Symptoms of fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands and how to treat the disease. FCM of the mammary glands

Discomfort and pain in the mammary glands are familiar to many women. But few people immediately turn to a mammologist with complaints. Someone does not want to spend time and money on diagnostics, while someone pessimistically builds the worst assumptions and is afraid to find out the cause of the ailment. And thus delay the timely treatment of one of the most common diseases of the breast.

Let's see if it's worth worrying about having received a diagnosis of fibrocystic mastopathy, what symptoms and causes are typical for it, and how favorable is the outcome with timely detection?

To understand the issue, you need to briefly explain what a mammary gland is.

The mammary gland is a paired organ on the surface of the pectoral muscle. It consists of three types of tissues - glandular, connective and adipose. Glandular tissue is found not only in the chest, but throughout the body. It lines the inner surface of some organs and performs the function of secreting secretory fluids, which include breast milk. The glands are divided into smaller lobes and lobules by connective tissue, or stroma. And the third - adipose tissue - forms a kind of "cushion" in which the glands and stroma are located.

The chest is not a static organ. During the life of a woman, it undergoes changes controlled by hormones. For example, in the period after childbirth, the ducts of the glands increase, accumulating milk. And after the cessation of feeding, the stroma is replaced by adipose tissue. With age, hormonal changes also occur in the breast, only glandular tissue is replaced by adipose tissue.

It is failures in the proper functioning of hormones - estrogen, progesterone and prolactin - that can lead to the development of FCM 1.

What is fibrocystic mastopathy

So, hormonal disruptions change the natural balance between epithelial and connective tissue. The connective tissue grows, leading to a benign neoplasm, which is called fibrocystic mastopathy. It is these changes that cause various pain sensations, which we will talk about later 2.

Risk group

We have already found out that the cause of FKM is hormonal disbalance. Accordingly, at risk are women with diseases that disrupt the production of sex hormones - estrogen, progesterone, prolactin. Most often, such changes overtake women aged 18 to 40 years. Much less often - men. Long-term treatment with hormonal drugs also increases the risk of developing fibrocystic mastopathy, as well as a large number of childbirth, abortion. Hormonal disruption can lead to breastfeeding, prolonged absence pregnancy (after 30 years).

Secondary factors can be considered everything that indirectly relates to hormonal imbalance. These are diseases thyroid gland, adrenal glands, disturbances in the work of the pituitary gland. Heredity, including if fibrocystic mastopathy was detected in the next of kin. And of course, nutrition problems, bad habits and regular stress. All this negatively affects women's health in general and the health of the mammary glands in particular.

It is also important for women to protect themselves from injuries of the mammary glands. For example, squeezing her breasts with a tight bra can have a very negative impact on her health 3 .

Symptoms

The first signs that a woman can notice on her own are as follows:

• pain in the chest, which give to the shoulder or armpit;
• increased sensitivity of the nipples;
• swelling, distension and painful tension of the glands shortly before menstruation;
• seals that are found on palpation;
• discharge from the nipples.

Any of these signs is a reason to visit a mammologist. And I must say that fibrocystic mastopathy in the early stages of development can be detected, even if the woman did not notice any of the above signs at all. That is why doctors insist on regular check-ups 1 .

What can be FCM?

In total, more than 50 forms are known. But in clinical practice, most often fibrocystic mastopathy is divided into diffuse and nodular. Diffuse is characterized by the formation of many formations in all mammary glands. Education can be:

• cystic;
• fibrous;
• glandular;
• mixed.

The nodular form is characterized by the appearance of one large seal of different origin:

• it could be a fibroadenoma
• cyst
• lipoma
• papilloma, which is formed inside the duct, etc. 2

Diagnostics

As mentioned, in the early stages, the disease rarely manifests itself as severe discomfort. Therefore, a woman needs to be regularly examined by a mammologist.

The survey is carried out in the first phase of the cycle. At the appointment, the doctor will collect an anamnesis, find out previous complaints, the prerequisites for the occurrence, and determine whether the woman is at risk.

Then a visual examination of the chest and palpation are performed in two positions: standing and lying down. Palpation includes checking the axillary and supraclavicular nodes, compressing the nipples for the presence of secretions.

The doctor may then prescribe instrumental diagnostics. This includes:

1. Mammography is an x-ray examination that is indicated for women at risk and after 35 years. The method allows you to identify even those seals that could not be determined by palpation.

2. Ultrasound of the mammary glands - the most safe method which can be carried out by pregnant and lactating women. However, its functionality is limited.

3. Needle biopsy - is prescribed if the doctor has found a suspicious area. By means of a fine needle puncture, material from the pathological focus is taken for examination.

4. The study of hormonal status - these are tests for the level of major hormones.

5. Biochemical blood test - the analysis is carried out to exclude concomitant extragenital pathologies.

6. Additionally, an MRI, a study of the milk ducts, a study of a cavity formation, digital and laser mammography 2 are prescribed.

Treatment of mastopathy

If mastopathy is detected, treatment is mandatory. The basis of therapy is hormonal or non-hormonal treatment, in some cases surgical. Tactics depends on several factors that the doctor must take into account:

• the presence of a pathology that accompanies or became the cause of the disease
• whether pregnancy is planned
• whether the woman is interested in contraception.

Hormonal treatment of mastopathy

The goal of hormonal therapy for mastopathy is to reduce the action of male hormones (androgens) and female hormones(estrogen). At the same time, the action of the progestogen component of female sex hormones (progesterone) increases.

Non-hormonal treatment of mastopathy

1. Vitamin supplements. Interest in this sense are vitamins A, E, B6, PP, P, vitamin C. They are able to act in a complex way: to have an anti-estrogenic effect, reduce the production of prolactin, while simultaneously enhancing the effect of progesterone and reducing swelling of the mammary glands due to a strengthening effect on blood vessels.

2. Phytopreparations. Similar to vitamin supplements, they positively affect hormonal balance and reduce prolactin production.

3. NSAIDs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed for severe pain, relieve swelling and discomfort.

4. Iodine preparations. If there is a deficiency of thyroid hormones, these drugs normalize its work.

5. Stimulants of immunity. Otherwise, these drugs are called adaptogens.

6. Sedative drugs. They have a positive effect on the psycho-emotional state of a woman.

7. Diuretics are designed to reduce swelling in the mammary glands and reduce the pain caused by it.

Surgery

Represents the removal of the focus of nodular mastopathy, or exfoliation (enucleation) of a tumor or cyst 3.

Prevention

How to properly check?

1. To begin, stand in front of a mirror with a bare torso and lower your arms down. Remember for future inspection how symmetrical the glands are, whether their shapes, contours and sizes are correct. Skin color should be natural and uniform, the same goes for the color and shape of the nipples.

2. Lean to the sides and evaluate how evenly the breasts move, whether there are any sinking and elevations, and whether there are any discharges.

3. On palpation in the supine and standing position, pay attention to whether there are seals, roughness.

Since the appearance of mastopathy is associated with hormonal changes, it is not always possible to warn her. However, some measures are quite feasible and necessary to maintain overall health:

• eliminate constant stressful conditions;
• avoid injuries to the mammary glands, do not wear tight and uncomfortable underwear;
• lead a healthy lifestyle, avoid bad habits;
• be aware of the potential health risks of abortion;
• adhere to the principles of breastfeeding 2 .

FAQ

What are the consequences of mastopathy?

It must be remembered that FKM is a benign formation. Women with mastopathy have an increased risk of developing breast cancer. Hormonal disorders against which it develops can adversely affect the reproductive system. And yet on early stages detection and treatment of mastopathy gives almost a 100% guarantee of a cure, which is why it is so important to visit a doctor regularly 2 .

Do I need to change my lifestyle with mastopathy?

With a diagnosis, the doctor, in addition to prescribing treatment, will recommend that the woman adhere to certain rules. For example, it is undesirable to carry out any thermal procedures - tanning, solarium, baths, saunas, hot baths.

Because of high content substances that contribute to the deterioration of the condition, chocolate, coffee, tea and cocoa are excluded. With a concomitant iodine deficiency, any seafood will not be superfluous on the table 2.

Are folk methods mastopathy treatment?
The treatment that was prescribed by the doctor based on the results of the diagnosis will be truly effective. Self-treatment- these are attempts to act at random, while you can immediately act on the cause and save priceless health.

• 1. Mammology. National leadership/ Ed. HELL. Kaprina, N.I. Rozhkova. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2016 - 496. ISBN 978-5-9704-3729-2
• 2. Zaitsev V. F. Mastopathy (diagnosis and treatment) / V. F. Zaitsev, V. V. Moiseenko. - Mn.: MZ RB, 2009. - 72 p.
• 3. Letyagin V.P. Treatment of benign and malignant breast diseases / V.P. Letyagin [et al.] - M.: Rondo, 1997. - 287 p.

Mastopathy or fibrocystic disease is a pathology that causes a benign growth of breast tissue. Most often, fibroadenomatosis is diagnosed in women suffering from neuroendocrine disorders, dysfunction of the organs of the reproductive system.

The main cause of fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands is a violation of the level of sex and thyroid hormones of the thyroid gland. In patients, an increase in the concentration of prolactin, androgens and estradiol in the blood is detected. At the same time, the content of progesterone, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone is lowered, but there are no characteristic manifestations of hypothyroidism. Usually fibrous mastopathy appears against the background of the following pathologies:

• adnexitis - inflammation of the appendages;
• diseases of the thyroid gland, liver;
• diabetes.

High levels of prolactin contribute to the growth of breast tissue. This condition is accompanied by a violation of the menstrual cycle, lack of ovulation, ovarian dysfunction.

The provoking factors of fibrocystic mastopathy include:

• hereditary predisposition;
• late birth;
• the woman did not breastfeed the child;
• irregular sex life;
• a large number of abortions;
• stress, nervous disorders;
• mammary gland injuries.

In such women, the risk of developing symptoms of fibrocystic mastopathy increases by 7–8 times, the treatment of which requires an individual, integrated approach.

Clinical symptoms of the disease

Fibrocystic mastopathy mammary gland (FCM) has the following features:

• chest pain that worsens during menstruation;
• secretion of a clear or bloody secret from the nipples;
• the appearance of areas of compaction in the mammary gland.

The pain syndrome may be present constantly or appear during menstruation. Nodes are single or multiple, depending on the form of the disease. These formations can be identified by palpation.

Forms of mastopathy

Mastopathy of the mammary gland is diffuse and nodular. In the diffuse form, a fibrous lesion of the connective tissue occurs, many small cysts are formed, inside of which there are cystadenomas (papillomas). There may be hyperplasia of the lobules and tubules, cell sclerosis. Most often there is a bilateral lesion of both mammary glands.

Diffuse fibrocystic form of mastopathy is characterized by breast compaction, the formation of a large number of cysts of small size, soft, elastic to the touch. Symptoms increase during menstruation and practically disappear after the end critical days. There is a feeling of heaviness, fullness, unexpressed pain. The x-ray clearly shows the cysts, which can be up to 6 cm in diameter.

With a nodular form of mastopathy, rounded seals are formed inside the gland: fibromatosis, adenofibroma, adenosis, fibroadenoma. Neoplasms are mobile, elastic, not associated with the skin, gradually increase in size. Symptoms appear the same regardless of the menstrual cycle.

Fibrocystic and nodular mastopathy can develop simultaneously, causing tissue proliferation and the formation of cysts, seals. Any form of the disease can serve as a provoking factor for the degeneration of atypical breast cells into cancerous tumor. Therefore, women should regularly conduct an examination with a mammologist for the timely detection of the disease.

Diagnostic methods

How is fibrocystic mastopathy diagnosed and treated? The doctor performs an examination of the patient, palpates the chest, regional lymph nodes, collects an anamnesis. Important is the violation of the menstrual cycle, hereditary predisposition, previous abortions, pathological childbirth. The doctor finds out the relationship of menstruation with pain, the appearance of discharge from the mammary glands, the color and consistency of the secret.

Additionally appoint ultrasound procedure, x-ray chest, mammography, pneumocystography of the mammary glands to detect changes in the connective tissue, nodes, cysts. Diagnostic tests for women of reproductive age who do not take oral contraceptives, carried out on the 8-14th day of the menstrual cycle, when menstruation completely ends.

Cystic mastopathy of the mammary glands is determined by digital mammography. This diagnostic method can show the smallest cysts and seals, detect the disease at an early stage.

With fibrocystic mastopathy, ultrasound determines the compaction of the connective tissue, the expansion of the ducts of the mammary glands, and the multiple formation of small cysts. Before pneumocystography, fluid is removed from the cyst cavity with a thin needle, then the resulting cavity is filled with gas. After that do X-ray mammary gland in several projections. The study can show the size, parameters of the cyst, analyze the internal walls of the capsule and the degree of pathological processes.

To exclude a cancerous tumor, to distinguish cysts from adenomas, a fine-needle biopsy of the contents of the cysts, secreted from the glands, is performed. A biochemical blood test helps to determine the level of sex and thyroid hormones.

Systemic hormonal treatment of mastopathy

How to treat fibrocystic mastopathy in women? The traditional method of therapy is carried out with a diffuse form of the disease and after surgery, for this, both hormonal and non-hormonal agents are used. In the presence of concomitant diseases, it is necessary to consult a specialized specialist and conduct appropriate treatment.

Taking hormones is indicated when the balance of androgens, estrogens, prolactin, thyroxine or thyrotropin is disturbed. Preparations and dosage are selected by the attending physician, and constant monitoring of hormonal balance is necessary. Fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary gland lends itself well to this method of treatment.

How to treat the disease? As drugs for systemic hormone therapy use:

• Antiestrogens (Tamoxifen, Fariston) reduce the activity of estrogen receptors in breast tissues, reducing the biological activity of the hormone.
• Combined monophasic oral contraceptives suppress the process of ovulation, the synthesis of androgens, estrogens. Marvelon, Femoden with fibrocystic mastopathy are taken for at least 3 months. If necessary, Primolut is additionally prescribed.

• Prolactin secretion inhibitors - Bromocriptine, Parlodel are indicated for elevated prolactin levels. Begin reception with the minimum dosages. The drugs have many side effects.
• Gestagens (Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Norethisterone) inhibit the pituitary-ovarian connection, reducing the effect of estrogens on breast tissue. Such drugs are especially indicated for patients with uterine myoma, anovulatory bleeding.

• Danazol with fibrocystic mastopathy inhibits the production of gonadotropic hormone, promotes the alignment of gland tissues. But the drug has many side effects, after its use relapses occur.
• Analogues of gonadotropin (Norkolut, Pregnin) lower the level of testosterone, estrogen. The indication for their appointment is a severe form of fibrocystic mastopathy, if other methods of therapy have not given positive results.

As a result of the use of systemic hormonal therapy, the signs of fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary gland decrease, seals dissolve, diffuse tissue growth stops, pain is relieved, and the menstrual cycle is restored.

The treatment is long, it can take from 3-6 months to 2 years, the effectiveness is 70-95%. The regimen for taking hormonal drugs is selected by the doctor, taking into account the causes and severity of the disease.

Conservative methods of treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy

Women who have fibrous change does not cause tissue discomfort do not require special therapy. It is enough to conduct an analysis that excludes oncology, regular mammography, and lifestyle changes.

Non-hormonal treatment for fibrocystic mastopathy is indicated if the form of the disease is moderately severe. Therapy consists in the need to abandon bad habits, playing sports, observing proper nutrition. It is necessary to refuse:

• animal fats;
• fried and smoked food;
• semi-finished products;
• alcohol;
• strong tea;
• coffee;
• completely eliminate carbohydrates.

The diet should contain more fresh fruits and vegetables, dairy products and seafood. If the functioning of the thyroid gland is disturbed, the consumption of meat is limited.

To reduce the pain syndrome in fibrocystic mastopathy, women are prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Diclofenac, Indomethacin, Brufen), they are taken in the second phase of the menstrual cycle. The indicated means reduce puffiness, inflammatory process, contribute to the resorption of seals.

Scientists have proven that disruption digestive tract contributes to the development of cancer and fibrocystic mastopathy of the breast, since the deterioration of peristalsis slows down the process of estrogen utilization. Therefore, women need to consume foods rich in vegetable fiber, at least 1.5 liters of fluid per day.

Conservative treatment for fibrocystic mastopathy must necessarily include the intake of vitamins PP, E, A, B, C, selenium, zinc, sedatives. The vitamin-mineral complex has a beneficial effect on hormonal balance, improves blood circulation, and helps reduce swelling of the mammary gland. Selenium, zinc, tocopherol have an antioxidant effect, prevent the degeneration of cells into malignant tumors.

In the premenstrual period, women suffering from bilateral fibrocystic mastopathy may experience significant swelling of the face and limbs. Such patients are shown taking diuretic drugs, diuretic herbal teas, and salt intake should also be limited.

Plant adaptogens are effective in mastopathy - Eleutherococcus, Radiola pink. These drugs saturate the body with vitamins, increase immunity, strengthen nervous system normalize blood pressure. You need to take the medicine for at least 4 months.

Surgical method of treatment

If other methods of treatment for fibrocystic mastopathy do not give results, the disease progresses, then surgical intervention. Resection of large nodes is carried out, after which the material is sent for histological examination. In case of detection of cancer cells, the mammary gland is completely removed, chemotherapy is prescribed. If the seals are benign, a course of conservative therapy is carried out after the operation.

When, as a result of diagnostics by pneumocystography, the growth of the epithelium inside the cyst is detected, the presence of atypical cells, surgical intervention and subsequent drug treatment are prescribed. In the case of multiple formation of cysts or nodes, an extended resection or subcutaneous mastectomy is performed.

After the therapy, women are forbidden to stay in the sun for a long time, visit the sauna, solarium, and take physiotherapeutic procedures. It is important to avoid stress, maintain immunity.

Folk remedies for mastopathy

How to cure fibrocystic mastopathy with folk remedies? Non-traditional methods can only be used in combination with the main treatment and with the permission of the attending physician. Phytotherapy, homeopathic remedies help to strengthen immune defense body, normalize hormonal levels, restore the menstrual cycle.

deserved positive reviews among women white cabbage. The plant is rich in zinc, selenium, contains all essential vitamins for tissue exchange. Unique vitamin U has antitumor properties, has a powerful antioxidant effect.

Cabbage leaf is applied to the mammary gland as a compress at night. Pre-lubricated with honey or butter. The procedure is done daily from the moment of the onset of menstruation for 7 days. This recipe should not be used by women who are allergic to bee products.

Since the disease can be caused by stressful conditions, it is useful to drink soothing decoctions from valerian, motherwort, lemon balm in the treatment of fibrocystic breast mastopathy. Tea from blackcurrant, rosehip, citrus fruits, chokeberry contributes to the normalization of blood circulation, blood pressure, and strengthening of blood vessels.

Treatment folk remedies restores the functioning of the ovaries, helps with infertility, uterine bleeding. One such method is red brush therapy. This is medicinal plant contains essential oils, bioflavonoids, minerals and vitamins that normalize the balance of sex hormones, metabolic processes in the body. After applying the red brush, women note a decrease in soreness of the mammary glands, a cessation of the growth of nodes, discharge from the nipples.

Prevention of fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands

Women of reproductive age before menopause need to undergo mammography once every 2 years, examination by a gynecologist and mammologist. After menopause preventive actions shown annually.

At home, regular self-examination and palpation of the mammary glands should be carried out. A change in size, the appearance of discharge from the nipples, painful knots in the chest is a reason for an urgent visit to the doctor. Fibrocystic mastopathy at an early stage is manifested by compaction of the gland, pain during menstruation. A woman may find nodules. After the end of menstruation, the symptoms disappear.

It is important to choose the right bra, you should give preference to natural cotton materials. Underwear should not squeeze and deform the chest.

An important measure for the prevention of mastopathy is the timely treatment of infectious, inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system, the prevention of abortion. During lactation, the development of mastitis should not be allowed.

The fibrocystic form of mastopathy is a disease that requires emergency treatment. Delay with a visit to the doctor, uncontrolled reception medicines can worsen the condition of a woman, lead to the degeneration of benign nodes into a cancerous tumor.

Bibliography

1. Viral, chlamydial and mycoplasmal diseases of the genitals. Guide for the doctor. - M.: Information and publishing house "Filin", 1997. -536 p.
2. Adamyan L.V. etc. Malformations of the uterus and vagina. – M.: Medicine, 1998.
3. New honey. technology (Methodological recommendations) "Management of preterm pregnancy complicated by premature rupture of membranes"; Makarov O.V., Kozlov P.V. (Edited by Volodin N.N.) - RASPM; Moscow; TsKMS GOU VPO RSMU-2006.
4. Miscarriage, infection, innate immunity; Makarov O.V., Bakhareva I.V. (Gankovskaya L.V., Gankovskaya O.A., Kovalchuk L.V.) - "GEOTAR - Media". - Moscow. - 73 p.-2007.

What are the causes of fibrocystic mastopathy, what is it? This disease is characterized by a benign course. Fibrocystic mastopathy is accompanied by the appearance of seals and cysts in the chest, which may have different shape and sizes. Often given form The disease is diagnosed in women of reproductive age (30-45 years).

The risk group includes those who suffer from various gynecological problems. Fibrocystic mastopathy is very easy to cure on early stages. Therefore, a timely visit to a doctor will prevent many life-threatening consequences for a woman.

The mechanism of development of pathology

The mechanism of development of fibrocystic mastopathy is the presence of hormonal imbalance in a woman's body. Often this pathology occurs when there is insufficient production of progesterone.

Also fibrocystic mastopathy appears in the presence of concomitant problems with the ovaries, which leads to hyperfunction of estrogen. This hormone causes increased cell division in the mammary glands, which should be inhibited in the second phase of the menstrual cycle when sufficient progesterone is produced.

Also, a negative effect on the condition of the mammary glands produces excessive production of prolactin. This hormone is responsible for lactation and normally begins to be released during pregnancy. If the level of prolactin has increased for other reasons, then the development of fibrocystic mastopathy is quite possible.

Causes of the disease

Changes hormonal background, which lead to fibrocystic mastopathy, occur in the presence of certain negative factors. To provoke this disease, it is necessary that they act on the body of a woman for a long period of time.

Also, fibrocystic mastopathy often appears with the simultaneous negative influence of several factors. These include:

• earlier puberty, which leads to rapid hormonal changes and subsequently to mastopathy;
• late menopause. Prolonged hormonal effects on the mammary glands can provoke fibrocystic mastopathy;
• absence of pregnancy and childbirth up to 30 years;
• refusal or its premature termination;
• hereditary predisposition to mastopathy;
• long stay in a stressful or depressive state;

• Availability bad habits- smoking, alcohol abuse;
• injury to the mammary glands;
• the presence of hormone-dependent diseases of a gynecological nature - fibroids, endometriosis, and others;
• pathology of the liver, thyroid gland, adrenal glands;
• obesity. Subcutaneous fatty tissue is involved in the process of estrogen synthesis, which leads to an increase in its level;
• the presence of tumors in the hypothalamic-pituitary region;
• lack of regular sexual life, sexual dissatisfaction.

Symptoms of mastopathy

Fibrocystic mastopathy - what is it and how is it manifested? This pathology can be determined on the basis of the main symptoms that accompany it. With mastopathy (fibrocystic mastopathy), the following negative manifestations are observed:

• pain sensations. At first, fibrocystic mastopathy is manifested by slight discomfort, which intensifies on the eve of the next menstruation. In the future, the woman observes severe pain. It can be dull, aching, or even sharp. so big that it is almost impossible to touch the chest;
• the appearance of discharge from the nipple. The presence of this symptom in mastopathy is optional. If discharges are present, they may be clear, white, greenish (indicating a secondary infection). The appearance of blood in their composition indicates a malignant course of the disease. Allocations may appear when you press the nipple or flow out on their own;
• during palpation, many formations are found that may have different size and character. Usually these seals are quite painful.

With symptoms, treatment, prevention of this pathology is determined on the basis of its course characteristics. There are two main forms of the disease - diffuse and nodular. In the latter case, the formations characteristic of fibrocystic mastopathy are localized in one area of ​​the mammary gland. They appear as dense nodes without obvious boundaries, the size of which can reach 6-7 cm. When forming cysts, a rounded formation is found. It is elastic, has clear boundaries and is not connected to the surrounding tissues.

With the development diffuse form disease painful seals are placed throughout the volume of the chest. In this case, fibrocystic mastopathy is divided into several types:

• adenosis. It is characterized by a predominant predominance of glandular tissue. In this case, there is an increase in the density of the mammary glands in combination with pain;
• fibrous form. It is characterized by the appearance of seals, which lead to a significant narrowing of the ducts;
• cystic form. Characterized by the predominance of cysts;
• mixed form. It is characterized by the appearance of various pathological formations in almost equal proportions.

Diagnosis of mastopathy - primary examination

Fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands is diagnosed using an integrated approach. First of all, the mammologist examines the patient's medical history, conducts an examination. It consists in palpation of the mammary glands, which allows you to determine the presence of nodes, dense inclusions, which can be found in a single or multiple quantity.

The palpation of the chest is performed in two positions - standing and lying down. This examination is used to diagnose mastopathy only in the first phase of the cycle. At other times, palpation is not advisable, since the result will be distorted.

Also, the doctor carefully examines the chest. It determines their symmetry, the presence or absence of edema, the position of the nipples. Part initial examination women without fail include palpation of regional lymph nodes. Diagnostic value have those that are placed under the armpits, near the collarbones. It is taken into account the presence of any seals. Also, when examining a woman, the doctor squeezes the nipples. This allows you to determine the presence of secretions, their nature and volume.

Instrumental and laboratory methods for diagnosing mastopathy

If FCM is suspected, the doctor prescribes additional tests and diagnostic procedures, which allows you to more accurately determine the nature of negative changes in the mammary glands. These include:

• mammography. It consists in conducting an x-ray examination of the mammary glands. This diagnostic procedure is performed for women who are over 35 years old. In more early age Mammography is indicated when there is a high risk of breast cancer. With help this method studies can reveal the smallest formations in the mammary glands with mastopathy, which are not detected during palpation;
• Breast ultrasound. With fibrocystic mastopathy, treatment can be prescribed only after passing this diagnostic procedure. This is an effective research method that is most often used for young women during pregnancy or lactation. Sometimes ultrasound with mastopathy can be uninformative, especially if this procedure conducted by a low-skilled doctor;
• biopsy puncture. If, as a result of an examination or other diagnostic procedure, a suspicious area was identified, a histological examination of its tissues is performed. To do this, make a puncture;
• blood test for hormones. First of all, the level of estrogen, progesterone, and, if necessary, prolactin, is determined. In some cases, a study is made on the hormones of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs. This diagnostic procedure allows you to identify gynecological problems that often precede fibrocystic mastopathy;
• biochemical and general analysis blood. This study necessary to detect other pathologies.

Conservative treatment with non-hormonal drugs for mastopathy

How to treat fibrocystic mastopathy to get rid of this problem forever? In the early stages of the disease, doctors recommend resorting to non-hormonal therapy, which is aimed at normalizing the functioning of the whole organism.

Also, this technique is used in more severe cases of mastopathy in combination with other methods of treatment. Not hormone therapy based on the use of the following medications:

• vitamin and mineral complexes. Preparations from this group have a positive effect on the functioning of the whole organism, which directly affects the condition of the mammary glands and relieves mastopathy. Most often, vitamins A, E, P, PP, C, B6 are prescribed;
• iodine preparations. They have a positive effect on the functioning of the thyroid gland, which plays a major role in the production of many hormones that directly affect the state of the mammary glands;
• sedatives. Used if a sick woman is prone to excessive emotional experiences, excitement or has more serious problems psycho-emotional nature;
• phytopreparations. Assign to eliminate hormonal imbalance in the body of a woman. Phytopreparations are milder than their synthetic counterparts, but to achieve positive result it is necessary to undergo a long course of treatment;
• anti-inflammatory drugs (non-steroidal). They are used to eliminate pain syndrome, edema, which cause a lot of suffering in fibrocystic mastopathy;
• diuretics. They are used only in some cases to eliminate large swelling in the mammary glands.

Hormonal therapy of mastopathy

How to cure fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands in the presence of serious pathological changes? In many cases, hormonal therapy will be effective, which eliminates the imbalance of hormones that leads to this disease. Women with mastopathy are most often prescribed:

• gestagens. Assign to the second phase of the cycle to normalize the level of estrogen and progesterone. Treatment with gestagens should occur for at least 4 months. Also, drugs from this group can be applied in the form of gels topically, which minimizes the possibility of any side effects;
• inhibitors of prolactin production. They are prescribed to reduce the level of this hormone, which is determined on the basis of a blood test;
• androgens. Data treatment is indicated for women at a more mature age (after 45 years). Androgens are prescribed for a long period– 4-6 months;
• antiestrogen. These drugs inhibit the production of estrogen, which leads to an improvement in the condition of a woman in the presence of mastopathy;
• . Appointed for women whose age is less than 35 years. They help to normalize the cycle, which has a positive effect on the condition of the mammary glands.

Surgical treatment for mastopathy

Treatment of mastopathy surgically occurs if, as a result of the examination, large formations (fibroadenomas, cysts) in the chest are detected, the size of which exceeds 1.5 cm. The operation is necessary if there is a high risk of developing malignant processes. Also surgical intervention indicated for recurrence of the disease or when the size of the formations is rapidly increasing. The operation to remove them is performed in several ways:

• enucleation. It is used when a small formation needs to be removed. To do this, a small incision is made on the chest, and the tumor is removed by exfoliation;
• sectoral resection. It is carried out with the development of malignant processes or in other severe cases. In this case, not only the formation is removed, but also a small part of the surrounding tissues;
• laser ablation. When it is carried out, the modified tissues are burned out, while healthy cells are minimally injured.

How to treat mastopathy? They help in many cases. The following recipes are considered the most popular and effective:

• cabbage with honey A fresh leaf is washed under running water, wiped. It is smeared with honey and applied to the breast. Cabbage is fixed with a cloth or bandage and left for 6-12 hours. The procedure is repeated every day;
• herbal collection. To normalize the hormonal background, it is necessary to take nettle, sage, wormwood and plantain (1: 1: 2: 2). A small amount of this mixture should be poured with 220 ml of boiling water and insisted for an hour. The resulting liquid is recommended to drink during the day, divided into several doses;
• burdock ointment. This tool must be daily lubricated chest. To prepare the ointment take 150 ml sunflower oil, where add 50 g of crushed burdock leaves (dried).

Update: December 2018

It is known that most women suffer from this pathology, and the peak incidence is observed in childbearing age (about 30-45 years). Fibrocystic mastopathy is considered one of the most common diseases in women, and its frequency of occurrence is 30 - 40%, in the case of concomitant gynecological diseases in the fairer sex, this pathology reaches 58%.

Definition of the term

Fibrocystic mastopathy or fibrocystic disease is such a benign dyshormonal pathology of the mammary glands, in which both proliferative and regressive changes in their tissues are noted, as a result of which an abnormal ratio of epithelial and connective tissue components is formed.

The structure and regulation of the mammary glands

The mammary gland belongs to paired organs and is represented by three types of tissues. The main one is the parenchyma or glandular tissue, in which ducts of various diameters pass, the glandular tissue is divided into lobules and lobes (there are about 15-20 of them). The lobules and lobes are separated by stroma or connective tissue, which makes up the framework of the mammary gland. And the third type of tissue is adipose, it is into it that the lobules, lobes and stroma of the mammary gland are immersed. The percentage of parenchyma, stroma and adipose tissue is directly related to the physiological state (age) of the reproductive system.

During gestation, the mammary glands reach morphological maturity. Their size and mass increase, the number of lobules and ducts increases, and milk secretion begins in the alveoli (the morphomolecular unit of the mammary gland). After childbirth, due to the production of milk, the mammary glands increase even more (milky sinuses form in the ducts of the lobes, in which milk accumulates). And after the cessation of lactation in mammary glands ah, involution occurs, and the stroma is replaced by adipose tissue. With age (after 40), the parenchyma is also replaced by adipose tissue.

Both growth and development of the mammary glands are regulated by numerous hormones. The main ones are , and . The role in the regulation of the development of the mammary glands and somatotropic hormone has also been proven. The parenchyma is subject to the main changes in the mammary glands under the action of hormones, and the stroma is subjected to hormonal effects to a lesser extent. The state of the mammary glands depends on the ratio of the content of these hormones. When the hormonal balance is disturbed, mastopathy of the mammary glands develops.

Forms of mastopathy

AT modern medicine there are many classifications this disease. The most convenient in clinical work is the following:

Diffuse mastopathy

Nodular mastopathy

• lipoma;
• fibroadenoma;
• breast cyst;
• lipogranuloma;
• intraductal papilloma (roughly speaking, a wart in the milk duct);
• hematoma of the mammary gland;
• angioma.

In the case of damage to both mammary glands, they speak of bilateral fibrocystic mastopathy, and with the development of a process in one gland, one-sided (for example, a cyst of the left mammary gland).

Depending on the expression clinical manifestations the disease can be mild, moderate and severe.

In addition, both diffuse and nodular mastopathy can be proliferating and non-proliferating forms. Prognostically unfavorable is fibrocystic mastopathy (FCM) of the first form. In this case, there is a proliferation of the epithelium of the lactiferous ducts, which leads to the formation of intraductal papillomas or proliferative changes in the epithelium of the inner walls of the cysts, which leads to the development of cystadenopapilloma.

All the described changes are fraught with malignant transformations and dangerous occurrence.

Also stands out special form mammary gland at the end of the second phase of the cycle, which is called mastodynia or mastalgia. Mastodynia is caused by cyclic engorgement of the gland due to venous stasis and edema of the stroma, which leads to a sharp increase and soreness of the mammary gland (more than 15%).

Causes

Etiological factors and the very mechanism of the development of the disease are due to hormonal imbalance. The leading role in the formation of mastopathy is given to conditions in which there is a deficiency of progesterone, impaired ovarian function and / or absolute or relative hyperestrogenism. This is due to the fact that estrogens promote the proliferation of the epithelium in the alveoli, lactiferous passages, increase the activity of fibroblasts, which causes proliferation and stroma. Also, in the mechanism of the formation of the disease, hyperprolactinemia and an excess of prostaglandins are also important (they call for mastodynia, and then mastopathy). For the development of hormonal imbalance, the action of provoking factors is necessary. But even with their existence, mastopathy does not develop immediately, since their long-term influence (several years) and the “layering” of one factor on another are needed. These provoking factors include:

• early menarche (early puberty, up to 12 years, leads to rapid hormonal changes, which also affects the state of the mammary glands);
• late menopause (cessation of menstruation after 55 years is also unfavorable for the mammary glands due to prolonged hormonal effects on their tissues);
• termination of pregnancy (a sharp hormonal decline after an abortion or miscarriage leads to hormonal disorders and the development of mastopathy);
• pregnancy and childbirth were absent altogether;
• a short lactation period or a categorical refusal to breastfeed;
• heredity (benign and malignant breast diseases in women on the maternal side);
• age (over 35);
• stress as a cause of endocrine pathology;
• bad habits;
• mammary gland injuries, chest compression with a tight and uncomfortable bra;
• inflammatory processes of the mammary glands;
• hormone dependent gynecological diseases(cycle disorders, anovulation and, fibroids, endometriosis);
• lack of iodine;
• pathology of the liver, thyroid gland;
• obesity (adipose tissue acts as a depot of estrogens, and their excess leads to hormonal disorders);
• tumors of the hypothalamus and / or pituitary gland (failures in the production of FSH and LH lead to hyperestrogenism);
• irregular sex life or dissatisfaction in sex, which contributes to stagnation of blood in the pelvic organs and, as a result, causes ovarian dysfunction and hormonal imbalance.

Symptoms

With mastopathy, the symptoms and their severity depend not only on the form of the disease, but also on the emotional state and character of the woman and on the existing comorbidities. In the clinic of mastopathy, the following symptoms predominate:

• Mastodynia or breast tenderness

Pain syndrome can be different nature and intensity. AT initial stage diseases of chest pain appear on the eve of menstruation, which many women regard as premenstrual syndrome. The pain may be dull, aching, or so sharp that it is impossible to touch the chest. The pain syndrome is caused by stagnation of blood in the veins and swelling of the tissues and is described by patients as breast engorgement. Women also note an increase in the volume of the mammary glands (edema). After menstruation, the pain disappears, but as the pathology progresses, the pain becomes constant, only its intensity changes depending on the phase of the cycle. Severe pain has a negative impact on the psycho-emotional state of a woman. In addition to sleep disturbance, mental lability is noted, irritability, aggressiveness and tearfulness appear.

• Discharge from the nipples and the presence of seals / formations in the breast

Discharge from the nipples is characteristic, but not obligatory symptom mastopathy. The severity and color of the discharge also varies. The discharge can be insignificant and appear only when the nipple is squeezed or occurs on its own, as evidenced by spots on the underwear. The color of the discharge may be whitish or transparent, or greenish, which indicates the addition of a secondary infection. The appearance of discharge from the chest indicates the involvement of the milk ducts in the process. A prognostically unfavorable sign is the appearance of brown or bloody discharge, which is inherent in malignant tumors.

Diffuse mastopathy

It is more often diagnosed in young women, while palpation determines enlarged and painful mammary glands with coarse heaviness and pronounced lobulation, as well as fine granularity.

Nodular mastopathy

Nodular - is the next stage in the development of the disease, which occurs in the absence of treatment for the diffuse form of pathology. Palpation of the mammary glands allows you to feel with your fingers a separate or separate areas of compaction or cysts. Foci of compaction are palpated as dense nodes without obvious boundaries with pronounced lobulation. Nodes can reach impressive sizes (up to 6 - 7 cm). In the case of the formation of a breast cyst, elastic formations are palpated, round or oval with obvious boundaries that are not connected with the surrounding tissues.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of the disease begins with the collection of anamnesis and complaints. After the survey, the patient doctor examines and palpates the mammary glands. On examination, the contours of the breast, the presence / absence of asymmetry of the mammary glands, skin tone and venous pattern, the position of the nipples and whether they are deformed are specified.

Next, palpation of the mammary glands is carried out (mandatory in the first phase of the cycle) in two positions: standing and lying down, since some formations may not be palpable in one position. In addition, the doctor squeezes the nipples and determines the presence / absence of discharge from them, and also palpates regional lymph nodes (axillary, sub- and supraclavicular).

To instrumental methods mastopathy diagnostics include:

• Mammography

The essence of this method is x-ray examination chest. Mammography is indicated for women at significant risk for breast cancer, as well as for all women 35 years of age and older when undergoing medical examinations. inspection. An x-ray of the mammary glands is performed in the first half of the cycle (7-10 days) and always in 2 projections (direct and lateral). The advantages of mammography include high information content (up to 97%), the ability to detect non-palpable formations.

• Ultrasound of the mammary glands

This examination is indicated for women under 35 years of age, as well as for pregnant and lactating women. The advantages of the method are harmlessness and safety, high resolution, the possibility of examining breast implants or with existing trauma and/or inflammation of the breast, and the possibility of examining regional lymph nodes. Among the shortcomings of the method: it is impossible to examine the mammary gland as a whole, but only a “cut”, low information content in case of fatty degeneration of the breast, subjective assessment of the images (depending on the qualifications and experience of the doctor).

• Needle biopsy

If a suspicious area (seal or cavity formation) is detected, a fine-needle puncture of the pathological focus is performed, followed by a histological examination of the contents.

• Study of hormonal status

First of all, the level of estrogen and progesterone is determined, if hyperprolactinemia is suspected, the level of prolactin, and if necessary, adrenal and thyroid hormones are examined.

• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs

It is carried out to exclude diseases of the ovaries and uterus.

• Blood chemistry

Liver enzymes, blood sugar and other indicators are examined to exclude concomitant extragenital diseases.

In addition, from additional ways studies of the mammary glands are used (if necessary) ductography (examination of the milk ducts), pneumocystography (examination of abdominal formation), laser and digital mammography, thermography, magnetic resonance imaging.

Treatment

If mastopathy is detected, treatment should be carried out without fail and its tactics depend on a number of factors: the age of the patient, the form of the disease, the presence of concomitant pathology, interest in pregnancy or contraception. Fibrocystic mastopathy involves treatment both conservatively and surgically.

Conservative treatment patients are subjected only to a diagnosed form of diffuse mastopathy, and after consultation with a mammologist-oncologist. Conservative therapy carried out by non-hormonal and hormonal preparations.

Non-hormonal treatments

• vitamins

Vitamin A is prescribed, which has an antiestrogenic effect, vitamin E, which enhances the action of progesterone, vitamin B6, reduces the content of prolactin, vitamins PP, P and ascorbic acid, which strengthen the vascular wall, normalize microcirculation and reduce swelling of the mammary glands. In addition, all of the listed vitamin preparations improve liver function, where estrogens are inactivated and, in general, have a beneficial effect on mammary gland tissues.

• Iodine preparations

Iodomarin, iodine-active are used, which normalize the functioning of the thyroid gland and participate in the formation of its hormones (see).

• Sedatives and biostimulants (adaptogens)

Purpose (motherwort, valerian, peony tincture) normalize the patient's psycho-emotional state, improve sleep and increase resistance to stress. Adaptogens (eleutherococcus, radiola rosea) stimulate the immune system, normalize metabolic processes in the body, improve the functioning of the liver and brain.

• Phytopreparations

Mastodinone, cyclodinone or remens are used, which have a beneficial effect on hormonal balance, eliminate pathological processes in the mammary glands, reduce the concentration of prolactin.

The appointment of drugs such as indomethacin, nise, or not only reduce the pain syndrome by suppressing the synthesis of prostaglandins - "causative agents" of pain, but also relieve swelling and engorgement of the mammary glands.

• Diuretic

Diuretic drugs (lasix or: lingonberry leaf, kidney tea,) help to subside swelling in the mammary glands and reduce pain.

hormone therapy

This is the main link of conservative treatment, it consists in prescribing the following groups of drugs:

• Gestagens

Taking utrozhestan, dufaston, norkolut, pregnin and other drugs in the second phase of the cycle reduces the synthesis of estrogen and normalizes the level of progesterone, which favorably affects the course of mastopathy. The duration of taking progestogens is at least 4 months. Perhaps topical application gestagens (progestogel) - applying the gel to the surface of the mammary glands twice a day for at least 3-4 months, which promotes the absorption of 90% of progesterone by the mammary gland tissues and eliminates side effects.

• Prolactin production inhibitors

Parlodel suppresses the secretion of prolactin and is prescribed for hyperprolactinemia.

• Androgens

Treatment with androgens (methyltestosterone, danazol, testobromlecid) is carried out for women after 45 years for 4-6 months continuously. Androgens inhibit the release of FSH and LH by the pituitary gland, suppress their action on the ovaries and inhibit the production of hormones by the ovaries.

• Antiestrogens

Tamoxifen and other drugs in this group are taken continuously for 3 months.

• Combined oral contraceptives

Taking Marvelon, Rigevidon and other contraceptives is indicated for patients under 35 years of age with anovulation and violation of the second phase of the cycle.

Surgery indicated in the detection of nodular mastopathy (fibroadenomas or cysts) and consists either in carrying out sectoral resection mammary gland (removal of the pathological focus along with the breast sector) or in the enucleation (husking) of the tumor / cyst. Indications for surgery are: suspicion of cancer according to the histological examination of the punctate, rapid growth of fibroadenoma, recurrence of the cyst after a previous puncture.

Question answer

Is pregnancy allowed with mastopathy?

Pregnancy has a positive effect on the course of mastopathy, since the change (increased secretion of progesterone) during gestation not only stops the disease, but contributes to a complete cure.

Is it possible to breastfeed with mastopathy?

Not only possible, but necessary. Lactation is the prevention of breast diseases, and in the case of mastopathy, it contributes to the normalization of processes in the tissues of the mammary glands (the growth of the epithelium of the glandular tissue increases, which suppresses the reproduction of cells of the pathological formation).

Is it possible to use alternative treatment for mastopathy?

Yes, it is possible to use alternative treatment methods for this disease, but only when combined with drug treatment and after consulting a doctor.

What methods of alternative treatment are used for mastopathy?

One of the effective ways of folk therapy is the use of fresh cabbage. You can attach a fresh cabbage leaf with cut veins to your chest at night, wrapping it in a towel, or you can twist the cabbage and pumpkin (1: 1) through a meat grinder, evenly distribute the resulting mass over the mammary glands, wrap with polyethylene, and then with gauze and leave the compress for 2 hours . Similar treatment relieves pain and inflammation, reduces swelling in the mammary glands and is carried out in courses of 7 to 14 days.

Why is mastopathy dangerous?

Complications of mastopathy include recurrence of the disease after drug treatment, which is possible with undiagnosed hormonal disorders, suppuration and rupture of the breast cyst and the degeneration of fibroadenoma into cancer (less than 1% with a non-proliferating form and reaches 32% with severe fibroadenoma proliferation). So nodular mastopathy it is necessary to treat without fail operatively, without delay.

Is it possible to sunbathe with mastopathy?

Sunbathing, as well as other thermal procedures (visiting a bath or sauna) with this disease is prohibited. It should be remembered that with any form of mastopathy, a woman is included in the group high risk for breast cancer, and insolation and any other type of “heating” of the breast contributes to the transition of diffuse mastopathy to nodular or malignant benign tumor chest.

Is it necessary to follow a diet?

Yes, with mastopathy, one should adhere to the principles medical nutrition, which excludes the intake of chocolate, coffee, tea and cocoa due to the high content of methylxanthines in them, which not only increase the pain syndrome, but also contribute to the progression of the disease. The diet should be rich in fresh vegetables and fruits (sources of vitamins and coarse fiber, which improves bowel function), grains and bran products, dairy and seafood (sources of calcium and iodine), vegetable oils(vitamin E).

How to prevent disease?

To prevent the development of mastopathy, it is necessary to adhere to several principles:

• to refuse from bad habits;
• wearing comfortable underwear;
• refusal of abortions;
• avoid stress (if possible);
• adhere to the principles of breastfeeding;
• regularly carried out and checked by a doctor;
• avoid chest injury;
• adhere to a regular sexual life.

Fibrocystic mastopathy is a disease in which there is an excess of hormones, leading to cystic tissue growth, the formation of growths. It usually occurs in women under the age of 50.

Fibrocystic mastopathy can develop as a result of many predisposing factors. The occurrence of the disease can be affected by congenital predisposition, negative environmental conditions, poor nutrition.

On a note! Hormonal disorders negatively affect the hormonal background, causing dangerous changes in the body.

Common causes leading to the occurrence of fibrocystic mastopathy:

1. Lack of sexual intercourse associated with psychological disorders.
2. Inability to have children as a result of an abortion, menstrual irregularities. In some cases, fibrocystic mastopathy affects women who have not breastfed their child.
3. Pathologies of metabolic processes. The onset of the disease can be affected by diabetes mellitus, overweight, and hyperthyroidism.
4. Psychological disorders caused by severe stress.
5. congenital predisposition. Availability this factor can be clarified by finding out whether the next of kin has an appropriate diagnosis.
6. Pathologies that negatively affect the organs of the reproductive system. Mastopathy occurs when the treatment of cystic formations, endometritis is refused.
7. Lifestyle that negatively affects the condition internal organs. Mastopathy can occur in women, long time suffering from the syndrome chronic fatigue not allocating enough time for rest.
8. Eating too much food, not following the diet recommended by your doctor, not eating enough fiber.

Video - Fibrocystic mastopathy

Symptoms

The main manifestations of the disease:

1. The presence of places where seals are noticeable in the chest area. Usually patients find them on their own.
2. Pain syndrome localized in the area mammary gland. Patients often complain of pain aching character, feeling of heaviness, other violations. Pain can be either permanent or appear intermittently.
3. Pathological discharge that has a dark or light color, the appearance of pus is also possible.
4. Enlarged lymph nodes. This symptom does not occur in all patients.

The listed symptoms can appear periodically, in some cases, patients do not notice all the signs. Sometimes the mammary glands increase in size, with pain on palpation. Women suffer from edema, the severity of which varies depending on the menstrual cycle.

On a note! Mastopathy can provoke the appearance of headaches, emotional disorders.

Features of symptoms

85% of patients complain of severe pain in the chest - the main symptom of the disease. Sometimes there is discharge from the nipples. These symptoms occur on the eve of menstruation. Seals are also diagnosed, with palpation their elasticity is noted. Cystic areas are separated from surrounding tissues.

Video - Symptoms and treatment of breast mastopathy

Treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy

In order to guarantee to stop the symptoms of the disease, it is advisable to carry out competent diagnostics, consult a doctor. An integrated approach is used to treat this disease, including changes in diet, the use of comfortable underwear, the use of vitamins, anti-inflammatory and sedatives, in some cases, the use of hormonal and homeopathic medicines is practiced.

Power correction

It is advisable to completely eliminate foods that can affect the formation fibrous tissue, the appearance of fluid in the structure of the cyst. Doctors often recommend completely giving up coffee, limiting the consumption of tea, chocolate, and sweets. Many experts believe that any pathology of the mammary glands occurs as a secondary phenomenon after the formation of disorders in the intestines. It is desirable to completely eliminate constipation, normalize the bacterial flora.

If you have been diagnosed with mastopathy, it is advisable to eat foods that contain the maximum amount of fiber. Eat fruits and vegetables daily. Drink enough water. Get rid of bad habits, in particular, the use of alcoholic beverages.

On a note! Do not cook too fatty meals, it is advisable to completely exclude from the diet foods that can irritate the gastrointestinal tract.

Using the right underwear

If you suffer from mastopathy, it is advisable to review the entire wardrobe, in particular, underwear. Carefully measure your parameters so as not to purchase uncomfortable clothes. Pay attention to all the elements of underwear, make sure that the clothes do not cause discomfort.

vitamins

Useful trace elements are necessary to improve the state of the immune system, stabilize the hormonal background, as well as activate the endocrine system. Experts recommend using vitamins B, A, E for mastopathy in the first place. Use the drug Aevit(dosage: 1 capsule per day for 30 days) or Triovit(dosage: 1 capsule per day for 2 months).

Diuretics

If the disease was not cured in time, most patients suffer from edema. They may spread throughout the body. To get rid of negative phenomena, it is enough to use light diuretics. It is advisable to abandon the use of drugs, replacing them with special teas based on medicinal herbs.

On a note! The amount of salt consumed daily should be reduced.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Doctors often recommend using nise, diclofenac allowing you to completely get rid of the pain syndrome. Unpleasant sensations aggravated before menstruation. It is advisable to use these drugs if you experience severe discomfort. Course of therapy nonsteroidal drugs with mastopathy is not provided.

Sedative drugs

Necessary to eliminate psychological stress factors, which allows for a short time to reduce the intensity of the symptoms of the disease. use valerian infusion or motherwort. You can use special teas. Many use sage tea. To prepare it, place 1 tsp. chopped herbs in 1/2 tbsp. boiling water, brew, then take 2-3 times a day.

hormone therapy

If a hormonal failure occurs in the body, the functioning of the mammary glands without violations is impossible. It is necessary to control the level of estrogen and progesterone. With mastopathy, the amount of hormones increases, which causes the growth of the mammary glands. Should be used medicines needed to suppress estrogen activity. Doctors often prescribe Toremifene and Tamoxifen.

To suppress the secretion of excessive amounts of hormones, oral contraceptives are used, in particular, Marvelon. With their help, you can eliminate the increased production of almost all female hormones, stabilize the endocrine system.

Non-hormonal drugs

To restore the balance of hormones, reduce the intensity of the growth of the mammary glands, often prescribed Mammolin. The drug is made on a plant basis, is used to increase the amount of female hormones.

Homeopathy

These drugs help reduce the amount of prolactin, while they are not characterized by pronounced side effects. Doctors usually prescribe Remens, Mastodinon.

Iodine preparations

It is used in this case, if, together with mastopathy, women suffer from disorders in the thyroid gland. Doctors prescribe them for severe hypothyroidism. If autoimmune mechanisms are activated in the body, these drugs are not prescribed. Popular drugs from this group: Iodomarin, mamoclam.

Surgery

In some cases, drug therapy does not lead to the expected effect. A decision is made to carry out surgical operation. Also, the operation is carried out without fail if an oncological tumor develops.

On a note! In order to timely detect fibrocystic mastopathy, it is advisable to regularly undergo diagnostic examinations, consult a doctor if symptoms of the disease occur.

Save so you don't lose!