The child has a high temperature. Why does body temperature rise? Can a healthy person have a temperature of 37

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Temperature increase body to low subfebrile levels is a fairly common occurrence. It can be associated with various diseases, or be a variant of the norm, or be an error in measurements.

In any case, if the temperature remains at 37 o C, it is necessary to report this to a qualified specialist. Only he, after necessary examination, can tell whether this is a variant of the norm, or indicates the presence of a disease.

Temperature: what can it be?

It should be borne in mind that body temperature is a variable value. Fluctuations during the day in different directions are acceptable, which is quite normal. None symptoms it is not accompanied. But a person who first discovers a constant temperature of 37 o C can be extremely worried about this.

A person's body temperature may be as follows:
1. Reduced (less than 35.5 o C).
2. Normal (35.5-37 o C).
3. Increased:

• subfebrile (37.1-38 o C);
• febrile (above 38 o C).

Often, experts do not even consider thermometry results within 37-37.5 o C to be pathology, calling only data of 37.5-38 o C subfebrile temperature.

What you need to know about normal temperature:

• According to statistics, the most common normal temperature body - 37 o C, and not 36.6 o C, contrary to popular belief.
• The norm is physiological fluctuations in thermometry readings during the day for the same person within 0.5 o C, or even more.
• In the morning hours there are usually more low performance, while the body temperature during the day or evening can be 37 o C, or slightly higher.
• In deep sleep, thermometry readings may correspond to 36 o C or less (as a rule, the lowest readings are observed between 4 and 6 o’clock in the morning, but a temperature of 37 o C or higher in the morning may indicate pathology).
• The highest measurement data is often recorded from approximately 4 pm until night (for example, a constant temperature of 37.5 o C in the evening hours may be a normal variant).
• In old age, normal body temperature may be lower, and its daily fluctuations are not so pronounced.

Whether an increase in temperature is a pathology depends on many factors. So, long-term fever 37 o C in a child in the evening is a variant of the norm, and the same indicators in an elderly person in the morning most likely indicate pathology.

Where can you measure body temperature:
1. In the armpit. Despite the fact that this is the most popular and simplest measurement method, it is the least informative. The results obtained can be influenced by humidity, room temperature and many other factors. Sometimes there is a reflex increase in temperature during measurement. This may be due to anxiety, for example, from a doctor's visit. During thermometry in oral cavity or the rectum there cannot be such errors.
2. In the mouth (oral temperature): its values ​​are usually 0.5 o C higher than those determined in the armpit.
3. In the rectum (rectal temperature): normally it is 0.5 o C higher than in the mouth and, accordingly, 1 o C higher than in the armpit.

Also quite reliable is the determination of temperature in ear canal. However, an accurate measurement requires a special thermometer, so this method is practically not used at home.

It is not recommended to measure oral or rectal temperature with a mercury thermometer; you should use an electronic device for this. For thermometry in children infancy There are also electronic dummy thermometers.

Do not forget that a body temperature of 37.1-37.5 o C may be associated with an error in measurements, or talk about the presence of pathology, for example, an infectious process in the body. Therefore, consultation with a specialist is still required.

Temperature 37 o C - is this normal?

If the thermometer shows 37-37.5 o C, don’t get upset or panic. Temperatures greater than 37 o C may be associated with measurement errors. To ensure accurate thermometry, the following rules must be observed:
1. The measurement should be carried out in a calm, relaxed state, no earlier than 30 minutes after physical activity(for example, a child’s temperature after active play can be 37-37.5 o C and higher).
2. In children, measurements may be significantly elevated after screaming and crying.
3. It is better to carry out thermometry at approximately the same time, since low readings are more often observed in the morning, and in the evening the temperature usually rises to 37 o C and above.
4. When conducting thermometry in the armpit, it should be completely dry.
5. Where measurements are taken in the mouth (oral temperature), it should not be taken after eating or drinking (especially hot drinks), if the patient is short of breath or breathing through the mouth, or after smoking.
6. Rectal temperature may increase by 1-2 o C or more after physical activity or a hot bath.
7. Temperature 37 o C or slightly higher may be after eating, after physical activity, against a background of stress, anxiety or fatigue, after exposure to the sun, while in a warm, stuffy room with high humidity or, conversely, excessively dry air.

Another common cause of a temperature of 37 o C and above can always be a faulty thermometer. This is especially true for electronic devices, which quite often produce measurement errors. Therefore, when you receive high readings, determine the temperature of another family member - in case it will also be high. And it’s even better to always have a working mercury thermometer in the house for this case. When an electronic thermometer is still indispensable (for example, to determine the temperature of small child), immediately after purchasing the device, take measurements with a mercury thermometer and an electronic one (for any healthy family member). This will make it possible to compare the results and determine the error in thermometry. When conducting such a test, it is better to use thermometers of different designs; you should not take the same mercury or electric thermometers.

There are often situations when after infectious disease the temperature stays at 37 o C and above long time. This feature is often called a "temperature tail". Increased performance thermometers may persist for several weeks or months. Even after taking antibiotics against an infectious agent, a reading of 37 o C can remain for a long time. This condition does not require treatment and goes away on its own without a trace. However, if, along with a low-grade fever, cough, rhinitis or other symptoms of the disease are observed, this may indicate a relapse of the disease, complications, or indicate a new infection. It is important not to miss this condition, as it requires consultation with a doctor.

Other causes of low-grade fever in a child are often:

• overheat;
• reaction to preventive vaccination;
• teething.

One of the common reasons for a child's temperature to rise above 37-37.5 o C is teething. In this case, thermometry data rarely reaches figures above 38.5 o C, so usually just monitoring the baby’s condition and using physical cooling methods is enough. Temperatures above 37 o C can be observed after vaccination. Usually the indicators are kept within the subfebrile range, and if they increase further, you can give the child a one-time antipyretic drug. An increase in temperature as a result of overheating can be observed in those children who are excessively wrapped and dressed. It can be very dangerous and cause heat stroke. Therefore, if the baby overheats, he should first be undressed.

Fever may occur with many non-infectious diseases. inflammatory diseases. As a rule, it is accompanied by other quite characteristic signs of pathology. For example, a temperature of 37 o C and diarrhea streaked with blood may be symptoms of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. In some diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, low-grade fever may appear several months before the first signs of illness.

An increase in body temperature to low levels is often observed against the background of allergic pathology: atopic dermatitis, urticaria and other conditions. For example, shortness of breath with difficulty in exhaling, and a temperature of 37 o C or higher, can be observed during exacerbation of bronchial asthma.

Low-grade fever may occur with pathology the following systems organs:
1. The cardiovascular system:

• VSD (vegetative dystonia syndrome) - a temperature of 37 o C and slightly higher can indicate sympathicotonia, and is often combined with high blood pressure, headaches and other manifestations;
• High blood pressure and temperature 37-37.5 o C can occur with hypertension, especially during crises.

2. Gastrointestinal tract: a temperature of 37 o C or higher, and abdominal pain, may be signs of pathologies such as pancreatitis, non-infectious hepatitis and gastritis, esophagitis and many others.
3. Respiratory system: a temperature of 37-37.5 o C may accompany chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
4. Nervous system:

• thermoneurosis (habitual hyperthermia) – often observed in young women, and is one of the manifestations of vegetative dystonia;
• tumors of the spinal cord and brain, traumatic injuries, hemorrhages and other pathologies.

5. Endocrine system: fever may be the first sign of increased function thyroid gland(hyperthyroidism), Addison's disease (insufficiency of adrenal cortex function).
6. Kidney pathology: a temperature of 37 o C and higher may be a sign of glomerulonephritis, dysmetabolic nephropathies, and urolithiasis.
7. Genital organs: low-grade fever can be observed with ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids and other pathologies.
8. Blood and immune system:

• a temperature of 37 o C accompanies many immunodeficiency conditions, including oncology;
• a slight low-grade fever can occur with blood pathologies, including common iron deficiency anemia.

Another condition in which the body temperature constantly remains at 37-37.5 o C is oncological pathology. In addition to low-grade fever, weight loss, loss of appetite, weakness, pathological symptoms from various organs (their nature depends on the location of the tumor).

Indicators of 37-37.5 o C are a variant of the norm after surgery. Their duration depends on individual characteristics body and volume surgical intervention. A slight fever may also be observed after some diagnostic procedures, such as laparoscopy.

Which doctor should I contact if I have an elevated body temperature?

Since an increase in body temperature can be caused by a wide range of various reasons, then the choice of a specialist to contact at a high temperature is determined by the nature of the person’s other symptoms. Let's consider which doctors should be contacted in various cases of increased body temperature:

• If, in addition to fever, a person has a runny nose, pain, sore or sore throat, cough, headaches, aches in muscles, bones and joints, then it is necessary to contact general practitioner (), since we are most likely talking about ARVI, colds, flu, etc.;
• long-lasting cough, or constant feeling general weakness, or a feeling that it is difficult to breathe, or whistling when breathing, you should consult a general practitioner and phthisiatrician (sign up), since these signs may be symptoms of either chronic bronchitis, either pneumonia or tuberculosis;
• If elevated body temperature is combined with pain in the ear, leakage of pus or fluid from the ear, runny nose, sore throat, sore or sore throat, feeling of mucus flowing through back wall throat, a feeling of pressure, fullness or pain in the upper part of the cheeks (cheekbones under the eyes) or above the eyebrows, then you should contact otolaryngologist (ENT) (make an appointment), since most likely we are talking about otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis or tonsillitis;
• If elevated body temperature is combined with pain, redness of the eyes, photophobia, leakage of pus or non-purulent fluid from the eye, you should contact ophthalmologist (make an appointment);
• If elevated body temperature is combined with pain when urinating, lower back pain, frequent urge to urinate, then you need to consult a urologist/ nephrologist (make an appointment) And venereologist (make an appointment), because a similar combination of symptoms may indicate either kidney disease or a sexually transmitted infection;
• If elevated body temperature is combined with diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and nausea, then you should contact infectious disease doctor (make an appointment), since such a set of symptoms may indicate intestinal infection or hepatitis;
• If elevated body temperature is combined with moderate abdominal pain, as well as various symptoms of dyspepsia (belching, heartburn, feeling of heaviness after eating, bloating, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, etc.), then you should contact Gastroenterologist (make an appointment)(if there is none, then see a therapist), because this indicates organ diseases digestive tract(gastritis, peptic ulcer stomach, pancreatitis, Crohn's disease, etc.);
• If elevated body temperature is combined with severe, unbearable pain in any part of the abdomen, then you should urgently contact surgeon (make an appointment), since this indicates in serious condition(for example, acute appendicitis, peritonitis, pancreatic necrosis, etc.), requiring immediate medical intervention;
• If elevated body temperature in women is combined with moderate or mild pain in the lower abdomen, discomfort in the genital area, unusual vaginal discharge, then you should contact gynecologist (make an appointment);
• If elevated body temperature in women is combined with severe pain lower abdomen, bleeding from the genitals, severe general weakness, then you should urgently contact a gynecologist, since these symptoms indicate a serious condition (for example, ectopic pregnancy, uterine bleeding, sepsis, endometritis after an abortion, etc.), requiring immediate treatment;
• If elevated body temperature in men is combined with pain in the perineum and in the prostate gland, then you should contact a urologist, as this may indicate prostatitis or other diseases of the male genital area;
• If elevated body temperature is combined with shortness of breath, arrhythmia, edema, then you should contact a therapist or cardiologist (make an appointment), since this may indicate inflammatory heart diseases (pericarditis, endocarditis, etc.);
• If elevated body temperature is combined with joint pain, skin rashes, marbling of the skin, impaired blood flow and sensitivity of the extremities (cold hands and feet, blue fingers, feeling of numbness, goosebumps, etc.), red blood cells or blood in urine, pain when urinating or pain in other parts of the body, then you should contact rheumatologist (make an appointment), since this may indicate the presence of autoimmune or other rheumatic diseases;
• Temperature in combination with rashes or inflammations on the skin and symptoms of ARVI may indicate various infectious or skin diseases (for example, erysipelas, scarlet fever, chickenpox, etc.), therefore, if such a combination of symptoms appears, you should contact a therapist, infectious disease specialist and dermatologist (make an appointment);
• If elevated body temperature is combined with headaches, surges in blood pressure, or a feeling of interruptions in heart function, then you should consult a therapist, as this may indicate vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• If elevated body temperature is combined with tachycardia, sweating, or enlarged goiter, then it is necessary to contact endocrinologist (make an appointment), as this may be a sign of hyperthyroidism or Addison's disease;
• If elevated body temperature is combined with neurological symptoms (eg, obsessive movements, coordination disorder, deterioration of sensitivity, etc.) or loss of appetite, causeless weight loss, then you should contact oncologist (make an appointment), since this may indicate the presence of tumors or metastases in various organs;
• An elevated temperature, combined with very poor health, which worsens over time, is a reason to immediately call an ambulance, regardless of what other symptoms the person has.

What studies and diagnostic procedures can doctors prescribe when body temperature rises to 37-37.5 o C?

Since body temperature may rise against the background wide range various diseases, then the list of studies that the doctor prescribes to identify the causes of this symptom is also very wide and variable. However, in practice, doctors do not prescribe the entire possible list of examinations and tests that could theoretically help identify the cause of elevated body temperature, but use only a limited set of certain diagnostic tests, which with maximum probability allow us to identify the source of the temperature. Accordingly, for each specific case, doctors prescribe a different list of tests, which are selected in accordance with the accompanying symptoms that a person has in addition to elevated body temperature, and indicating the affected organ or system.

Since most often elevated body temperature is caused by inflammatory processes in various organs, which can be of either infectious origin (for example, sore throat, rotavirus infection, etc.) or non-infectious (for example, gastritis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, etc.), then always if it is present, regardless of accompanying symptoms, is appointed general analysis blood and a general urine test, allowing you to navigate in which direction you should go further diagnostic search and what other tests and examinations are necessary in each specific case. That is, in order not to prescribe a large number of studies of different organs, they first do a general blood and urine test, which allows the doctor to understand in which direction to “look” for the cause of the elevated body temperature. And only after identifying the approximate spectrum possible reasons temperature, other studies are prescribed to clarify the pathology that caused hyperthermia.

Indicators of a general blood test allow us to understand whether the temperature is caused inflammatory process infectious or non-infectious origin, or is not associated with inflammation at all.

So, if ESR is increased, then the temperature is caused by an inflammatory process of infectious or non-infectious origin. If the ESR is within normal limits, then the increased body temperature is not associated with the inflammatory process, but is caused by tumors, vegetative-vascular dystonia, endocrine diseases etc.

If, in addition to the accelerated ESR, all other indicators of a general blood test are within normal limits, then the temperature is due to a non-infectious inflammatory process, for example, gastritis, duodenitis, colitis, etc.

If a general blood test reveals anemia, and other indicators, except hemoglobin, are normal, then the diagnostic search ends here, since the elevated temperature is caused precisely by the anemic syndrome. In such a situation, anemia is treated.

A general urine test allows you to understand whether there is pathology of the urinary system. If there is one according to the analysis, then other studies are carried out in the future to clarify the nature of the pathology and begin treatment. If urine tests are normal, then to find out the cause of the elevated body temperature, the urinary system organs are not examined. That is, a general urine test will allow you to immediately identify the system in which the pathology caused an increase in body temperature, or, on the contrary, dismiss suspicions of diseases of the urinary tract.

Having determined from a general analysis of blood and urine the fundamental points, such as infectious or non-infectious inflammation in a person, or a non-inflammatory process at all, and whether there is pathology of the urinary organs, the doctor prescribes a number of other studies to understand which organ is affected. Moreover, this list of examinations is already determined by the accompanying symptoms.

Below we present options for lists of tests that a doctor may prescribe for elevated body temperature, depending on other accompanying symptoms a person has:

• For a runny nose, sore throat, sore or raw throat, cough, headache, aching muscles and joints, usually only a general blood and urine test is prescribed, since such symptoms are caused by ARVI, flu, colds, etc. However, during an influenza epidemic, a blood test may be prescribed to detect the influenza virus to determine whether a person is dangerous to others as a source of influenza. If a person often suffers from colds, then he is prescribed immunogram (sign up) (total lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, T-helpers, T-cytotoxic lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, NK cells, T-NK cells, NCT test, assessment of phagocytosis, CEC, immunoglobulins of classes IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA), to determine which parts of the immune system are not working correctly and, accordingly, which immunostimulants need to be taken for normalization immune status and stopping frequent episodes of colds.
• At a temperature combined with a cough or a constant feeling of general weakness, or a feeling that it is difficult to breathe, or whistling when breathing, it is necessary to mandatory do x-ray chest(sign up) and auscultation (listen with a stethoscope) of the lungs and bronchi to determine whether a person has bronchitis, tracheitis, pneumonia or tuberculosis. In addition to x-rays and auscultation, if they do not give an accurate answer or their result is questionable, the doctor may prescribe sputum microscopy, determination of antibodies to Chlamydophila pneumoniae and respiratory syncytial virus in the blood (IgA, IgG), determination of the presence of mycobacterial DNA to distinguish between bronchitis, pneumonia and tuberculosis and Chlamydophila pneumoniae in sputum, bronchial washings or blood. Tests for the presence of mycobacteria in sputum, blood and bronchial washings, as well as sputum microscopy, are usually prescribed when tuberculosis is suspected (either asymptomatic persistent prolonged fever or fever with cough). But tests for determining antibodies to Chlamydophila pneumoniae and respiratory syncytial virus in the blood (IgA, IgG), as well as determining the presence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae DNA in sputum, are carried out to diagnose bronchitis, tracheitis and pneumonia, especially if they are frequent, long-lasting or untreatable antibiotics.
• Temperature combined with a runny nose, a feeling of mucus running down the back of the throat, a feeling of pressure, bloating or pain in the upper part of the cheeks (cheekbones under the eyes) or above the eyebrows requires a mandatory x-ray of the sinuses (maxillary sinuses, etc.) (sign up) to confirm sinusitis, sinusitis or other type of sinusitis. In case of frequent, long-term sinusitis or those that cannot be treated with antibiotics, the doctor may additionally prescribe the determination of antibodies to Chlamydophila pneumoniae in the blood (IgG, IgA, IgM). If the symptoms of sinusitis and elevated body temperature are combined with blood in the urine and frequent pneumonia, then the doctor may prescribe a test for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA, pANCA and cANCA, IgG) in the blood, since in such a situation systemic vasculitis is suspected.
• If the elevated temperature is combined with a feeling of mucus running down the back wall of the throat, a feeling that cats are scratching in the throat, soreness and soreness, then the doctor prescribes an ENT examination, takes a smear from the mucous membrane of the oropharynx for bacteriological culture in order to determine the pathogenic microbes that caused inflammatory process. The examination is usually carried out without fail, but a swab from the oropharynx is not always taken, but only if a person complains of the frequent occurrence of such symptoms. In addition, when frequent appearance such symptoms, their persistent non-existence even with antibiotic treatment, the doctor may prescribe the determination of antibodies to Chlamydophila pneumonia and to Chlamydia trachomatis(IgG, IgM, IgA) in the blood, because these microorganisms can provoke chronic, often recurrent infectious and inflammatory diseases of organs respiratory system(pharyngitis, otitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, tracheitis, pneumonia, bronchiolitis).
• If an elevated temperature is combined with pain, a sore throat, enlarged tonsils, the presence of plaque or white plugs in the tonsils, or a constantly red throat, then an ENT examination is required. If such symptoms persist for a long time or appear frequently, the doctor will prescribe a smear from the oropharyngeal mucosa for bacteriological culture, as a result of which it will become known which microorganism provokes the inflammatory process in the ENT organs. If the sore throat is purulent, then the doctor will definitely prescribe blood tests for the ASL-O titer in order to identify the risk of developing complications of this infection such as rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, myocarditis.
• If the temperature is combined with pain in the ear, the discharge of pus or any other fluid from the ear, then the doctor must conduct an ENT examination. In addition to the examination, the doctor most often prescribes bacteriological culture of ear discharge to determine which pathogen caused the inflammatory process. In addition, tests may be prescribed to determine antibodies to Chlamydophila pneumonia in the blood (IgG, IgM, IgA), to determine the titer of ASL-O in the blood, and to detect herpes virus type 6 in saliva, oropharyngeal scrapings, and blood. Tests for antibodies to Chlamydophila pneumonia and for the presence of herpes virus type 6 are performed to identify the microbe that causes otitis. However, these tests are usually prescribed only for frequent or long-term otitis media. A blood test for ASL-O titer is prescribed only when purulent otitis to identify the risk of developing complications of streptococcal infection, such as myocarditis, glomerulonephritis and rheumatism.
• If elevated body temperature is combined with pain, redness in the eye, as well as discharge of pus or other fluid from the eye, then the doctor must perform an examination. Next, the doctor may prescribe a culture of the eye discharge for bacteria, as well as a blood test for antibodies to adenovirus and IgE content (with particles of dog epithelium) in order to determine the presence of an adenovirus infection or allergy.
• When elevated body temperature is combined with pain during urination, lower back pain or frequent trips to the toilet, the doctor will first and without fail prescribe a general urinalysis, determination of the total concentration of protein and albumin in daily urine, urine test according to Nechiporenko (sign up), Zimnitsky test (sign up), and biochemical analysis blood (urea, creatinine). In most cases, these tests can determine whether you have kidney or urinary tract disease. However, if the above tests do not provide clarity, the doctor may prescribe cystoscopy Bladder(sign up), bacteriological culture of urine or scraping from the urethra to identify a pathogenic pathogen, as well as determination by PCR or ELISA of microbes in scraping from the urethra.
• If you have an elevated temperature, combined with pain when urinating or frequent trips to the toilet, your doctor may order tests for various infections sexually transmitted diseases (for example, gonorrhea (sign up), syphilis (sign up), ureaplasmosis (sign up), mycoplasmosis (sign up), candidiasis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia (sign up), gardnerellosis, etc.), since such symptoms may also indicate inflammatory diseases of the genital tract. To test for sexually transmitted infections, your doctor may prescribe vaginal discharge, semen, prostate secretions, a urethral smear, and blood. In addition to tests, it is often prescribed Ultrasound of the pelvic organs (sign up), which allows us to identify the nature of changes occurring under the influence of inflammation in the genital organs.
• With elevated body temperature, which is combined with diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and nausea, the doctor first prescribes a stool test for scatology, a stool test for helminths, a stool test for rotavirus, a stool test for infections (dysentery, cholera, pathogenic strains of intestinal sticks, salmonellosis, etc.), stool analysis for dysbacteriosis, as well as scraping from the anal area for culture in order to identify the pathogenic pathogen that provoked the symptoms of intestinal infection. In addition to these tests, the infectious disease doctor prescribes blood test for antibodies to hepatitis A, B, C and D viruses (sign up), since such symptoms may indicate acute hepatitis. If a person, in addition to fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting and nausea, also has yellowness of the skin and sclera of the eyes, then only blood tests for hepatitis (antibodies to hepatitis A, B, C and D viruses) are prescribed, since this indicates specifically about hepatitis.
• If there is an elevated body temperature, combined with abdominal pain, symptoms of dyspepsia (belching, heartburn, flatulence, bloating, diarrhea or constipation, blood in the stool, etc.), the doctor usually prescribes instrumental studies and biochemical blood test. For belching and heartburn, a blood test for Helicobacter pylori and fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FGDS) (), which allows you to diagnose gastritis, duodenitis, stomach ulcers or duodenum, GERD, etc. For flatulence, bloating, periodic diarrhea and constipation, the doctor usually prescribes a biochemical blood test (activity of amylase, lipase, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, protein concentration, albumin, bilirubin), a urine test for amylase activity, a stool test for dysbacteriosis and scatology and Ultrasound of the abdominal organs (make an appointment), which allow you to diagnose pancreatitis, hepatitis, irritable bowel syndrome, biliary dyskinesia, etc. In complex and unclear cases or suspected tumor formations, the doctor may prescribe MRI (sign up) or x-ray of the digestive tract. If there are frequent bowel movements (3-12 times a day) with unformed feces, banded stools (feces in the form of thin ribbons) or pain in the rectum, then the doctor prescribes colonoscopy (make an appointment) or sigmoidoscopy (sign up) and stool analysis for calprotectin, which allows identifying Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, intestinal polyps, etc.
• At elevated temperature in combination with moderate or mild pain in the lower abdomen, unpleasant sensations in the genital area, abnormal vaginal discharge, the doctor will definitely prescribe, first of all, a genital smear and an ultrasound of the pelvic organs. These simple studies will allow the doctor to determine what other tests are needed to clarify the existing pathology. In addition to ultrasound and smear on flora (), the doctor may prescribe tests for sexually transmitted infections ()(gonorrhea, syphilis, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, candidiasis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gardnerellosis, fecal bacteroids, etc.), to identify which vaginal discharge, urethral scraping or blood are donated.
• At elevated temperatures, combined with pain in the perineum and prostate in men, the doctor will prescribe a general urine test, prostate secretion for microscopy (), spermogram (), as well as a smear from the urethra for various infections (chlamydia, trichomoniasis, mycoplasmosis, candidiasis, gonorrhea, ureaplasmosis, fecal bacteroides). In addition, the doctor may prescribe an ultrasound of the pelvic organs.
• At a temperature combined with shortness of breath, arrhythmia and edema, it is imperative to do ECG(), chest x-ray, Ultrasound of the heart (sign up), as well as take a general blood test, a blood test for C-reactive protein, rheumatic factor and titer ASL-O (sign up). These studies allow us to identify the existing pathological process in the heart. If the studies do not clarify the diagnosis, the doctor may additionally prescribe a blood test for antibodies to the heart muscle and for antibodies to Borrelia.
• If an elevated temperature is combined with skin rashes and symptoms of ARVI or influenza, the doctor usually prescribes only a general blood test and examines the rashes or redness on the skin different ways(under a magnifying glass, under a special lamp, etc.). If there is a red spot on the skin that grows over time and is painful, your doctor will order an ASL-O titer test to confirm or deny erysipelas. If the skin rash cannot be identified during examination, the doctor may take a scraping and order a microscopy to determine the type. pathological changes and the causative agent of the inflammatory process.
• If the temperature is combined with tachycardia, sweating and enlarged goiter, you should do Ultrasound of the thyroid gland (), and also take a blood test for the concentration of thyroid hormones (T3, T4), antibodies to steroid-producing cells of the reproductive organs and cortisol.
• When the temperature is combined with headaches, jumps blood pressure, a feeling of interruptions in the work of the heart, the doctor prescribes blood pressure monitoring, ECG, ultrasound of the heart, ultrasound of the abdominal organs, REG, as well as a general blood test, urine and biochemical blood test (protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, urea, creatinine , C-reactive protein, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, lipase, etc.).
• When the temperature is combined with neurological symptoms (for example, loss of coordination, deterioration of sensitivity, etc.), loss of appetite, causeless weight loss, the doctor will prescribe a general and biochemical blood test, a coagulogram, as well as an x-ray, Ultrasound of various organs (sign up) and, possibly, tomography, since such symptoms may be a sign of cancer.
• If the temperature is combined with pain in the joints, rashes on the skin, marbling of the skin, impaired blood flow in the legs and arms (cold hands and feet, numbness and a crawling sensation, etc.), red blood cells or blood in the urine and pain in other parts of the body, this is a sign of rheumatic and autoimmune diseases. In such cases, the doctor prescribes tests to determine whether a person has joint disease or autoimmune pathology. Since the spectrum of autoimmune and rheumatic diseases is very wide, the doctor first prescribes X-ray of joints (sign up) and the following nonspecific tests: complete blood count, concentration of C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, lupus anticoagulant, antibodies to cardiolipin, antinuclear factor, IgG antibodies to double-stranded (native) DNA, ASL-O titer, antibodies to nuclear antigen, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), antibodies to thyroid peroxidase, the presence of cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and herpes viruses in the blood. Then, if the results of the listed tests are positive (that is, markers of autoimmune diseases are found in the blood), the doctor, depending on which organs or systems have clinical symptoms, prescribes additional tests, as well as X-rays, ultrasound, ECG, MRI, to assess the degree of activity of the pathological process. Since there are many tests to identify and assess the activity of autoimmune processes in various organs, we present them in a separate table below.

Organ system	Tests to determine the autoimmune process in the organ system
Connective tissue diseases	Antinuclear antibodies, IgG (antinuclear antibodies, ANAs, EIA); IgG antibodies to double-stranded (native) DNA (anti-ds-DNA); Antinuclear factor (ANF); Antibodies to nucleosomes; Antibodies to cardiolipin (IgG, IgM) (sign up); Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen (ENA); Complement components (C3, C4); Rheumatoid factor; C-reactive protein; ASL-O titer.
Joint diseases	Antibodies to keratin Ig G (AKA); Antifilaggrin antibodies (AFA); Antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP); Crystals in a smear of synovial fluid; Rheumatoid factor; Antibodies to modified citrullinated vimentin.
Antiphospholipid syndrome	Antibodies to phospholipids IgM/IgG; Antibodies to phosphatidylserine IgG+IgM; Antibodies to cardiolipin, screening - IgG, IgA, IgM; Antibodies to annexin V, IgM and IgG; Antibodies to phosphatidylserine-prothrombin complex, total IgG, IgM; Antibodies to beta-2-glycoprotein 1, total IgG, IgA, IgM.
Vasculitis and kidney damage (glomerulonephritis, etc.)	Antibodies to the basement membrane of the glomeruli of the kidneys IgA, IgM, IgG (anti-BMK); Antinuclear factor (ANF); Antibodies to phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), total IgG, IgA, IgM; Antibodies to complement factor C1q; Antibodies to endothelium on HUVEC cells, total IgG, IgA, IgM; Antibodies to proteinase 3 (PR3); Antibodies to myeloperoxidase (MPO).
Autoimmune diseases of the digestive tract	Antibodies to deamidated gliadin peptides (IgA, IgG); Antibodies to gastric parietal cells, total IgG, IgA, IgM (PCA); Antibodies to reticulin IgA and IgG; Antibodies to endomysium total IgA + IgG; Antibodies to pancreatic acinar cells; Antibodies of the IgG and IgA classes to the GP2 antigen of pancreatic centroacinar cells (Anti-GP2); Antibodies of the IgA and IgG classes to intestinal goblet cells, total; Immunoglobulin subclass IgG4; Calprotectin fecal; Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, ANCA Ig G (pANCA and cANCA); Anti-Saccharomyces antibodies (ASCA) IgA and IgG; Antibodies to intrinsic factor; Antibodies of the IgG and IgA classes to tissue transglutaminase.
Autoimmune liver diseases	Antibodies to mitochondria; Antibodies to smooth muscles; Antibodies to liver and kidney microsomes type 1, total IgA+IgG+IgM; Antibodies to asialoglycoprotein receptor; Autoantibodies with autoimmune diseases liver - AMA-M2, M2-3E, SP100, PML, GP210, LKM-1, LC-1, SLA/LP, SSA/RO-52.
Nervous system	Antibodies to the NMDA receptor; Antineuronal antibodies; Antibodies to skeletal muscles; Antibodies to gangliosides; Antibodies to aquaporin 4; Oligoclonal IgG in cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum; Myositis-specific antibodies; Antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor.
Endocrine system	Antibodies to insulin; Antibodies to pancreatic beta cells; Antibodies to glutamate decarboxylase (AT-GAD); Antibodies to thyroglobulin (AT-TG); Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (AT-TPO, microsomal antibodies); Antibodies to the microsomal fraction of thyrocytes (AT-MAG); Antibodies to TSH receptors; Antibodies to steroid-producing cells of reproductive tissues; Antibodies to steroid-producing cells of the adrenal gland; Antibodies to steroid-producing testicular cells; Antibodies to tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2); Antibodies to ovarian tissue.
Autoimmune skin diseases	Antibodies to intercellular substance and the basement membrane of the skin; Antibodies to protein BP230; Antibodies to protein BP180; Antibodies to desmoglein 3; Antibodies to desmoglein 1; Antibodies to desmosomes.
Autoimmune diseases of the heart and lungs	Antibodies to cardiac muscles (myocardium); Antibodies to mitochondria; Neopterin; Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity (diagnosis of sarcoidosis).

Temperature 37-37.5 o C: what to do?

How to reduce the temperature to 37-37.5 o C? Reducing this temperature with medications is not required. They are used only in cases of fever above 38.5 o C. An exception is an increase in temperature by later pregnancy, in young children who have previously had febrile convulsions, as well as in the presence of severe diseases of the heart, lungs, nervous system, the course of which may worsen against the background of high fever. But even in these cases, reduce the temperature medications it is recommended only when it reaches 37.5 o C and above.

The use of antipyretic drugs and other methods of self-medication can complicate the diagnosis of the disease and also lead to unwanted side effects.

In all cases, the following recommendations must be followed:
1. Think: are you doing thermometry correctly? The rules for taking measurements have already been discussed above.
2. Try changing the thermometer to eliminate possible errors in measurements.
3. Make sure that this temperature is not normal. This is especially true for those who have not previously regularly measured their temperature, but have detected elevated data for the first time. To do this, you need to consult a specialist to eliminate symptoms. various pathologies and examination appointments. For example, if a temperature of 37 o C or slightly higher is constantly detected during pregnancy, and there are no symptoms of any diseases, this is most likely the norm.

If the doctor has identified any pathology leading to an increase in temperature to subfebrile levels, then the goal of therapy will be to treat the underlying disease. It is likely that after healing the temperature will return to normal.

In what cases should you contact a specialist immediately:
1. Low-grade body temperature began to rise to febrile levels.
2. Although the fever is mild, it is accompanied by other severe symptoms (severe cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, difficulty urinating, vomiting or diarrhea, signs of exacerbation chronic diseases).

Thus, even a seemingly low temperature can be a sign serious illnesses. Therefore, if you have any doubts about your condition, you should inform your doctor about them.

Prevention measures

Even if the doctor has not identified any pathology in the body, and a constant temperature of 37-37.5 o C is normal, this does not mean that nothing can be done at all. Long-term low-grade fevers are chronic stress for the body.

To gradually bring your body back to normal, you should:

• promptly identify and treat foci of infection and various diseases;
• avoid stress;
• to refuse from bad habits;
• follow a daily routine and get enough sleep;

Body temperature 37 - 37.5 - reasons and what to do about it?

Before use, you should consult a specialist.

Heat, everyone knows what it is. How does it affect the human body? Why is it rising? All these questions interest each of us, especially when we are faced with an illness that causes fever.

We always try to lower the temperature on our own, but we do not always cope with such a difficult task.

In order not to harm yourself and your loved ones, it is very important to know what to do at a high temperature and how you can help alleviate the condition in this situation.

Fever, what to do?

What to do if the temperature rises? What to do and when should you call a doctor? In general, the temperature rises unexpectedly. Anything can happen to a person, because we don’t know what causes this reaction in the body, so we should prepare for a variety of consequences. Are you wondering where the thermostat is located in our body?

Yes, everything is very simple, in the brain. Normal body temperature, as everyone knows, is 36.6 degrees. Throughout the day they can change, fall and rise by two degrees. Mainly in evening time Temperature indicators become higher, and in the early morning, on the contrary, lower.

If you feel really bad and have a very high temperature, then you should know that this is the first symptom that may indicate a serious illness. It could be colds, viruses, infectious bacilli, flu, rheumatism, inflammatory process of the abdominal cavity.

Doctors say that when the body temperature increases, it means that the body is responding to the fact that it has an infection, a virus that can at any time cause illness or reduce the immune system. If you have a fever, this does not mean that you are seriously ill, but it is a sign or painful symptom.

The immune system is designed in such a way that when pathogens into the blood, protective cells and leukocytes begin to be released, eliminating infectious foci, so the body temperature begins to change.

Fever should always be a concern, because this symptom is serious. Therefore, you should consult a doctor in a timely manner to diagnose the disease and begin a course of treatment. There are several cases when it is imperative to go to the hospital for consultation:

• If, at elevated temperatures, convulsive contractions of the body, severe headaches, disturbances of consciousness and difficulty breathing begin;
• If the temperature exceeds more than 39 degrees;
• When a large amount of sputum is released that has a green tint;
• With difficulty swallowing;
• With loss of appetite and hoarse cough.

How is temperature measured correctly?

The simplest and most proven way to help determine whether the body is normal or not is to measure the temperature in the armpit area. In order for conclusions to be drawn correctly, you should know the characteristics of the body:

• Normal body temperature is between 36.4 and 36.9 degrees. Therefore, if the thermometer shows 36.6, do not rush to the doctor.
• Body temperature may fluctuate throughout the day.
• Different parts of the body have different normal temperatures. For example, for feet the usual values ​​are 20-24 degrees.
• To measure temperature correctly, you should knock down the thermometer, lie down in a comfortable position, place it in the armpit area and gently press it with your hand. The measurement time lasts 10 minutes, after this time you will be able to find out the correct indicators.

If the high temperature does not decrease within seven days, then it is time to go to the hospital to identify the cause of the current situation. You should not fight the disease yourself, since the temperature is caused by an inflammatory process and it can be not only a regular cough, but also blood poisoning.

High temperature: reasons

The main cause of elevated body temperatures is viral and bacterial diseases that penetrate the body, and after a little time begin their vital functions. When bacteria and viruses are detected in the human body, large organs produce a special type of proteins called pyrogens.

These proteins are the trigger mechanism that causes the process to start and the temperature to rise. Thanks to which the body naturally protects itself, or more precisely, produces the protein interferon and antibodies.

Interferon is a special type of protein that is designed to fight bad microorganisms. The more the temperature rises, the more it is produced. If you artificially lower your fever, then there is a reduction in interferon production and activity.

In this case, antibodies begin to fight bad microorganisms, so slowly but surely things are moving towards recovery. The most effective body temperature, which quickly defeats the disease, is 39 degrees.

Dehydration can also cause the temperature to rise; in this case, the patient should drink plenty of fluids. You can use infusions of herbs that have an anti-inflammatory effect; lemon tea with raspberry leaves and fresh juices squeezed from fruits also help.

As for an allergic reaction, this is not the last reason that causes an elevated temperature, but in this case the indicators are not high, ranging from 37 to 37.5 degrees.

What not to do if the temperature is too high

• If an adult detects an elevated temperature, but there are no pathological or chronic diseases, then there is no need to use antipyretic drugs or other drugs, especially if the readings are not higher than 38 degrees. Allow your body to overcome the fever on its own. If these rules are not followed, complications may arise that will lead to the need to take antibacterial agents.
• Never use medications that increase your temperature when you are hot. Do not put mustard plasters on, do not go to the bathhouse, do not drink hot drinks and under no circumstances drink alcoholic beverages.
• When it's hot, the body tends to cool itself by sweating. But you don’t need to cover yourself with a blanket; you prevent the body from cooling itself.
• There is no need to try to create too warm an atmosphere in the room where the patient is located and do not humidify the air. Excessive moisture may, together with infectious virus penetrate into the lungs, which causes nasal congestion, and subsequently pneumonia and bronchitis. Favorable air temperature should be 22-24 degrees.
• Never drink sugary drinks, otherwise a harmful type of bacteria will settle in the body, reinforced by glucose, which will lead to diseases such as pyelonyphritis or cystitis.
• Do not wipe yourself using pure alcohol and vinegar. Believe me, this is very harmful. The point is that through skin covering alcohol tends to enter the bloodstream, and alcohol vapors cause dizziness and fainting states. You should know that alcohol tends to quickly evaporate from the body, causing sudden cooling, which causes severe harm. The body begins to warm up even more, trembling appears, strength and energy are lost.

How to lower the temperature at home?

Heat. What to do? How to help? A lot of people are concerned about these questions. Today you will learn the answers to them, and will be able to provide your loved ones with timely help if they have a high fever.

If the temperature exceeds normal values, then you need to know how to act correctly in this situation so as not to harm the patient. The fever should be lowered if the readings reach 40 degrees, as well as at a temperature of 38, but only if it does not go astray for three days. You can lower the temperature like this:

• You need to drink as much as possible, but not hot liquid.
• Take foot baths, the water should be cool.
• Apply cool compresses. A cold towel can be applied to the forehead, neck, wrist, armpits or groin.
• Wipe your body using warm water. Start with your face, move smoothly to your hands, and then wipe your feet.
• An effective method is taking a bath. If you immerse yourself waist-deep in a bath, and top part Wipe the body with water, not only will the temperature drop, but also toxins will be removed.
• Maintain bed rest. Do not wear synthetic clothing; cotton underwear is fine.
• Most effective way consists of thermoregulation, or more precisely, sweating. With its help the chills will go away and painful sensations in the muscles.
• Eliminate fatty, fried, spicy foods, eat fruits and vegetables.
• If the temperature is too high, then while the doctor arrives, drink antipyretics and apply a compress; prepare a solution of water and vinegar 1:1.
• If the situation is not critical, wrap yourself in a wet sheet.
• You can use a hypertonic solution, but not for children. Take warm boiled water, pour it into a glass, add two teaspoons of salt and mix thoroughly. Everything should be drunk. Thanks to this solution, water is absorbed and then leaves the body with feces.
• An enema with chamomile infusion also helps no less effectively. Take one glass of warm boiled water, add four tablespoons of dried chamomile flowers, cover the container and let it sit in a water bath for 15 minutes. After cooling the broth, strain, dilute in 200 milliliters of water, add two tablespoons vegetable oil and give an enema. In this way, you can not only bring down the temperature, but also cleanse the intestines.

How to urgently reduce the temperature of an adult?

If there is an urgent need to reduce body temperature, then it is necessary to administer a lytic mixture intramuscularly. To prepare it you will need analgin 2 ml and diphenhydramine 2 ml. If there are no these drugs in the house, then call ambulance. In an emergency, you can take a tablet of analgin, aspirin and paracetamol. All together at once, but most importantly remember that this method is very harmful.

How to lower a pregnant woman's temperature?

If you are in a position and happen to get sick, then in your case the most safe means is paracetamol. This drug It will not only relieve fever, but also pain, and also improve your overall well-being. It is allowed to take the drug every 6 hours, one tablet.

How to relieve a child's fever at home?

How to help a baby if he is on fire? Parents are always at a loss in this case, but they need to pull themselves together and do the following:

• You can use grapefruit. Let your child eat it; if there is no such fruit, then replace it with two oranges or half a lemon.
• If the child is very ill from a high fever, then urgently mix fresh Apple juice(from 1 fruit), lemon (from 1 citrus) with honey - 1 tablespoon. The entire mixture will be eaten three times throughout the day.
• You can wipe your baby with the solution; to prepare it, you need to dilute vodka in cool water 1:1.

Folk remedies at high temperatures, as you already understood, play an important role, since they do not harm the body, are often very tasty, but most importantly harmless!

Antipyretic herbs - recipes

Herbs are an excellent antipyretic. They often lower even critical temperatures and are more effective than medications:

• Black elderberry (flowers) 1 tablespoon, pour 200 milliliters of boiling water, leave. Drink this decoction 0.5 cups three times a day.
• Small cornflower, 1 teaspoon, pour 200 milliliters of boiling water and leave. Drink 0.5 cups 4 times a day.
• Blueberries, whether fresh or processed, should be eaten. These berries quickly and easily relieve fever and chills.
• Willow (bark) 15 grams, pour 200 milliliters of boiling water, cook for 5 minutes, and then leave for 2 hours. Take 1 tablespoon of the decoction no more than three times a day.
• Swamp cranberry. These berries are not just an antipyretic, but also refreshing, tonic, and improve physical and mental performance.
• Cordifolia linden (flowers) 2 tablespoons, pour 200 milliliters of boiling water, let it boil for 5 minutes. Drink the infusion hot several times a day after meals, a glass.
• Ordinary raspberries are brewed as a tea drink and drunk.
• Pour 3 teaspoons of ordinary coltsfoot (leaves) hot water glass and leave for 3 hours. Then strain the broth and drink 0.5 cups warm before meals. No more than three times.
• Seed parsnips (dried grass) 1 tablespoon, pour 200 milliliters of boiling water, leave for three hours. Drink 0.5 glasses 30 minutes before meals.
• Large plantain, 2 tablespoons, pour 200 milliliters of hot water, cook for five minutes. Drink a decoction of 0.5 cups 4 times a day before meals.

Traditional methods at high temperatures

Compresses and wraps

Prepare a decoction from yarrow or mint herb and wet a towel or cotton cloth with it, squeeze lightly and apply a compress to the temples, forehead, wrists, and groin folds. Compresses need to be changed every 10 minutes until the body temperature returns to normal. Instead of compresses, you can do wraps.

How to prepare a decoction

1. Take two tablespoons of chopped herbs and fill it with 0.5 liters of water at room temperature. It is best to do this in enamel or porcelain dishes.
2. Place the dishes on water bath and heat the mixture for 15 minutes, stirring it occasionally.
3. Then remove from the water bath and leave to cool, after which the resulting broth must be filtered through cheesecloth.

Herbal decoction of mint or yarrow is simple and very effective remedy which will help bring down the temperature.

Hypertonic solution

This folk remedy is very effective and gives a good effect when it is necessary to reduce a high temperature. Equally suitable for adults and children.

Preparation:

1. Take boiled water - 1 glass and add salt to it - 2 teaspoons.
2. Mix everything well until completely dissolved. Then you need to drink this solution.

Solution dosage

• children from six months to one and a half years - 70 milliliters;
• children from two to three years old - 200 milliliters;
• preschoolers and junior schoolchildren- 300 milliliters;
• teenagers and adults - 700 milliliters.

This solution will remove everything harmful and toxic from the body, and this will help reduce fever and recovery.

Enema with chamomile infusion

Preparation of chamomile infusion:

1. Pour a glass of hot boiled water over dried chamomile flowers - 4 tablespoons.
2. Place in a water bath, cover with a lid, and heat for 15 minutes.
3. When the infusion has cooled, strain it through cheesecloth and add water to bring the volume to 200 milliliters.

If the therapeutic enema is for a child, then you need to add 200 milliliters of vegetable oil to it, if the enema is intended for an adult, then in this case you need to add two tablespoons of oil.

Live medicine

We all know that when it's hot, you need to sweat. Time-tested folk remedies at high temperatures will help get rid of this unpleasant condition.

1. Cranberry juice is an excellent diaphoretic.
2. Linden and raspberry tea are not only delicious, but also cause sweating.
3. Red currants, or rather the juice from the berries, are no less effective.
4. Lingonberry juice reduces fever and has an antimicrobial agent.
5. At night you need to drink an infusion of rose hips.
Petrozavodsk State University Faculty of Medicine

Specialty: general practitioner

Body temperature is important indicator functioning of the body. If its value changes, this may be due to either natural or pathological processes occurring in the body.

Moreover, its minimum value occurs in the morning (4-5 hours), and the maximum value is reached at approximately 17 hours.

If the temperature jumps during the day (36 - 37 degrees) this is explained by the physiological state of systems and organs, when an increase in temperature values ​​is necessary to activate their work.

When the body is at rest, a decrease in body temperature occurs, so jumps from 36 to 37 degrees during the day are regarded as normal.

The human body is a heterogeneous physical environment where areas are heated and cooled differently.

Contrary to popular belief, measuring temperature in the armpit may be the least informative, and this often causes unreliable results.

In addition to the armpit, body temperature can be measured:

• in the ear canal
• in the oral cavity,
• rectum.

Medicine distinguishes several types of temperature. An elevated temperature is considered to be 37.5 degrees, at which there are other uncomfortable manifestations.

Fever is a temperature of unknown origin at which the only symptom is a prolonged rise in temperature from 38 degrees. The condition lasts for 14 days or more.

A temperature of up to 38.3 degrees is considered subfebrile. This is a condition of unknown origin in which a person periodically has a fever without additional symptoms.

Specifics of physiological states

In addition to wakefulness and sleep, temperature fluctuations during the day are caused by the following processes:

• overheating,
• active physical activity,
• digestive processes,
• psycho-emotional arousal.

In all of these cases, temperature jumps from 36 to 37.38 degrees can be observed. The condition does not require correction, since the increase in temperature occurs against the background of natural physiological conditions body.

The exception is cases when temperature jumps from 36 to 37 degrees are accompanied by additional symptoms, namely:

1. headache,
2. discomfort in the heart area,
3. the appearance of a rash,
4. shortness of breath,
5. dyspeptic complaints.

If you have these symptoms, you should consult your doctor to rule out the development of allergic reactions, vegetative-vascular dystonia and endocrine disorders.

Among other things, physiological specifics also determine jumps in overall body temperature during pregnancy. Significant changes occur at this time hormonal levels, since progesterone is produced in large quantities, which leads to jumps in body temperature from 36 to 37 degrees.

As a rule, changes in temperature indicators are observed in the first trimester, but there are cases when the condition continues throughout pregnancy, and the reasons should be determined.

Changes in body temperature pose an additional danger if you have:

• catarrhal phenomena,
• dysuric signs,
• stomach ache,
• rashes on the body.

Consultation with doctors is indicated to exclude diseases caused by pathogenic pathogens.

Ovulation can also change a woman's body temperature from 36 to 37 degrees. Typically, the following symptoms are present:

1. irritability,
2. weakness,
3. headache,
4. increased appetite,
5. swelling.

If in the first days of menstruation these unpleasant symptoms disappear and the temperature drops to 36 degrees, then there is no need for medical examinations.

Also, the indicator may change with climacteric syndrome, which is also caused by changes in the amount of hormones. The woman does not understand why her condition has changed. There are additional complaints:

• hot flashes,
• increased sweating,
• increased blood pressure,
• disruptions in the functioning of the heart.

Such temperature changes are not dangerous, but if there are other complaints and the cause is determined, in some cases hormone replacement therapy is indicated.

Temperature jumps can occur with thermoneurosis, that is, a rise in temperature to 38 degrees after stress. It is possible to draw a conclusion about the presence of this pathology by excluding more significant causes for the appearance of hyperthermia.

Sometimes it may be indicated to perform an aspirin test, which involves taking an antipyretic drug at a high temperature, and then monitoring the dynamics.

If the indicators are stable, then 40 minutes after taking the drug, one can more confidently assert the presence of thermoponeurosis. In this case, treatment will consist of prescribing restorative procedures and sedatives.

The most common reasons temperature jumps from 36 to 37 degrees in adults are:

1. heart attacks,
2. purulent and infectious processes,
3. tumors
4. inflammatory diseases,
5. autoimmune conditions,
6. injuries,
7. allergies,
8. endocrine pathologies,
9. hypothalamic syndrome.

Abscess, tuberculosis and other infectious processes are most often the reasons why there is a change in temperature from 36 to 38 degrees. This is due to the pathogenesis of the disease.

When tuberculosis develops, fluctuations between evening and morning temperatures often reach several degrees. If we're talking about In severe cases, the temperature curve has a hectic shape.

This picture is also typical for purulent processes. In such a situation, the temperature rises to 38 degrees or higher. When the infiltrate is opened, the indicator returns to normal in a short time.

Also, most other inflammatory and infectious diseases have symptoms such as sharp jumps temperatures during the day. IN morning time it is lower, in the evening it is higher.

The temperature may rise in the evening if chronic processes such as:

• adnexitis,
• sinusitis,
• pharyngitis,
• pyelonephritis.

Hyperthermia in these cases occurs with additional unpleasant symptoms, so you should consult a doctor for examination and treatment for a specific disease. Treatment with antibiotics, which is often prescribed for inflammatory diseases, will help normalize temperature indicators.

If hyperthermia is caused by a tumor process, then depending on its location, it proceeds differently. So, there may be sudden temperature changes or it will remain at a constant level for a long time.

To clarify the diagnosis, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive examination which includes:

• hardware methods
• instrumental analysis,
• laboratory diagnostics.

A timely diagnosis will lead to effective treatment diseases. This approach is also used in hematology, where temperature jumps from 37 to 38 degrees can occur due to various forms of anemia or leukemia.

Temperature surges may occur due to pathology endocrine system. If there is thyrotoxicosis, which occurs with hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, then the following additional symptoms should serve for consultation with an endocrinologist:

1. weight loss,
2. irritability,
3. sudden mood changes,
4. tachycardia,
5. interruptions in heart function.

In addition to general clinical tests, ultrasound and ECG, a study of thyroid hormones is prescribed, then a treatment regimen is created.

Principles of therapy

As is known, in order to prescribe optimal treatment, the cause of symptoms must be identified. If the temperature is elevated, the patient is examined.

When the diagnosis is confirmed, treatment should be prescribed directly based on the characteristics of the pathology. It can be:

• antibiotic therapy,
• antiviral agents,
• anti-inflammatory drugs,
• antihistamines,
• hormone therapy,
• general strengthening measures,

An increase in temperature is a protective reaction that allows the body to effectively and quickly fight pathogenic elements.

The prescription of antipyretics is not justified if the temperature is up to 37 degrees. In most cases, antipyretic medications are prescribed at temperatures above 38 degrees.

Drinking plenty of warm fluids is also recommended, which increases sweating and promotes heat transfer. It is necessary to provide cool air in the room where the patient is. Thus, the patient’s body will have to warm the inhaled air, while giving off heat.

As a rule, thanks to the actions taken, the temperature drops by a degree, which means the patient’s well-being improves, especially with colds.

Conclusion

Based on the above, it is worth emphasizing that temperature jumps can be seen during both physiological and pathological conditions. To confirm the safety of hyperthermia, many diseases must be excluded.

If a person has a body temperature of 37 to 38 degrees, within a few days you should consult a doctor and undergo medical examination. If a pathogenic agent is identified, it is necessary to urgently begin therapeutic procedures. Interesting video This article logically completes the topic of temperature.

It can be firmly stated that almost every person suffered from acute respiratory diseases. But there are questions that patients and parents of sick children ask. The most common of them is why, when you have a cold, the temperature rises in the evening, and other symptoms also worsen. Let's understand this issue and look for opportunities to alleviate the patient's condition.

Sometimes when you have a cold, your temperature starts to rise in the evening

The human body is daily attacked by infectious microorganisms, which are literally “teeming with” environment. Thanks to the high-quality functioning of the immune system, most people manage to avoid serious diseases. But if the immune system is weakened, colds and other diseases will not take long to appear. To find out the mechanism of spread of viruses throughout the body and symptoms, you need to know what the flu is, what are the causes of its occurrence and how to treat it.

Where did the flu come from?

The common word “cold” is a collective term that refers to all types of acute respiratory diseases. They circle around us and wait for the right moment to penetrate the human body:

• Air temperatures from -5 to 5 degrees;
• Weakened immunity due to chronic diseases, hypothermia, previous surgeries, etc.

Viruses easily attack the body of babies if they are on artificial feeding, natural infants receive with mother's milk all the useful microelements, vitamins, minerals that protect the body from any diseases.

In the body of older people, processes are slowed down, metabolism and blood circulation deteriorate, and stagnation occurs. Internal potential is depleted, and it is increasingly difficult to protect against respiratory diseases.

Pathogenic microorganisms, penetrating our body, first settle on the mucous membrane, which causes the following symptoms:

• sore throat;
• dry cough.

Invading the epithelium of the cell, the virus penetrates the blood and begins a “journey” through our body, affecting all organs along the way. Signs of intoxication appear:

• headache, dizziness;
• heat;
• aches in bones and muscles;
• lethargy, weakness;
• the skin becomes pale.

Often there is inflammation of the conjunctiva, which causes watery and sore eyes, the larynx and nasopharynx are affected, nasal congestion occurs, pain in the bridge of the nose, etc.



If the flu persists and is left untreated, serious complications are likely.

At an advanced stage, the flu can lead to irreversible consequences. If nausea, vomiting, body rash, convulsions occur, there is a risk of meningitis, encephalitis, pneumonia, tracheitis, bronchitis, etc.

Important: you should consult a doctor if you have primary symptoms against the background of another wave of the epidemic. Timely measures taken to treat the virus will minimize the risk of complications.

Why does the temperature rise in the evening during ARVI?

All signs of the disease worsen towards evening. The patient becomes worse, his joints ache, his head hurts, and the temperature on the thermometer rises. Why does a person experience intense discomfort during these hours? There are several factors influencing this process.

Hypothalamus

As we know, our brain gives commands to the entire body to perform certain functions. A region called the hypothalamus is responsible for thermoregulation and heat exchange in the body. When the immune system detects a foreign microorganism, it fights it, activating special pyrogen cells, which in turn affect the hypothalamus and the temperature rises. The most ardent, so to speak, battle of the immune system with viral agents occurs precisely in the evening hours

Biorhythms

All living things on the planet: people, animals, plants obey biological rhythm. During sleep, a person saves accumulated energy, which the body will then spend on the healing process. In case of illness, it is also activated in the evening hours, enhancing the fight against infection.

Response to treatment

According to generally accepted standards, medications for ARVI are generally taken in the morning. Most of them are created on the basis of chemical compounds, together with treatment, they also cause considerable damage to the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, genitourinary system, vessels. Additional intoxication occurs, so with ARVI the temperature rises in the evening. To minimize risks, it is better to choose more safe analogue medicine or use traditional methods, drugs based on interferon.



How to measure temperature correctly

No matter how strange it may sound, not everyone knows how to measure temperature correctly. Many people take this moment very lightly. In order for the indicators to be accurate, you need to pay attention to the following points:

• The patient should be in a calm position.
• Avoid hot drinks and food before taking measurements.
• The quality of the thermometer. This item also has its own operating life, it is necessary to periodically change it to a new one. Electronic thermometers, unlike mercury thermometers, are not as accurate in readings, so it is better to use familiar models.
• You need to measure in the armpit. The main thing is that the thermometer is pressed firmly during the first 2 minutes, during which the mark reaches the actual mark. The extra 3 minutes can add a few beats at most.

Is it necessary to bring down the high mark on the thermometer?

We already know that rising temperatures are direct evidence that our immunity is doing its best to destroy pathogens. Doctors strongly do not recommend knocking it down until the mark has crossed 38.5. If you have a cold in the evening and the temperature rises above the indicated numbers, you should take antipyretics and carry out the following procedures:

1. Wet the patient's wrists and ankles with cool water.
2. Dilute 2 tablespoons of vinegar in a glass of warm water and wipe the entire body with a gauze cloth.

Important: at high temperatures, it is strictly not recommended to wrap the patient up; arms and legs should be open, and there should be only fresh air in the room.

How to reduce the temperature of a nursing mother with a cold

Mother's milk transfers into the baby's body everything that the young mother eats. The same goes for medicines, which contain a lot of chemical components that are harmful to the small body. Therefore, a woman needs to be selective in how she deals with fever.

Important: you should absolutely not stop breastfeeding even at high temperatures. Along with milk, the baby receives antibodies produced in the mother's body and a certain degree of protection against viruses.

To lower the level, you need to drink more fluids - herbal teas, compotes, fruit drinks, warm water, milk. Here you should also be careful with your choice, since herbal decoctions and honey can cause allergic reaction. After drying, allow the body to dry, put on a warm robe and lie quietly for at least 1 hour.



Breastfeeding does not stop, even if the mother has a high fever

If simple procedures of wiping with vinegar and cool water do not help and the mark rises beyond 38.5, you need to take baby antibacterial agent or paracetamol (preferably in the form of a suppository), so the components will not pass into breast milk.

Prevention measures

We learned why the temperature during a cold rises in the evening. But in order to protect your body from stress, intoxication and discomfort from respiratory disease, it is necessary to take preventive measures.

1. It is recommended to undergo immunization. Even with the most strong immunity It is difficult to avoid epidemics.
2. News healthy image life - swimming, jogging, or, as a last resort, taking long walks in the fresh air.
3. Even during cold periods of the year, ventilate the room.
4. During epidemics, wear a gauze bandage and limit contact.
5. Eat natural products: vegetables, fruits, fermented milk dishes.
6. Drink at least 2 liters of liquid per day, including fruit drinks, compotes, and herbal teas.



To strengthen your body, you can go swimming

It is necessary to give up fatty foods, smoked foods, and baked goods in order to facilitate the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and kidneys. Immunity is formed in intestinal tract, and in this way, we will help the body receive maximum protective forces that will not need to be spent on fighting toxins from unhealthy diets.

Everyone’s body temperature increased, but for the common person it is not clear why our body needs this. Yes, exactly, our body needs this to fight infection. There are a lot of interesting things in our brain, and there is also a thermoregulation center, which is responsible for maintaining constant temperature bodies by our body. It just so happens that we are warm-blooded mammals and it takes us almost 50% of the calories we consume from food every day to maintain a constant body temperature.

Now a little about why the body sometimes needs to increase its body temperature.

An increase in body temperature is a complex physiological process that is triggered in response to penetration into the body infectious agents. But not just penetration, since thousands of them penetrate every minute and are successfully destroyed immune system. The penetration of microbes or viruses must be accompanied by their consolidation, active reproduction and the release of exogenous (come from outside) pyrogens, then the body’s defenses give a signal about an increase in body temperature.



The importance of this process is that increased temperature is the creation unfavorable conditions for the reproduction of bacteria and viruses, as well as a powerful stimulant for the release of interferon, increased activity of lymphocytes and phagocytosis, and other protective agents. At elevated temperatures, tumor growth slows down.

But why do many people consider temperature the main enemy during the period of illness and fight so hard against it?



Firstly, the point is a lack of understanding of the mechanism of the disease itself, as well as imaginary relief when the temperature is brought down.

Secondly, the fear of raising body temperature to very high numbers, which in fact already harms our body. But rising only above 39 C° Celsius is dangerous.

Thirdly, for some reason, many have developed the opinion that if there is a temperature, then the person is sick, and if it is brought down, it means that he is no longer sick. I'm not kidding, many people actually think so.

And finally, now what to do if your body temperature rises?

If you have a cold, flu, sore throat, or any other infection, do not rush to lower your body temperature if it does not exceed 38.5 C° Celsius. Do not deprive the body of an important protective reaction. It’s even better to help the body in this matter: cover yourself with a warm blanket to reduce heat transfer. Yes, of course, in case of severe infections (malaria, etc.), when the temperature goes beyond 39 - 40 degrees, it is necessary to bring it down in order to avoid the main complication - cerebral edema, from which people so often die.

Watch a video about elevated body temperature:



The temperature can rise not only with infectious diseases, but also with other diseases not associated with bacteria and viruses.

• With thyrotoxicosis, there is often an increase in temperature and an increase in basal metabolism.
• Fever can often accompany a tumor of the adrenal cortex - pheochromocytoma.
• Another cause of fever not associated with infection is traumatic brain injury.

In addition to all this, keep in mind that there are several methods for measuring temperature, and there are now many types of thermometers for these purposes. The above figures correspond to the oldest measurement method - this is in the armpit.