise for physiological reasons. If the child is sleeping, resting or hungry, the temperature may drop.

When measuring temperature, you need to wipe armpit dry and hold the thermometer for at least 10 minutes. Change thermometers periodically.

How to deal with subfebrile condition

To begin with, subfebrile condition should be diagnosed, because not every temperature increase in the specified range is precisely subfebrile condition. The conclusion about subfebrile condition is made on the basis of the analysis of the temperature curve, for the preparation of which temperature measurements are used 2 times a day at the same time - in the morning and in the evening. The measurements are carried out within three weeks, the results of the measurements are analyzed by the attending physician.

If the doctor diagnoses subfebrile condition, the patient will have to visit the following narrow specialists:

• otolaryngologist;
• cardiologist;
• infectiologist;
• phthisiatrician;
• endocrinologist;
• dentist
• oncologist.

Tests that will need to be passed to detect latent current diseases:

• UAC and OAM;
• blood biochemistry;
• cumulative urine samples and examination of daily urine;
• feces on worm eggs;
• blood for HIV;
• blood for hepatitis B and C;
• blood on RW;
• radiography of the sinuses;
• radiography of the lungs;
• otolaryngoscopy;
• tuberculin tests;
• blood for hormones;
• Ultrasound of internal organs.

Identification of deviations in any analysis becomes the reason for the appointment of a more in-depth examination.

Prevention measures

If the pathology in the body is not detected, you should pay close attention to the health of your body. To gradually bring thermoregulatory processes back to normal, you need:

• timely treat all foci of infection and emerging diseases;
• avoid stress;
• minimize the number of bad habits;
• observe the daily routine;
• get enough sleep in accordance with the needs of your body;
• exercise regularly;
• harden;
• walk more outdoors.

All these methods contribute to strengthening the immune system, training heat transfer processes.